Current Oncology

15 pages, 1096 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Specialty Care and Counselling about Hereditary Cancer Risk Improves Adherence to Cancer Screening and Prevention in Newfoundland and Labrador Patients with BRCA1/2 Pathogenic Variants: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

by Aimee Roebothan, Kerri N. Smith, Melanie Seal, Holly Etchegary and Lesa Dawson

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9367-9381; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100678 - 22 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1387

Abstract

Pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase the lifetime risks of breast and ovarian cancer. Guidelines recommend breast screening (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammogram) or risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) and salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). We sought to (1) characterize the population of BRCA1/2 PV [...] Read more.

Pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase the lifetime risks of breast and ovarian cancer. Guidelines recommend breast screening (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammogram) or risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) and salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). We sought to (1) characterize the population of BRCA1/2 PV carriers in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), (2) evaluate risk-reducing interventions, and (3) identify factors influencing screening and prevention adherence. We conducted a retrospective study from a population-based provincial cohort of BRCA1/2 PV carriers. The eligibility criteria for risk-reducing interventions were defined for each case and patients were categorized based on their level of adherence with recommendations. Chi-squared and regression analyses were used to determine which factors influenced uptake and level of adherence. A total of 276 BRCA1/2 PV carriers were identified; 156 living NL biological females composed the study population. Unaffected females were younger at testing than those with a cancer diagnosis (44.4 years versus 51.7 years; p = 0.002). Categorized by eligibility, 61.0%, 61.6%, 39.0%, and 75.7% of patients underwent MRI, mammogram, RRM, and RRSO, respectively. Individuals with breast cancer were more likely to have RRM (64.7% versus 35.3%; p < 0.001), and those who attended a specialty hereditary cancer clinic were more likely to be adherent to recommendations (73.2% versus 13.4%; p < 0.001) and to undergo RRSO (84.1% versus 15.9%; p < 0.001). Nearly 40% of the female BRCA1/2 PV carriers were not receiving breast surveillance according to evidence-based recommendations. Cancer risk reduction and uptake of breast imaging and prophylactic surgeries are significantly higher in patients who receive dedicated specialty care. Organized hereditary cancer prevention programs will be a valuable component of Canadian healthcare systems and have the potential to reduce the burden of disease countrywide. Full article

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10 pages, 534 KiB

Open AccessReview

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) for Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Oncology Surgery: A Review

by Christa Aubrey and Gregg Nelson

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9357-9366; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100677 - 22 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1625

Abstract

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has established benefits in open gynecologic oncology surgery. However, the benefits for gynecologic oncology patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) are less well defined. We conducted a review of this topic after a comprehensive search of the peer-reviewed [...] Read more.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has established benefits in open gynecologic oncology surgery. However, the benefits for gynecologic oncology patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) are less well defined. We conducted a review of this topic after a comprehensive search of the peer-reviewed literature using MEDLINE and PubMed databases. Our search yielded 25 articles, 14 of which were original research articles, in 10 distinct patient cohorts describing ERAS in minimally invasive gynecologic oncology surgery. Major benefits of ERAS in MIS included: decreased length of stay and increased rates of same-day discharge, cost-savings, decreased opioid use, and increased patient satisfaction. ERAS in minimally invasive gynecologic oncology surgery is an area of great promise for both patients and the healthcare system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgery Advances in Gynecologic Tumors)

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11 pages, 709 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Guideline- Versus Non-Guideline-Based Neoadjuvant Management of Clinical T4 Rectal Cancer

by Xi Chen, Xinyu Xie, Xiaodong Wang, Mingtian Wei, Zhigui Li and Li Li

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9346-9356; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100676 - 21 Oct 2023

Viewed by 983

Abstract

(1) Background: Practice guidelines recommend neoadjuvant treatment for clinical T4 rectal cancer. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to assess whether compliance with guidelines correlates with patient outcomes. Secondarily, we evaluated predictors of adherence to guidelines and mortality. (2) Methods: A [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Practice guidelines recommend neoadjuvant treatment for clinical T4 rectal cancer. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to assess whether compliance with guidelines correlates with patient outcomes. Secondarily, we evaluated predictors of adherence to guidelines and mortality. (2) Methods: A total of 397 qualified rectal cancer (RC) patients from 2017 to 2020 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University were included. Patients were divided into two groups depending on adherence to neoadjuvant treatment guidelines. The main endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease special survival (DSS). We analyzed factors associated with guideline adherence and mortality. (3) Results: Compliance with guidelines was only 39.55%. Patients’ neoadjuvant therapy treated not according to the guidelines for clinical T4 RC was not associated with an overall survival (95.7% vs. 88.9%) and disease special survival (96.3% vs. 91.1%) benefit. Patients were more likely to get recommended therapy with positive patient compliance. Staging Ⅲ, medium/high differentiation and objective compliance were associated with increased risk of mortality. (4) Conclusions: Guideline adherence for clinical T4 RC in our system is low. Compliance with the relevant guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy seems not to lead to better overall survival for patients with clinical T4 RC. Full article

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11 pages, 6423 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Conversion in a Resectable Tumor after Denosumab Neoadjuvant in a Large Dorsal Giant Cells Tumor: A Case Report and a Literature Review

by María Sereno, Silvia Roa Franco, Laura de la Reina, José Luis Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz, Marta Muñoz de Legaría and Enrique Casado Saénz

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9335-9345; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100675 - 21 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1169

Abstract

Giant cell tumors of bone are a rare entity, usually occurring in young patients and characteristically arising in the long bones. The spinal location is rare and usually presents with pain and/or neurological symptoms. The treatment of choice is surgery. Treatment with Denosumab, [...] Read more.

Giant cell tumors of bone are a rare entity, usually occurring in young patients and characteristically arising in the long bones. The spinal location is rare and usually presents with pain and/or neurological symptoms. The treatment of choice is surgery. Treatment with Denosumab, a bisphosphonate inhibitor of RANK-L, which is highly expressed in these tumors, has shown extensive activity in unresectable patients or those undergoing incomplete surgery. Preoperative treatment with this drug is gaining increasing interest, as its high potency in tumor reduction in this subtype of neoplasm has allowed resectability in selected patients. We present the case of a young patient with a large spinal tumor who, after neoadjuvant Denosumab, underwent complete en bloc surgery with clean margins and a great pathological response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Targeted Therapy for Malignancies in the Nervous System)

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8 pages, 1231 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Local Treatment Efficacy for Single-Area Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Unknown Primary Site

by Tomoko Kurita, Mayu Yunokawa, Yuji Tanaka, Kota Okamoto, Motoko Kanno, Atsushi Fusegi, Makiko Omi, Sachiho Netsu, Hidetaka Nomura, Akiko Tonooka and Hiroyuki Kanao

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9327-9334; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100674 - 20 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1228

Abstract

The prognosis for cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) is poor, and squamous cell carcinoma of the unknown primary site (SCCUP) is a rare histological type. CUP is often treated with aggressive multimodal treatments, while the treatment of single-area localized CUP remains controversial. [...] Read more.

