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Optical Sensing and Technologies
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Optical Sensing and Technologies

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 5746

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Fan Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: biophotonics; anophotonics; super-resolution microscopic imaging; optical tweezers; single-molecule tracing; nanoluminescence; ghost imaging techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chaohao Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Data Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
Interests: nanophotonics; on-chip imaging; super-resolution; nonlinear; imaging process
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xuchen Shan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: optical tweezers; single-molecule tracing; up-conversion nanoparticles; super-resolution microscopic imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical sensing technologies play key roles in information monitoring, information detection, optical imaging, spectroscopic detection, and other disciplines. Their applications cover technologies such as optics, materials, and imaging—for example, spectral detection technology, compressed sensing imaging technology, optical fiber sensing technology, real-time optical information monitoring system, and so on. The development of optical sensing and technology is also conducive to promoting the development of optical sensing and information detection and leads to a wide range of interdisciplinary applications.

This Special Issue will collect both reviews and original research papers that explore advances in optical sensing and technologies. Topics of interest include but are not limited to the following areas:

  • Optical sensing
  • Optical fiber sensing
  • Spectroscopic detection
  • Optical tweezers
  • Single-molecule tracing
  • Compressed sensing imaging
  • Nanophotonics
  • Optical transducers

Prof. Dr. Fan Wang
Dr. Chaohao Chen
Dr. Xuchen Shan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4803 KiB  
Article
Design and Study of a Two-Dimensional (2D) All-Optical Spatial Mapping Module
by Zhenyu Ma, Haili Yu, Kai Cui, Yang Yu and Chen Tao
Sensors 2024, 24(7), 2219; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072219 - 30 Mar 2024
Viewed by 398
Abstract
Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography is one of the main emerging ultra-fast detection technologies that can be widely applicable to ultra-fast detection at the picosecond level in fields such as materials and life sciences. We propose a new optical structure for an all-optical [...] Read more.
Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography is one of the main emerging ultra-fast detection technologies that can be widely applicable to ultra-fast detection at the picosecond level in fields such as materials and life sciences. We propose a new optical structure for an all-optical spatial mapping module that can control the optical field of two-dimensional imaging while improving spectral resolution and detector sensor utilization. The model of optical parameters based on geometrical optics theory for the given structure has been established, and the theoretical analysis of the inter-frame energy crosstalk caused by incident beam spot width, chromatic aberration, and main errors of the periscope array has been conducted. The optical design of the two-dimensional (2D) all-optical spatial mapping module was finally completed using ZEMAX OpticStudio 2018 software. The results show that our optical module can realize targets of 16 frames and 1.25 nm spectral resolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensing and Technologies)
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13 pages, 916 KiB  
Article
Polymer Waveguide Sensor Based on Evanescent Bragg Grating for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications
by Zhenyu Zhang, Ahmad Abdalwareth, Günter Flachenecker, Martin Angelmahr and Wolfgang Schade
Sensors 2024, 24(4), 1234; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041234 - 15 Feb 2024
Viewed by 795
Abstract
In this work, an evanescent Bragg grating sensor inscribed in a few-mode planar polymer waveguide was integrated into microchannel structures and characterized by various chemical applications. The planar waveguide and the microchannels consisted of epoxide-based polymers. The Bragg grating structure was postprocessed by [...] Read more.
In this work, an evanescent Bragg grating sensor inscribed in a few-mode planar polymer waveguide was integrated into microchannel structures and characterized by various chemical applications. The planar waveguide and the microchannels consisted of epoxide-based polymers. The Bragg grating structure was postprocessed by using point-by-point direct inscription technology. By monitoring the central wavelength shift of the reflected Bragg signal, the sensor showed a temperature sensitivity of −47.75 pm/K. Moreover, the functionality of the evanescent field-based measurements is demonstrated with two application examples: the refractive index sensing of different aqueous solutions and gas-phase hydrogen concentration detection. For the latter application, the sensor was additionally coated with a functional layer based on palladium nanoparticles. During the refractive index sensing measurement, the sensor achieved a sensitivity of 6.5 nm/RIU from air to 99.9% pure isopropyl alcohol. For the gas-phase hydrogen detection, the coated sensor achieved a reproducible concentration detection up to 4 vol% hydrogen. According to the reported experimental results, the integrated Bragg-grating-based waveguide sensor demonstrates high potential for applications based on the lab-on-a-chip concept. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensing and Technologies)
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12 pages, 1401 KiB  
Article
Optical Sensing Using Hybrid Multilayer Grating Metasurfaces with Customized Spectral Response
by Mahmoud H. Elshorbagy, Alexander Cuadrado and Javier Alda
Sensors 2024, 24(3), 1043; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24031043 - 05 Feb 2024
Viewed by 776
Abstract
Customized metasurfaces allow for controlling optical responses in photonic and optoelectronic devices over a broad band. For sensing applications, the spectral response of an optical device can be narrowed to a few nanometers, which enhances its capabilities to detect environmental changes that shift [...] Read more.
