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Current Oncology
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Evolution of Treatments of Prostate Cancer: From Biology to Current...
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Evolution of Treatments of Prostate Cancer: From Biology to Current Advanced Technologies

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729). This special issue belongs to the section "Genitourinary Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 5437

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fernando Munoz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Head Radiation Oncology, Ospedale Regionale di Aosta, Aosta, Italy
Interests: radiation therapy; prostate cancer; combination therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer among men in the United States and most Western countries. PC has a particular propensity to metastasize to lymph nodes and bones. New molecular therapies are currently being developed to target specific steps of the metastatic process. However, to date, none of these therapies have radically improved survival. We need to understand the biology of the disease in order to develop combination therapies that address multiple pathways that support the progression of prostate cancer in order to improve survival and quality of life.

Technological advances such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) have improved the delivery of radiotherapy through modifications in dose fractionation and treatment target volumes. However, radiation oncologists have traditionally delivered homogenous doses for any given disease. Given the presence of heterogeneous tumor biology within a particular disease population, it is reasonable to hypothesize that there are subpopulations of patients for whom the therapeutic index of radiotherapy is not sufficiently optimized. This point likely explains the results of clinical trials in which uniform dose escalation has not proven to be consistently effective across multiple disease sites and stages of disease.

Yet, adaptive and modern planning techniques in the delivery of radiotherapy based on differences in intrinsic tumor biology have not been fully explored. For example, unique aspects of the tumor habitat, radiosensitivity, and microenvironment may allow for the development of an even more sophisticated method of adaptive treatment planning.

In summary, in this Special Issue, we will highlight some of the latest concepts in prostate cancer, including clinical advances, biological evolutions and current management strategies for optimal patient care with radiation therapy.

Dr. Fernando Munoz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Oncology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate cancer
  • combination therapy
  • radiation therapy
  • intensity-modulated radiotherapy
  • stereotactic radiotherapy
  • clinical advances
  • biological evolutions

Published Papers (4 papers)