The prognosis for cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) is poor, and squamous cell carcinoma of the unknown primary site (SCCUP) is a rare histological type. CUP is often treated with aggressive multimodal treatments, while the treatment of single-area localized CUP remains controversial. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with CUP. SCCUP in women was classified according to several definitions. Based on the histologic type and site, they were classified into favorable and unfavorable subsets. We further divided SCCUP into two types (single and multiple areas) and reviewed treatment and efficacy. Among the 227 female CUP patients, 36 (15%) had SCCUP. The median age was 59.9 years (range, 31–90 years). Most patients (61.1%) had a good performance status. Of the SCCUP patients, 22 had cancer in a single area, and 14 in multiple areas. Single-area SCCUP was further divided into favorable (16 cases) and unfavorable subsets (6 cases). In the favorable subset, local treatment was predominant, and almost all cases had a good prognosis. Even in the unfavorable subset, local therapy was combined with systemic chemotherapy in only two cases, and four cases showed no recurrences. Local treatment may be effective for single-area SCCUP, even in the unfavorable subset. Full article

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10 pages, 676 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Erectile Dysfunction Is Common after Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Cohort Study

by Sebastian Borgund Hansen, Birthe Thing Oggesen, Siv Fonnes and Jacob Rosenberg

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9317-9326; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100673 - 20 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1895

Abstract

Erectile dysfunction is a known late complication following surgery for rectal cancer. We aimed to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery and characterize it. This was a prospective observational cohort study. Data from men after surgery for rectal cancer [...] Read more.

Erectile dysfunction is a known late complication following surgery for rectal cancer. We aimed to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery and characterize it. This was a prospective observational cohort study. Data from men after surgery for rectal cancer were collected between October 2019 and April 2023. The primary outcome was the prevalence of erectile dysfunction following surgery based on the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaires, IIEF-5 and 15. Secondary outcomes were prevalence in subgroups and self-perceived erectile function. In total, 101 patients agreed to participate, while 67 patients (67%) responded after a median six-month follow-up after surgery. Based on IIEF-15, 84% of the patients had erectile dysfunction. For subgroups, 74% of patients who underwent robot-assisted surgery had erectile dysfunction, whereas all patients who underwent either laparoscopic or open surgery had erectile dysfunction (p = 0.031). Furthermore, half of the patients rated their self-perceived ability to obtain and keep an erection as very low. In conclusion, in our cohort, erectile dysfunction was common after rectal cancer surgery, and half of the patients were unconfident that they could obtain and keep an erection. Information regarding this finding should be given so that patients feel comfortable discussing therapeutic solutions if needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surgical Oncology)

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13 pages, 309 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current and Emerging Role of Monoclonal Antibody-Based First-Line Treatment in Advanced Gastro-Esophageal and Gastric Cancer

by Audrey Désilets, Reem Elkhoury, Ahmad Gebai and Mustapha Tehfe

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9304-9316; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100672 - 20 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1756

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. While surgical treatment is the only curative option for early disease, many have inoperable or advanced disease at diagnosis. Treatment in this case would be [...] Read more.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. While surgical treatment is the only curative option for early disease, many have inoperable or advanced disease at diagnosis. Treatment in this case would be a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Gastro-esophageal (GEJ) and gastric cancer (GC) genetic profiling with current molecular diagnostic techniques has significantly changed the therapeutic landscape in advanced cancers. The identification of key players in GEJ and GC survival and proliferation, such as human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), has allowed for the individualization of advanced cancer treatment and significant improvement in overall survival and progression-free survival of patients. This review comprehensively examines the current and emerging role of monoclonal antibody-based first-line treatments in advanced GEJ and GC. We explore the impact of monoclonal antibodies targeting HER2, VEGF, PD-1/PD-L1, and Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) on the first-line treatment landscape by talking about key clinical trials. This review emphasizes the importance of biomarker testing for optimal treatment selection and provides practical recommendations based on ASCO guidelines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Targeted Therapy, Immunotherapy, and Immune Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal and Liver Cancer)

13 pages, 528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Relationship between Self-Rated Health and Unmet Cancer Needs among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer

by Nina Francis-Levin, Lauren V. Ghazal, Jess Francis-Levin, Bradley Zebrack, Meiyan Chen and Anao Zhang

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9291-9303; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100671 - 20 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1338

Abstract

This study evaluates the unmet needs of sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors by comparing SGM AYA self-rated health (SRH) scores to their non-SGM (i.e., cisgender/heterosexual) counterparts. The Cancer Needs Questionnaire—Young People (CNQ-YP) and self-rated health measures [...] Read more.

This study evaluates the unmet needs of sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors by comparing SGM AYA self-rated health (SRH) scores to their non-SGM (i.e., cisgender/heterosexual) counterparts. The Cancer Needs Questionnaire—Young People (CNQ-YP) and self-rated health measures were used to assess unmet needs in AYAs aged 15–39 who had been diagnosed with cancer in the previous ten years (n = 342). Participants were recruited from a National Cancer Institute (NCI) Comprehensive Cancer Center registry using the modified Dillman’s method. Self-reported sexual orientation and gender identity (SO/GI) data were collected. Independent t-tests were used to test between-group differences in unmet needs and Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine the difference in SRH scores between SGM and non-SGM AYA cancer survivors. SGM AYA cancer survivors reported greater mean needs than their non-SGM counterparts across all six domains and reported significantly greater needs in the domains of Feelings and Relationships, t(314) = −2.111, p = 0.036, Information and Activities, t(314) = −2.594, p = 0.009, and Education, t(207) = −3.289, p < 0.001. SGM versus non-SGM SRH scores were significantly different, indicating that a higher percentage of SGM AYAs reported poor/fair health compared to those who were non-SGM. Unmet life and activities needs were negatively associated with AYA cancer survivors’ SRH, whereas unmet work needs were positively associated with AYA cancer survivors’ SRH. An AYA’s gender identity (SGM versus non-SGM) was not a moderator. SGM AYAs are an understudied group within an already vulnerable patient population. Unmet psychosocial needs related to one’s feelings and relationships, and information and activity needs merit further research to develop tailored interventions that reflect the experiences of SGM AYAs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology—Ongoing Challenges and Developments in the Future)