Customized metasurfaces allow for controlling optical responses in photonic and optoelectronic devices over a broad band. For sensing applications, the spectral response of an optical device can be narrowed to a few nanometers, which enhances its capabilities to detect environmental changes that shift the spectral transmission or reflection. These nanophotonic elements are key for the new generation of plasmonic optical sensors with custom responses and custom modes of operation. In our design, the metallic top electrode of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film solar cell is combined with a metasurface fabricated as a hybrid dielectric multilayer grating. This arrangement generates a plasmonic resonance on top of the active layer of the cell, which enhances the optoelectronic response of the system over a very narrow spectral band. Then, the solar cell becomes a sensor with a response that is highly dependent on the optical properties of the medium on top of it. The maximum sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) are SB = 36,707 (mA/W)/RIU and ≈167 RIU−1, respectively, for the 560 nm wavelength using TE polarization. The optical response and the high sensing performance of this device make it suitable for detecting very tiny changes in gas media. This is of great importance for monitoring air quality and thecomposition of gases in closed atmospheres. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensing and Technologies)
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12 pages, 4174 KiB  
Communication
Simultaneous Measurement of Group Refractive Index Dispersion and Thickness of Fused Silica Using a Scanning White Light Interferometer
by Heesu Lee, Seungjin Hwang, Hong Jin Kong, Kyung Hee Hong and Tae Jun Yu
Sensors 2024, 24(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010017 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 690
Abstract
In this study, we simultaneously measured the group refractive index dispersion and thickness of fused silica using a scanning white light interferometer on a spectral range from 800 to 1050 nm. A delay error correction was performed using a He-Ne laser. The accuracy [...] Read more.
In this study, we simultaneously measured the group refractive index dispersion and thickness of fused silica using a scanning white light interferometer on a spectral range from 800 to 1050 nm. A delay error correction was performed using a He-Ne laser. The accuracy of the measured group refractive index dispersion of fused silica, when compared to the temperature-dependent Sellmeier equation, is within 4 × 10−5. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensing and Technologies)
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25 pages, 8646 KiB  
Article
Construction, Spectral Modeling, Parameter Inversion-Based Calibration, and Application of an Echelle Spectrometer
by Yuming Wang, Youshan Qu, Hui Zhao and Xuewu Fan
Sensors 2023, 23(14), 6630; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146630 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1026
Abstract
We have developed a compact, asymmetric three-channel echelle spectrometer with remarkable high-spectral resolution capabilities. In order to achieve the desired spectral resolution, we initially establish a theoretical spectral model based on the two-dimensional coordinates of spot positions corresponding to each wavelength. Next, we [...] Read more.
We have developed a compact, asymmetric three-channel echelle spectrometer with remarkable high-spectral resolution capabilities. In order to achieve the desired spectral resolution, we initially establish a theoretical spectral model based on the two-dimensional coordinates of spot positions corresponding to each wavelength. Next, we present an innovative and refined method for precisely calibrating echelle spectrometers through parameter inversion. Our analysis delves into the complexities of the nonlinear two-dimensional echelle spectrogram. We employ a variety of optimization techniques, such as grid exploration, simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, and genetic simulated annealing (GSA) algorithms, to accurately invert spectrogram parameters. Our proposed GSA algorithm synergistically integrates the strengths of global and local searches, thereby enhancing calibration accuracy. Compared to the conventional grid exploration method, GSA reduces the error function by 22.8%, convergence time by 2.16 times, and calibration accuracy by 7.05 times. Experimental validation involves calibrating a low-pressure mercury lamp, resulting in an average spectral accuracy error of 0.0257 nm after performing crucial parameter inversion. Furthermore, the echelle spectrometer undergoes a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy experiment, demonstrating exceptional spectral resolution and sub-10 ns time-resolved capability. Overall, our research offers a comprehensive and efficient solution for constructing, modeling, calibrating, and applying echelle spectrometers, significantly enhancing calibration accuracy and efficiency. This work contributes to the advancement of spectrometry and opens up new possibilities for high-resolution spectral analysis across various research and industry domains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensing and Technologies)
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12 pages, 4242 KiB  
Communication
Equivalent Electromechanical Model for Quartz Tuning Fork Used in Atomic Force Microscopy
by Rui Lin, Jianqiang Qian, Yingzi Li, Peng Cheng, Cheng Wang, Lei Li, Xiaodong Gao and Wendong Sun
Sensors 2023, 23(8), 3923; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083923 - 12 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1396
Abstract
Quartz tuning forks (QTFs) are self-sensing and possess a high quality factor, allowing them to be used as probes for atomic force microscopes (AFMs) for which they offer nano-scale resolution of sample images. Since recent work has revealed that utilizing higher-order modes of [...] Read more.
Quartz tuning forks (QTFs) are self-sensing and possess a high quality factor, allowing them to be used as probes for atomic force microscopes (AFMs) for which they offer nano-scale resolution of sample images. Since recent work has revealed that utilizing higher-order modes of QTFs can offer better resolution of AFM images and more information on samples, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the vibration characteristics of the first two symmetric eigenmodes of quartz-based probes. In this paper, a model that combines the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the first two symmetric eigenmodes of a QTF is presented. Firstly, the relationships between the resonant frequency, amplitude, and quality factor between the first two symmetric eigenmodes are theoretically derived. Then, a finite element analysis is conducted to estimate the dynamic behaviors of the analyzed QTF. Finally, experimental tests are executed to verify the validity of the proposed model. The results indicate that the proposed model can accurately describe the dynamic properties of a QTF in the first two symmetric eigenmodes either under electrical or mechanical excitation, which will provide a reference for the description of the relationship between the electrical and mechanical responses of the QTF probe in the first two symmetric eigenmodes as well as the optimization of higher modal responses of the QTF sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensing and Technologies)
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