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8 pages, 218 KiB  
Communication
Review on the Role of BRCA Mutations in Genomic Screening and Risk Stratification of Prostate Cancer
by Nikolaos Kalampokis, Christos Zabaftis, Theodoros Spinos, Markos Karavitakis, Ioannis Leotsakos, Ioannis Katafigiotis, Henk van der Poel, Nikolaos Grivas and Dionysios Mitropoulos
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(3), 1162-1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31030086 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1254
Abstract
(1) Background: Somatic and germline alterations can be commonly found in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The aim of our present study was to perform a comprehensive review of the current literature in order to examine the impact of BRCA mutations in the context [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Somatic and germline alterations can be commonly found in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The aim of our present study was to perform a comprehensive review of the current literature in order to examine the impact of BRCA mutations in the context of PCa as well as their significance as genetic biomarkers. (2) Methods: A narrative review of all the available literature was performed. Only “landmark” publications were included. (3) Results: Overall, the number of PCa patients who harbor a BRCA2 mutation range between 1.2% and 3.2%. However, BRCA2 and BRCA1 mutations are responsible for most cases of hereditary PCa, increasing the risk by 3–8.6 times and up to 4 times, respectively. These mutations are correlated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Gene testing should be offered to patients with metastatic PCa, those with 2–3 first-degree relatives with PCa, or those aged < 55 and with one close relative with breast (age ≤ 50 years) or invasive ovarian cancer. (4) Conclusions: The individualized assessment of BRCA mutations is an important tool for the risk stratification of PCa patients. It is also a population screening tool which can guide our risk assessment strategies and achieve better results for our patients and their families. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Treatments of Prostate Cancer: From Biology to Current Advanced Technologies)
10 pages, 1083 KiB  
Article
Quality of Life Longitudinal Evaluation in Prostate Cancer Patients from Radiotherapy Start to 5 Years after IMRT-IGRT
by Angelo Maggio, Tiziana Rancati, Marco Gatti, Domenico Cante, Barbara Avuzzi, Cinzia Bianconi, Fabio Badenchini, Bruno Farina, Paolo Ferrari, Tommaso Giandini, Giuseppe Girelli, Valeria Landoni, Alessandro Magli, Eugenia Moretti, Edoardo Petrucci, Paolo Salmoiraghi, Giuseppe Sanguineti, Elisa Villa, Justyna Magdalena Waskiewicz, Alessia Guarneri, Riccardo Valdagni, Claudio Fiorino and Cesare Cozzariniadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(2), 839-848; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31020062 - 01 Feb 2024
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Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study the evolution of quality of life (QoL) in the first 5 years following Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer (PCa) and to determine possible associations with clinical/treatment data. Material and methods: Patients were [...] Read more.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study the evolution of quality of life (QoL) in the first 5 years following Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer (PCa) and to determine possible associations with clinical/treatment data. Material and methods: Patients were enrolled in a prospective multicentre observational trial in 2010-2014 and treated with conventional (74–80 Gy, 1.8–2 Gy/fr) or moderately hypofractionated IMRT (65–75.2 Gy, 2.2–2.7 Gy/fr). QoL was evaluated by means of EORTC QLQ-C30 at baseline, at radiation therapy (RT) end, and every 6 months up to 5 years after IMRT end. Fourteen QoL dimensions were investigated separately. The longitudinal evaluation of QoL was analysed by means of Analysis of variances (ANOVA) for multiple measures. Results: A total of 391 patients with complete sets of questionnaires across 5 years were available. The longitudinal analysis showed a trend toward the significant worsening of QoL at RT end for global health, physical and role functioning, fatigue, appetite loss, diarrhoea, and pain. QoL worsening was recovered within 6 months from RT end, with the only exception being physical functioning. Based on ANOVA, the most impaired time point was RT end. QoL dimension analysis at this time indicated that acute Grade ≥ 2 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity significantly impacted global health, physical and role functioning, fatigue, appetite loss, diarrhoea, and pain. Acute Grade ≥ 2 genitourinary (GU) toxicity resulted in lower role functioning and higher pain. Prophylactic lymph-nodal irradiation (WPRT) resulted in significantly lower QoL for global health, fatigue, appetite loss, and diarrhoea; lower pain with the use of neoadjuvant/concomitant hormonal therapy; and lower fatigue with the use of an anti-androgen. Conclusions: In this prospective, longitudinal, observational study, high radiation IMRT doses delivered for PCa led to a temporary worsening of QoL, which tended to be completely resolved at six months. Such transient worsening was mostly associated with acute GI/GU toxicity, WPRT, and higher prescription doses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Treatments of Prostate Cancer: From Biology to Current Advanced Technologies)
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12 pages, 2044 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Analysis of Prostate MRI: Correlation between Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Parameters
by Moon-Hyung Choi, Young-Joon Lee, Dongyeob Han and Dong-Hyun Kim
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(12), 10299-10310; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30120750 - 04 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1069
Abstract
This research aimed to assess the relationship between contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) values and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI parameters including (Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and iAUC). To evaluate the correlation between the MRF-derived values (T1 and [...] Read more.
This research aimed to assess the relationship between contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) values and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI parameters including (Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and iAUC). To evaluate the correlation between the MRF-derived values (T1 and T2 values, CE T1 and T2 values, T1 and T2 change) and DCE-MRI parameters and the differences in the parameters between prostate cancer and noncancer lesions in 68 patients, two radiologists independently drew regions-of-interest (ROIs) at the focal prostate lesions. Prostate cancer was identified in 75% (51/68) of patients. The CE T2 value was significantly lower in prostate cancer than in noncancer lesions in the peripheral zone and transition zone. Ktrans, Kep, and iAUC were significantly higher in prostate cancer than noncancer lesions in the peripheral zone (p < 0.05), but not in the transition zone. The CE T1 value was significantly correlated with Ktrans, Ve, and iAUC in prostate cancer, and the CE T2 value was correlated to Ve in noncancer. Some CE MRF values are different between prostate cancer and noncancer tissues and correlate with DCE-MRI parameters. Prostate cancer and noncancer tissues may have different characteristics regarding contrast enhancement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Treatments of Prostate Cancer: From Biology to Current Advanced Technologies)
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14 pages, 2462 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Assessing the Efficacy of PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
by Zakaria Alameddine, Muhammad Rafay Khan Niazi, Anisha Rajavel, Jai Behgal, Praneeth Reddy Keesari, Ghada Araji, Ahmad Mustafa, Chapman Wei, Abdullah Jahangir and Terenig O Terjanian
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(10), 9262-9275; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30100669 - 19 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1561
Abstract
Prostate cancer ranks as the second most common malignancy in males. Prostate cancer progressing on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have been at the forefront of the treatment of CRPC. We aim to [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer ranks as the second most common malignancy in males. Prostate cancer progressing on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have been at the forefront of the treatment of CRPC. We aim to better characterize the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in metastatic CRPC patients treated with PARPis. A systemic review search was conducted using National Clinical Trial (NCT), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Central Cochrane Registry. The improvement in overall survival was statistically significant, favoring PARPis (hazard ratio (HR) 0.855; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.752–0.974; p = 0.018). The improvement in progression-free survival was also statistically significant, with results favoring PARPis (HR 0.626; 95%CI 0.566–0.692; p = 0.000). In a subgroup analysis, similar results were observed where the efficacy of PARPis was evaluated in a subgroup of patients without homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutation, which showed improvement in PFS favoring PARPis (HR 0.747; 95%CI 0.0.637–0.877; p = 0.000). Our meta-analysis of seven RCTs showed that PARPis significantly increased PFS and OS when used with or without antihormonal agents like abiraterone or enzalutamide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Treatments of Prostate Cancer: From Biology to Current Advanced Technologies)
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