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15 pages, 1284 KiB

Open AccessReview

Genomic Profiling and Molecular Characterization of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

by Gaetano Pezzicoli, Federica Ciciriello, Vittoria Musci, Francesco Salonne, Anna Ragno and Mimma Rizzo

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9276-9290; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100670 - 20 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1628

Abstract

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) treatment has undergone three major paradigm shifts in recent years, first with the introduction of molecular targeted therapies, then with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and, more recently, with immune-based combinations. However, to date, molecular predictors of response to [...] Read more.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) treatment has undergone three major paradigm shifts in recent years, first with the introduction of molecular targeted therapies, then with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and, more recently, with immune-based combinations. However, to date, molecular predictors of response to targeted agents have not been identified for ccRCC. The WHO 2022 classification of renal neoplasms introduced the molecularly defined RCC class, which is a first step in the direction of a better molecular profiling of RCC. We reviewed the literature data on known genomic alterations of clinical interest in ccRCC, discussing their prognostic and predictive role. In particular, we explored the role of VHL, mTOR, chromatin modulators, DNA repair genes, cyclin-dependent kinases, and tumor mutation burden. RCC is a tumor whose pivotal genomic alterations have pleiotropic effects, and the interplay of these effects determines the tumor phenotype and its clinical behavior. Therefore, it is difficult to find a single genomic predictive factor, but it is more likely to identify a signature of gene alterations that could impact prognosis and response to specific treatment. To accomplish this task, the interpolation of large amounts of clinical and genomic data is needed. Nevertheless, genomic profiling has the potential to change real-world clinical practice settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renal Cell Carcinoma Management)

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14 pages, 2462 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Assessing the Efficacy of PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

by Zakaria Alameddine, Muhammad Rafay Khan Niazi, Anisha Rajavel, Jai Behgal, Praneeth Reddy Keesari, Ghada Araji, Ahmad Mustafa, Chapman Wei, Abdullah Jahangir and Terenig O Terjanian

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9262-9275; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100669 - 19 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1561

Abstract

Prostate cancer ranks as the second most common malignancy in males. Prostate cancer progressing on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have been at the forefront of the treatment of CRPC. We aim to [...] Read more.

Prostate cancer ranks as the second most common malignancy in males. Prostate cancer progressing on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have been at the forefront of the treatment of CRPC. We aim to better characterize the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in metastatic CRPC patients treated with PARPis. A systemic review search was conducted using National Clinical Trial (NCT), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Central Cochrane Registry. The improvement in overall survival was statistically significant, favoring PARPis (hazard ratio (HR) 0.855; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.752–0.974; p = 0.018). The improvement in progression-free survival was also statistically significant, with results favoring PARPis (HR 0.626; 95%CI 0.566–0.692; p = 0.000). In a subgroup analysis, similar results were observed where the efficacy of PARPis was evaluated in a subgroup of patients without homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutation, which showed improvement in PFS favoring PARPis (HR 0.747; 95%CI 0.0.637–0.877; p = 0.000). Our meta-analysis of seven RCTs showed that PARPis significantly increased PFS and OS when used with or without antihormonal agents like abiraterone or enzalutamide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Treatments of Prostate Cancer: From Biology to Current Advanced Technologies)

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18 pages, 7564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Machine Learning in Predicting Hepatic Metastasis or Primary Site in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

by Mahesh Kumar Padwal, Sandip Basu and Bhakti Basu

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9244-9261; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100668 - 19 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1296

Abstract

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) account for 80% of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs). GEP-NETs are well-differentiated tumors, highly heterogeneous in biology and origin, and are often diagnosed at the metastatic stage. Diagnosis is commonly through clinical symptoms, histopathology, and PET-CT imaging, while molecular markers [...] Read more.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) account for 80% of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs). GEP-NETs are well-differentiated tumors, highly heterogeneous in biology and origin, and are often diagnosed at the metastatic stage. Diagnosis is commonly through clinical symptoms, histopathology, and PET-CT imaging, while molecular markers for metastasis and the primary site are unknown. Here, we report the identification of multi-gene signatures for hepatic metastasis and primary sites through analyses on RNA-SEQ datasets of pancreatic and small intestinal NETs tissue samples. Relevant gene features, identified from the normalized RNA-SEQ data using the mRMRe algorithm, were used to develop seven Machine Learning models (LDA, RF, CART, k-NN, SVM, XGBOOST, GBM). Two multi-gene random forest (RF) models classified primary and metastatic samples with 100% accuracy in training and test cohorts and >90% accuracy in an independent validation cohort. Similarly, three multi-gene RF models identified the pancreas or small intestine as the primary site with 100% accuracy in training and test cohorts, and >95% accuracy in an independent cohort. Multi-label models for concurrent prediction of hepatic metastasis and primary site returned >98.42% and >87.42% accuracies on training and test cohorts, respectively. A robust molecular signature to predict liver metastasis or the primary site for GEP-NETs is reported for the first time and could complement the clinical management of GEP-NETs. Full article

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14 pages, 331 KiB

Open AccessReview

Local Control Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Liver Oligometastases: Lessons from a Quarter Century

by Sara Mheid, Stefan Allen, Sylvia S. W. Ng, William A. Hall, Nina N. Sanford, Todd A. Aguilera, Ahmed M. Elamir, Rana Bahij, Martijn P. W. Intven, Ganesh Radhakrishna, Issa Mohamad, Jeremy De Leon, Hendrick Tan, Shirley Lewis, Cihan Gani, Teo Stanecu, Veronica Dell’Acqua and Ali Hosni

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9230-9243; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100667 - 19 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1716

Abstract

The utilization of stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of liver metastasis has been widely studied and has demonstrated favorable local control outcomes. However, several predictive factors play a crucial role in the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy, such as the [...] Read more.

The utilization of stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of liver metastasis has been widely studied and has demonstrated favorable local control outcomes. However, several predictive factors play a crucial role in the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy, such as the number and size (volume) of metastatic liver lesions, the primary tumor site (histology), molecular biomarkers (e.g., KRAS and TP53 mutation), the use of systemic therapy prior to SBRT, the radiation dose, and the use of advanced technology and organ motion management during SBRT. These prognostic factors need to be considered when clinical trials are designed to evaluate the efficacy of SBRT for liver metastases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

13 pages, 950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Anti-Mullerian Hormone Levels, Antral Follicle Counts, and Mean Ovarian Volumes in Chemotherapy-Induced Amenorrhea among Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Clinical Study

by Çağlar Ünal, Çetin Ordu, Tolga Özmen, Ahmet Serkan İlgun, Filiz Çelebi, Bülent Baysal, Enver Özkurt, Tomris Duymaz, Zeynep Erdoğan İyigün, Sevgi Kurt, Mehmet Alper Öztürk, Kezban Nur Pilancı, Gül Alço, Kanay Yararbaş, Tuba Kayan Tapan, Deniz Can Güven, Gürsel Soybir and Vahit Özmen

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9217-9229; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100666 - 19 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1320

Abstract

Estradiol (E2), a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), AMH, and inhibin B levels, along with AFC and MOV, are used to determine ovarian reserve in pre-menopausal women. Studies have shown that AMH levels are more sensitive than those of E2, FSH, and inhibin B and [...] Read more.

Estradiol (E2), a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), AMH, and inhibin B levels, along with AFC and MOV, are used to determine ovarian reserve in pre-menopausal women. Studies have shown that AMH levels are more sensitive than those of E2, FSH, and inhibin B and that AFC and MOV can be used to evaluate ovarian reserve. AMH, AFC, and MOV measurements were performed before and after adjuvant SC in 3-month periods for one year. Patients were classified as experiencing chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) if they did not have menstrual cycles for a period of six months or longer following the conclusion of their chemotherapy treatment. We aimed to evaluate the factors affecting chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and the performance of baseline measurements of AMH, AFC, and MOV to predict chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. The effects of different chemotherapy regimens on the AMH level, AFC, and MOV in CIA patients were investigated. Seventy-one patients were eligible for this study, and the median age was 38 years (range: 23–45). The median follow-up was 37 months (range: 20–51), and CIA developed in 62% of the patients. The AMH level and AFC were significantly decreased one year after SC (p < 0.0001), whereas MOV was not (p = 0.507). AMH levels before chemotherapy (median: 1.520 vs. 0.755, p = 0.001) and at the end of the first year (median: 0.073 vs. 0.010, p = 0.030) and pre-treatment AFC (median: 12 vs. 4.50, p = 0.026) were lower in patients with CIA compared to those without CIA. The AMH levels before SC were the most valuable and earliest factor for predicting CIA development. In addition, there was no difference between the chemotherapy regimens (including or not including taxane) in terms of CIA development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)

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12 pages, 699 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Toxicities and Quality of Life during Cancer Treatment in Advanced Solid Tumors

by Eun Mi Lee, Paula Jiménez-Fonseca, Rocio Galán-Moral, Sara Coca-Membribes, Ana Fernández-Montes, Elena Sorribes, Esmeralda García-Torralba, Laura Puntí-Brun, Mireia Gil-Raga, Juana Cano-Cano and Caterina Calderon

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9205-9216; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100665 - 19 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1440

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to identify subgroups of advanced cancer patients who experienced grade 3–4 toxicities as reported by their oncologists as well as identify the demographic, clinical, and treatment symptom characteristics as well as QoL outcomes associated with distinct profiles [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study was to identify subgroups of advanced cancer patients who experienced grade 3–4 toxicities as reported by their oncologists as well as identify the demographic, clinical, and treatment symptom characteristics as well as QoL outcomes associated with distinct profiles of each patient. A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted with advanced cancer patients of 15 different hospitals across Spain. After three months of systemic cancer treatment, participants completed questionnaires that evaluated psychological distress (BSI-18), quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) and fatigue (FAS). The most common tumor sites for the 557 cancer patients with a mean age of 65 years were bronchopulmonary, digestive, and pancreas. Overall, 19% of patients experienced high-grade toxicities (grade 3–4) during treatment. Patients with recurrent advanced cancer, with non-adenocarcinoma cancer, undergoing chemotherapy, and a showing deteriorated baseline status (ECOG > 1) were more likely to experience higher toxicity. Patients who experienced grade 3–4 toxicities during cancer treatment had their treatment suspended in 59% of the cases. Additionally, 87% of the patients had a dose adjustment or a cycle delayed in their treatment due to a high risk of dying during treatment. Future research should focus on identifying interventions to reduce high-grade toxicities and improve quality of life in cancer patients. Full article

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13 pages, 813 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Management Strategies and Outcomes for Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumours with Involvement of the Superior Mesenteric Vessels: A Systematic Review

by Elizabeth Kmiotek, Sakina Lakda, Aditya Borakati, Olagunju Ogunbiyi, Dalvinder Mandair, Martyn Caplin, Christos Toumpanakis and Reza Mirnezami

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9192-9204; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100664 - 18 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1050

Abstract

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (SI-NETs) are the most common small intestinal tumours. A particularly challenging subset of these tumours is those that involve the superior mesenteric artery or vein for which the role and feasibility of surgery are often questioned. This systematic review [...] Read more.

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (SI-NETs) are the most common small intestinal tumours. A particularly challenging subset of these tumours is those that involve the superior mesenteric artery or vein for which the role and feasibility of surgery are often questioned. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the management strategies used for these complex SI-NETs. The identified studies showed positive outcomes with surgery and multimodality therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

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11 pages, 564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Safety and Efficacy of Hepatic Artery Embolization in Heavily Treated Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Analysis of Clinicopathological and Radiographic Parameters Associated with Better Overall Survival

by Sara Velayati, Ahmed Elsakka, Ken Zhao, Joseph P. Erinjeri, Brett Marinelli, Mohamed Soliman, Olivier Chevallier, Etay Ziv, Lynn A. Brody, Constantinos T. Sofocleous, Stephen B. Solomon, James J. Harding, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Michael I. D’Angelica, Alice C. Wei, Peter T. Kingham, William R. Jarnagin and Hooman Yarmohammadi

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9181-9191; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100663 - 18 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1519

Abstract

The safety and efficacy of hepatic artery embolization (HAE) in treating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) was evaluated. Initial treatment response, local tumor progression-free survival (L-PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in 34 IHC patients treated with HAE. A univariate survival analysis and a [...] Read more.

The safety and efficacy of hepatic artery embolization (HAE) in treating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) was evaluated. Initial treatment response, local tumor progression-free survival (L-PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in 34 IHC patients treated with HAE. A univariate survival analysis and a multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis to identify independent factors were carried out. Objective response (OR) at 1-month was 79.4%. Median OS and L-PFS from the time of HAE was 13 (CI = 95%, 7.4–18.5) and 4 months (CI = 95%, 2.09–5.9), respectively. Tumor burden < 25% and increased tumor vascularity on preprocedure imaging and surgical resection prior to embolization were associated with longer OS (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that tumor burden < 25% and hypervascular tumors were independent risk factors. Mean post-HAE hospital stay was 4 days. Grade 3 complication rate was 8.5%. In heavily treated patients with IHC, after exhausting all chemotherapy and other locoregional options, HAE as a rescue treatment option appeared to be safe with a mean OS of 13 months. Tumor burden < 25%, increased target tumor vascularity on pre-procedure imaging, and OR on 1 month follow-up images were associated with better OS. Further studies with a control group are required to confirm the effectiveness of HAE in IHC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases: Novel Strategies of Diagnosis and Treatments)

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13 pages, 535 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Systematic Review of Nomograms Used for Predicting Pathological Complete Response in Early Breast Cancer

by Marcelo Antonini, Gabriel Duque Pannain, André Mattar, Odair Ferraro, Reginaldo Guedes Coelho Lopes, Juliana Monte Real and Lucas Miyake Okumura

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9168-9180; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100662 - 16 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1220

Abstract

Pathological complete response (pCR) is an important surrogate outcome to assess the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Nomograms to predict pCR have been developed with local data to better select patients who are likely to benefit from NAC; however, they were never critically [...] Read more.

Pathological complete response (pCR) is an important surrogate outcome to assess the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Nomograms to predict pCR have been developed with local data to better select patients who are likely to benefit from NAC; however, they were never critically reviewed regarding their internal and external validity. The purpose of this systematic review was to critically appraise nomograms published in the last 20 years (2010–2022). Articles about nomograms were searched in databases, such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane. A total of 1120 hits were found, and seven studies were included for analyses. No meta-analysis could be performed due to heterogeneous reports on outcomes, including the definition of pCR and subtypes. Most nomograms were developed in Asian centers, and nonrandomized retrospective cohorts were the most common sources of data. The most common subtype included in the studies was triple negative (50%). There were articles that included HER2+ (>80%). In one study, scholars performed additional validation of the nomogram using DFS and OS as outcomes; however, there was a lack of clarity on how such endpoints were measured. Nomograms to predict pCR cannot be extrapolated to other settings due to local preferences/availability of NAC. The main gaps identified in this review are also opportunities for future nomogram research and development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)

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12 pages, 1975 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustained Suppression of Gorlin Syndrome-Associated Basal Cell Carcinomas with Vismodegib or Sonidegib: A Case Series

by Raquel Wescott and Wolfram Samlowski

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9156-9167; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100661 - 16 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1281

Abstract

Nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) is characterized by numerous cutaneous basal cell carcinomas mediated by mutations in the hedgehog pathway. Vismodegib or sonidegib represent promising treatment options. We identified 10 Gorlin patients who were treated with sonidegib (n = 6) or [...] Read more.

Nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) is characterized by numerous cutaneous basal cell carcinomas mediated by mutations in the hedgehog pathway. Vismodegib or sonidegib represent promising treatment options. We identified 10 Gorlin patients who were treated with sonidegib (n = 6) or vismodegib (n = 4) between March 2012 and March 2022. We analyzed the activity, toxicity, and duration of the response to oral hedgehog inhibitors. The number of new tumors that developed prior to treatment or after treatment as well as the time of response and durability of responses were assessed. All patients achieved a complete remission. With a 30.7 ± 48.4-month median follow-up, the drug treatment significantly reduced the number of new basal cell cancers from a mean of 28.3 ± 24.6 prior to treatment to a mean of 1.4 ± 2.0 during treatment (p = 0.0048). The median time to develop a new basal cell cancer was 47.3 months. Three patients eventually developed localized recurrences. After resection, ongoing treatment suppressed the development of additional lesions. One patient developed numerous new drug-resistant basal cell cancers and died of acute leukemia. Six patients required treatment modifications for toxicity. Sustained hedgehog inhibitor treatment can suppress the progression of both new and existing basal cell carcinomas for an extended period. Drug administration schedule adjustments improved tolerance without altering efficacy, potentially contributing to a prolonged response duration. Full article

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15 pages, 1261 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Process Evaluation of Intervention Delivery for a Cancer Survivorship Rehabilitation Clinical Trial Conducted during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Courtney J. Stevens, Stephen Wechsler, Deborah B. Ejem, Sarah Khalidi, Jazmine Coffee-Dunning, Jamme L. Morency, Karen E. Thorp, Megan E. Codini, Robin M. Newman, Jennifer Echols, Danielle Z. Cloyd, Sarah dos Anjos, Colleen Muse, Sarah Gallups, Susan C. Goedeken, Kaitlin Flannery, Marie A. Bakitas, Mark T. Hegel and Kathleen Doyle Lyons

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9141-9155; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100660 - 16 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1234

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to conduct a process evaluation of intervention delivery for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic (NCT 03915548). The RCT tested the effects of a telephone-delivered behavioral intervention on changes in breast cancer [...] Read more.

The purpose of the present study was to conduct a process evaluation of intervention delivery for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic (NCT 03915548). The RCT tested the effects of a telephone-delivered behavioral intervention on changes in breast cancer survivors’ satisfaction with social roles and activities, as compared to an attention control condition. This process evaluation examined (a) fidelity monitoring scores; (b) participants’ perceived benefit ratings for gaining confidence, reducing distress, adjusting habits and routines, setting goals, and increasing exercise; and (c) field notes, email communications, and transcripts of coach supervision and debriefing sessions. The behavioral and attention control conditions were delivered with a high degree of fidelity (global quality rating score for the BA/PS condition was M = 4.6 (SD = 0.6) and M = 4.9 (SD = 0.3) for the attention control condition, where “5” is the highest rating). The behavioral intervention participants perceived greater benefits than the control participants pertaining to goal setting, t(248) = 5.73, p = <0.0001, adjusting habits and routines, t(248) = 2.94, p = 0.0036, and increasing exercise, t(248) = 4.66, p = <0.0001. Moreover, coaches’ perceptions regarding the behavioral intervention’s therapeutic aspects aligned with the study’s a priori conceptual model including the use of a structured process to set small, observable goals and facilitate the independent use of problem-solving skills. However, coaches also noted that aspects of the attention control condition, including the perceived relevance of the educational content and opportunities for social support, may have made it more therapeutically potent than intended. The pandemic may have affected the activity goals behavioral intervention participants could set as well as augmented the relevancy of social support provided in both conditions. Full article

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25 pages, 8255 KiB

Open AccessReview

Neuroblastoma Interaction with the Tumour Microenvironment and Its Implications for Treatment and Disease Progression

by Leila Jahangiri

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9116-9140; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100659 - 15 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1372

Abstract

Neuroblastoma, a paediatric malignancy of the peripheral nervous system, displays a wide range of clinical outcomes, including regression to fatality despite extensive treatment. Neuroblastoma tumours display a complex interplay with their surrounding environment, known as the tumour microenvironment, which may affect disease progression [...] Read more.

Neuroblastoma, a paediatric malignancy of the peripheral nervous system, displays a wide range of clinical outcomes, including regression to fatality despite extensive treatment. Neuroblastoma tumours display a complex interplay with their surrounding environment, known as the tumour microenvironment, which may affect disease progression and patient prognosis. This study aimed to dissect the ways in which neuroblastoma biology, treatment, prognosis, progression, and relapse are linked with the extracellular matrix, the dichotomous identities of neuroblastoma, various regulatory proteins and RNA, and extracellular vesicles within the backdrop of the tumour microenvironment. In addition, other aspects, such as immune cell infiltration, therapeutic options including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors; and the ways in which these may affect disease progression and immunosuppression within the context of the neuroblastoma tumour microenvironment, are addressed. Such studies may shed light on useful therapeutic targets within the tumour microenvironment that may benefit groups of NB patients. Ultimately, a detailed understanding of these aspects will enable the neuroblastoma scientific community to improve treatment options, patient outcomes, and quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Tumor Microenvironment)

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12 pages, 898 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Robotic versus Open Surgery in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Evaluation of Surgical and Oncological Outcomes

by Carmelina C. Zirafa, Gaetano Romano, Elisa Sicolo, Elena Bagalà, Beatrice Manfredini, Greta Alì, Andrea Castaldi, Riccardo Morganti, Federico Davini, Gabriella Fontanini and Franca Melfi

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9104-9115; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100658 - 12 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1571

Abstract

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) consists of a heterogeneous group, with different pulmonary extension and lymph nodal involvement. Robotic surgery can play a key role in these tumours thanks to its technological features, although open surgery is still considered the gold-standard [...] Read more.

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) consists of a heterogeneous group, with different pulmonary extension and lymph nodal involvement. Robotic surgery can play a key role in these tumours thanks to its technological features, although open surgery is still considered the gold-standard approach. Our study aims to evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of locally advanced NSCLC patients who underwent robotic surgery in a high-volume centre. Data from consecutive patients with locally advanced NSCLC who underwent robotic lobectomy were retrospectively analysed and compared with patients treated with open surgery. Clinical characteristics and surgical and oncological information were evaluated. From 2010 to 2020, 131 patients underwent anatomical lung resection for locally advanced NSCLC. A total of 61 patients were treated with robotic surgery (46.6%); the median hospitalization time was 5.9 days (range 2–27) and the postoperative complication rate was 18%. Open surgery was performed in 70 patients (53.4%); the median length of stay was 9 days (range 4–48) and the postoperative complication rate was 22.9%. The median follow-up time was 70 months. The 5-year overall survival was 34% in the robotic group and 31% in the thoracotomy group. Robotic surgery can be considered safe and feasible not only for early stages but also for the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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14 pages, 2460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) Models as an Avatar to Assess Personalized Therapy Options in Uveal Melanoma: A Feasibility Study

by Fariba Nemati, Leanne de Koning, David Gentien, Franck Assayag, Emilie Henry, Khadija Ait Rais, Gaelle Pierron, Odette Mariani, Michèle Nijnikoff, Gabriel Champenois, André Nicolas, Didier Meseure, Sophie Gardrat, Nicolas Servant, Philippe Hupé, Maud Kamal, Christophe Le Tourneau, Sophie Piperno-Neumann, Manuel Rodrigues, Sergio Roman-Roman, Didier Decaudin, Pascale Mariani and Nathalie Cassoux Show full author list Hide full author list

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9090-9103; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100657 - 11 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1529

Abstract

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Up to 50% of UM patients develop metastatic disease, usually in the liver. When metastatic, the prognosis is poor, and few treatment options exist. Here, we investigated the feasibility of establishing patient-derived [...] Read more.

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Up to 50% of UM patients develop metastatic disease, usually in the liver. When metastatic, the prognosis is poor, and few treatment options exist. Here, we investigated the feasibility of establishing patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from a patient’s tumor in order to screen for therapies that the patient could benefit from. Samples obtained from 29 primary tumors and liver metastases of uveal melanoma were grafted into SCID mice. PDX models were successfully established for 35% of primary patient tumors and 67% of liver metastases. The tumor take rate was proportional to the risk of metastases. PDXs showed the same morphology, the same GNAQ/11, BAP1, and SF3B1 mutations, and the same chromosome 3 and 8q status as the corresponding patient samples. Six PDX models were challenged with two compounds for 4 weeks. We show that, for 31% of patients with high or intermediate risk of metastasis, the timing to obtain efficacy results on PDX models derived from their primary tumors was compatible with the selection of the therapy to treat the patient after relapse. PDXs could thus be a valid tool (“avatar”) to select the best personalized therapy for one third of patients that are most at risk of relapse. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Individualized Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment in Tumor Metastasis)

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12 pages, 1332 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Do Histology and Primary Tumor Location Influence Metastatic Patterns in Bladder Cancer?

by Hyung Kyu Park

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9078-9089; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100656 - 11 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1374

Abstract

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with bladder cancer. This study utilized a statistical analysis of patient data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to examine the influence of histological type and primary site on the metastatic behavior [...] Read more.

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with bladder cancer. This study utilized a statistical analysis of patient data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to examine the influence of histological type and primary site on the metastatic behavior of bladder cancer. Significantly different metastatic patterns were observed among bladder cancer patients depending on their histological type. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma showed a significantly (p < 0.001) lower bone metastasis rate (27.2%) than patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) (38.3%). Patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma showed a significantly (p < 0.001) higher liver metastasis rate (52.1%) and a significantly (p = 0.001) lower lung metastasis rate (25.7%) than patients with UC (22.6% and 33.5%, respectively). UC patients also demonstrated differences in metastatic behavior according to histological subtype. The sarcomatoid subtype showed a significantly (p < 0.001) higher lung metastasis rate (51.6%) and a significantly lower (p = 0.002) lymph node metastasis rate (22.6%) than the micropapillary subtype (12.1% and 54.1%, respectively). Significant differences in metastatic behavior were also observed among patients with conventional UCs originating from the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis. This study highlights the impact of histological characteristics and primary site on metastatic tendencies in bladder cancer, highlighting the importance of tailoring treatment and surveillance strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

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15 pages, 2929 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Capecitabine-Induced Ileitis during Neoadjuvant Pelvic Radio-Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Case Report with Literature Review

by Andrea Brignoli, Eleonora Ferrara, Micol Zannetti, Gianfranco Loi, Laura Forti, Carlo Socci, Alessandro Carriero, Alessandra Gennari, Marco Krengli and Pierfrancesco Franco

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9063-9077; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100655 - 10 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1849

Abstract

We report on a clinical case of capecitabine-induced acute ileitis in a patient treated with pre-operative concurrent chemoradiation with capecitabine for locally advanced rectal cancer and provide a comprehensive literature review. This a rare, but life-threatening, clinical situation, that clinicians should be aware [...] Read more.

We report on a clinical case of capecitabine-induced acute ileitis in a patient treated with pre-operative concurrent chemoradiation with capecitabine for locally advanced rectal cancer and provide a comprehensive literature review. This a rare, but life-threatening, clinical situation, that clinicians should be aware of. Severe persistent diarrhea is the most frequent clinical feature and computed tomography is a valid tool for diagnosis. Conservative management includes capecitabine withdrawal, antidiarrheal therapy and endovenous hydration, together with dietary modifications and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Pelvic irradiation represents an adjunctive risk factor, which may increase the likelihood of occurrence of terminal ileitis. Early recognition and prompt intervention are crucial for successful clinical management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

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14 pages, 863 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Values and Cardiac Radiation Doses in Patients with Left-Sided Breast Cancer Undergoing Hypofractionated Adjuvant Radiotherapy with Concurrent Anti-HER2 Therapy

by Katarina Antunac, Ljiljana Mayer, Marija Banovic and Lidija Beketic-Oreskovic

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9049-9062; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100654 - 06 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1120

Abstract

Anti HER2 therapy and left breast adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) can both result in cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of radiation dose on cardiac structures on the values of the early cardiotoxicity marker high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I [...] Read more.

Anti HER2 therapy and left breast adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) can both result in cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of radiation dose on cardiac structures on the values of the early cardiotoxicity marker high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hscTnI) in patients with HER2-positive left breast cancer undergoing adjuvant concomitant antiHER2 therapy and radiotherapy, and to establish a correlation between the hscTnI values and cardiac radiation doses. Sixty-one patients underwent left breast hypofractionated radiotherapy in parallel with anti-HER2 therapy: trastuzumab, combined trastuzumab–pertuzumab or trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). The hscTnI values were measured prior to and upon completion of radiotherapy. A significant increase in hscTnI was defined as >30% from baseline, with the second value being 4 ng/L or higher. Dose volume histograms (DVH) were generated for the heart, left ventricle (LV) and left anterior descending artery (LAD). The hscTnI levels were corelated with radiation doses on cardiac structures. An increase in hscTnI values was observed in 17 patients (Group 1). These patients had significantly higher mean radiation doses for the heart (p = 0.02), LV (p = 0.03) and LAD (p = 0.04), and AUC for heart and LV (p = 0.01), than patients without hscTnI increase (Group 2). The patients in Group 1 also had larger volumes of heart and LV receiving 2 Gy (p = 0.01 for both) and 4 Gy (p = 0.02 for both). LAD differences were observed in volumes receiving 2 Gy (p = 0.03), 4 Gy (p = 0.02) and 5 Gy (p = 0.02). The increase in hscTnI observed in patients receiving anti-HER2 therapy after adjuvant RT was positively associated with radiation doses on the heart, LV and LAD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Cancer: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach from Imaging to Therapy)

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10 pages, 11235 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Double Duty: Complete Pathologic Response of Two Colonic Primaries with Mosaicism of a Novel MLH1 Mutation to Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab

by Beatrice Preti, Laila Schenkel, Matthew Cecchini, Tommaso Romagnoli, Michael Susmoy Sanatani, Karissa French, Patrick Colquhoun and Mark David Vincent

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9039-9048; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100653 - 06 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1396

Abstract

We present a fascinating case of a 57-year-old male with a novel mutation in MLH1 (MLH1:c.1288G > T, p.(Glu430*)), who presented with two synchronous colonic tumours, initially deemed unresectable, and experienced a complete pathological response on neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. Extensive genetic testing [...] Read more.

We present a fascinating case of a 57-year-old male with a novel mutation in MLH1 (MLH1:c.1288G > T, p.(Glu430*)), who presented with two synchronous colonic tumours, initially deemed unresectable, and experienced a complete pathological response on neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. Extensive genetic testing revealed post-zygotic mosaicism from the novel mutation. Full article

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11 pages, 301 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pretreatment Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients

by Veronika Juríčková, Dan Fayette, Juraj Jonáš, Iveta Fajnerová, Tomáš Kozák and Jiří Horáček

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9028-9038; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100652 - 05 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1316

Abstract

Background: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is one of the most serious side effects of cancer that negatively impacts the quality of life of cancer patients and survivors. There is evidence of CRCI in Hodgkin lymphoma patients (HL); however, there is a lack of [...] Read more.

Background: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is one of the most serious side effects of cancer that negatively impacts the quality of life of cancer patients and survivors. There is evidence of CRCI in Hodgkin lymphoma patients (HL); however, there is a lack of studies examining the presence of cognitive deficits before starting any treatment in HL patients. Methods: Forty adult patients (N = 40) newly diagnosed with HL (with no previous cancer diagnoses) and 40 healthy controls (N = 40) matched for age, sex, education, and premorbid intellect completed the neuropsychological battery and subjective and objective measures of affective distress and quality of life. Results: The results showed impairment in three out of six cognitive domains: verbal memory and learning, speed of processing/psychomotor speed, and abstraction/executive functions in the HL patients before the initiation of any treatment. The speed of processing/psychomotor speed domain is negatively correlated with depression. Conclusion: Cognitive deterioration in verbal memory and learning and abstraction/executive functions domains in HL patients seems to occur before the initiation of treatment independently of anxiety, depression, or physical symptoms. This suggests that HL itself may cause cognitive deficits in these cognitive domains. However, the underlying causes of CRCI still remain unclear. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Life of Cancer Survivor)

9 pages, 6466 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Müllerian-Type Clear Cell Carcinoma of Donor Origin in a Male Patient with a Kidney Transplant: Ascertained by Molecular Testing

by J. Bryan Iorgulescu, Leah K. Shaw, Asif Rashid, Priya Rao, Sreedhar Mandayam, Keyur P. Patel, Kathleen M. Schmeler, Richard K. Yang and Pavlos Msaouel

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9019-9027; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100651 - 05 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1574

Abstract

Clear cell carcinomas of Müllerian origin have a strong female predominance and only extremely rarely will arise within the kidney, presumably due to ectopic Müllerian embryogenesis. Herein, we report a unique case of metastatic Müllerian type clear cell carcinoma in a 37-year-old patient [...] Read more.

Clear cell carcinomas of Müllerian origin have a strong female predominance and only extremely rarely will arise within the kidney, presumably due to ectopic Müllerian embryogenesis. Herein, we report a unique case of metastatic Müllerian type clear cell carcinoma in a 37-year-old patient who had previously received a transplanted kidney from his father at age 11 (due to severe bilateral vesicoureteral reflux) and remained on chronic immunosuppression. The tumor was highly aggressive and demonstrated somatic mutations in NF2 and SETD2. Imaging of the transplanted kidney did not reveal any clear evidence of malignancy. However, targeted multigene sequencing and short tandem repeat testing revealed that the cancer was of donor origin, presumably from ectopic Müllerian tissue transplanted to the patient along with the kidney graft. The tumor was resistant to first-line therapy with a triple combination of carboplatin plus paclitaxel plus bevacizumab, as well as to second-line immunotherapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab after tapering down the patient’s immunosuppression. Despite the tumor being genetically distinct from the host, the use of immune checkpoint therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab did not yield a response. This unique case showcases the value of molecular testing in determining the tumor origin in patients with solid organ transplants who present with cancers of unknown primary. This can prompt the potential investigation of other recipients from the same donor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Oncology)

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15 pages, 2219 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mapping the Scientific Landscape of Bacterial Influence on Oral Cancer: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Last Decade’s Medical Progress

by Suh-Woan Hu, Jaw-Ji Yang and Yuh-Yih Lin

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9004-9018; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100650 - 05 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1367

Abstract

The research domain investigating bacterial factors in the development of oral cancer from January 2013 to December 2022 was examined with a bibliometric analysis. A bibliometric analysis is a mathematical and statistical method used to examine extensive datasets. It assesses the connections between [...] Read more.

The research domain investigating bacterial factors in the development of oral cancer from January 2013 to December 2022 was examined with a bibliometric analysis. A bibliometric analysis is a mathematical and statistical method used to examine extensive datasets. It assesses the connections between prolific authors, journals, institutions, and countries while also identifying commonly used keywords. A comprehensive search strategy identified 167 relevant articles, revealing a progressive increase in publications and citations over time. China and the United States were the leading countries in research productivity, while Harvard University and the University of Helsinki were prominent affiliations. Prolific authors such as Nezar Al-Hebshi, Tsute Chen, and Yaping Pan were identified. The analysis also highlights the contributions of different journals and identifies the top 10 most cited articles in the field, all of which focus primarily on molecular research. The article of the highest citation explored the role of a Fusobacterium nucleatum surface protein in tumor immune evasion. Other top-cited articles investigated the correlation between the oral bacteriome and cancer using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, showing microbial shifts associated with oral cancer development. The functional prediction analysis used by recent studies has further revealed an inflammatory bacteriome associated with carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a keyword analysis reveals four distinct research themes: cancer mechanisms, periodontitis and microbiome, inflammation and Fusobacterium, and risk factors. This analysis provides an objective assessment of the research landscape, offers valuable information, and serves as a resource for researchers to advance knowledge and collaboration in the search for the influence of bacteria on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of oral cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Molecular and Cellular Studies in Oral Diseases)

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12 pages, 2031 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

A Review of the Clinical Features and Management of Systemic Congenital Mastocytosis through the Presentation of An Unusual Prenatal-Onset Case

by Valérie Larouche, Marie-Frédérique Paré, Pierre-Olivier Grenier, Anna Wieckowska, Eric Gagné, Rachel Laframboise, Nada Jabado and Isabelle De Bie

Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 8992-9003; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100649 - 03 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1456

Abstract

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of rare hematological disorders that can occur in infancy. We report a 16-year-old girl who presented with an aggressive form of systemic congenital mastocytosis, associated with a significant global developmental delay, deafness, and multiple anomalies. At 4 years [...] Read more.

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of rare hematological disorders that can occur in infancy. We report a 16-year-old girl who presented with an aggressive form of systemic congenital mastocytosis, associated with a significant global developmental delay, deafness, and multiple anomalies. At 4 years of age, she developed a germinoma presenting as an invasive spinal mass. Extensive cytogenetic, metabolic, and molecular genetic studies that included whole-exome sequencing studies revealed a KIT alteration (NM_000222.3(KIT):c2447A > 7 pAsp816Val) and likely pathogenic variant in the DNA from peripheral blood and skin lesions. C-kit was also found to be overexpressed in the spinal tumor cells. We compared the features of this child to those of six previously reported pediatric patients with cutaneous mastocytosis, microcephaly, microtia, and/or hearing loss reported in OMIM as mastocytosis, conductive hearing loss, and microtia (MIM 248910), for which the etiology has not yet been determined. This report extends the currently recognized spectrum of KIT-related disorders and provides clues as to the potential etiology of a syndromic form of congenital mastocytosis. International efforts to understand the benefits of long-term targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for this KIT-altered rare disease should continue to be evaluated in clinical trials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology)

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