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Processes
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Technological Processes for Chemical and Related Industries
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Technological Processes for Chemical and Related Industries

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 5583

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Piotr Rybarczyk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: air biofiltration; biotrickling filtration; energetic valorization of biomass; ion flotation; precipitate flotation; phytoremediation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The continuous development of technology requires new approaches and demands existing processes to be modified in chemical industry production in order to meet the sustainable usage of materials and circular economy policy. This can be approached via the more efficient use of energy and materials, fulfilling the requirements of the circular economy, increasing the process efficiency, and minimizing impacts on different compartments of the environment.

Researchers are invited to submit both original and review papers. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • technological processes, with a special focus on process tuning to sustainability and circular economy approaches;
  • unit operations for chemical engineering (hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer);
  • technologies and processes for Industry 4.0;
  • processes for gas, liquid, and solid waste management;
  • mitigation of industry-related air, water, and soil pollution, using chemical, physico-chemical, and biological methods (absorption, filtration, biofiltration, phytoremediation, and others);
  • processes for biomass management and valorization towards a broad range of applications;
  • modification and novel processes for the petrochemical industry.

Dr. Piotr Rybarczyk
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chemical industry
  • petrochemical operations
  • chemical synthesis
  • chemical technology
  • chemical engineering
  • circular economy
  • Industry 4.0
  • sustainability in chemical technologies
  • air, water, and soil treatment
  • pollution mitigation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 4751 KiB  
Article
On Using CFD and Experimental Data to Train an Artificial Neural Network to Reconstruct ECVT Images: Application for Fluidized Bed Reactors
by Carlos Montilla, Renaud Ansart, Anass Majji, Ranem Nadir, Emmanuel Cid, David Simoncini and Stephane Negny
Processes 2024, 12(2), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12020386 - 15 Feb 2024
Viewed by 530
Abstract
Electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) is an experimental technique capable of reconstructing 3D solid volume fraction distribution inside a sensing region. This technique has been used in fluidized beds as it allows for accessing data that are very difficult to obtain using other [...] Read more.
Electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) is an experimental technique capable of reconstructing 3D solid volume fraction distribution inside a sensing region. This technique has been used in fluidized beds as it allows for accessing data that are very difficult to obtain using other experimental devices. Recently, artificial neural networks have been proposed as a new type of reconstruction algorithm for ECVT devices. One of the main drawbacks of neural networks is that they need a database containing previously reconstructed images to learn from. Previous works have used databases with very simple or limited configurations that might not be well adapted to the complex dynamics of fluidized bed configurations. In this work, we study two different approaches: a supervised learning approach that uses simulated data as a training database and a reinforcement learning approach that relies only on experimental data. Our results show that both techniques can perform as well as the classical algorithms. However, once the neural networks are trained, the reconstruction process is much faster than the classical algorithms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Processes for Chemical and Related Industries)
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16 pages, 1790 KiB  
Article
The Pursuit of Energy Reduction in Generation of Stable Nanobubbles
by Karol Ulatowski, Andrzej Cecuga and Paweł Sobieszuk
Processes 2023, 11(9), 2739; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092739 - 14 Sep 2023
Viewed by 906
Abstract
The repeatable and cost-efficient generation of nanobubbles is still a challenge. In most cases, the hydrodynamic generation of nanobubbles is used at larger scales. Therefore, every cost reduction possible in nanobubble generation is needed. In this work, we decided to check how the [...] Read more.
The repeatable and cost-efficient generation of nanobubbles is still a challenge. In most cases, the hydrodynamic generation of nanobubbles is used at larger scales. Therefore, every cost reduction possible in nanobubble generation is needed. In this work, we decided to check how the generation of nanobubbles changes when the surrounding liquid properties change. The generation of nanobubbles was carried out in a novel setup, designed by us. We investigated the minimum liquid velocity needed for nanobubble generation and propose correlations describing this based on the physicochemical properties of the liquid and gas phases. As carbon dioxide nanobubbles are commonly used for the treatment of ischemia and chronic wounds, the investigation of their stability enhancement is crucial for the wider public. We investigated the minimum rotation rate of the impeller needed for CO2 nanobubble generation and the influence of a biomedical surfactant (Pluronic P-123) addition and concentration change on the size of nanobubbles and their stability over time. Nanobubbles were stable in the presence of surfactant additions and showed the impact of both changes in generation time and shear stress on their size. We hope that this study will be a step in the direction of the cost-efficient generation of stable carbon dioxide nanobubble dispersions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Processes for Chemical and Related Industries)
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13 pages, 7746 KiB  
Article
Gangue Source Reduction Technology and Process Optimization Based on Underground Coal Gangue Photoelectric Separation
by Wei Zhou, Wanghao Xia, Liangliang Liu, Liansheng Li, Qiuyu Zeng, Shujie Wang and Jinbo Zhu
Processes 2023, 11(9), 2519; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092519 - 22 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 998
Abstract
The precise identification of damp, sticky coal gangue; efficient jet nozzle separation; and process layout in a narrow, restricted space are essential technologies for gangue source reduction based on underground gangue photoelectric separation, which is critical for the long-term growth of coal mines. [...] Read more.
The precise identification of damp, sticky coal gangue; efficient jet nozzle separation; and process layout in a narrow, restricted space are essential technologies for gangue source reduction based on underground gangue photoelectric separation, which is critical for the long-term growth of coal mines. In this paper, the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) method was used to identify the X-ray absorption law of different atoms in coal-based minerals and explore the differences in the microscopic crystal properties of coal gangue; the numerical simulation calculation of four commonly used nozzles—namely, flat, convergent, flat–convergent, and streamline—was carried out using Fluent software for coal gangue jet separation to optimize the nozzle morphology and parameters. The technical characteristics of the underground layout of the photoelectric separation system for coal gangue were expounded, and the technological layout of the separation system was explored. The results showed that the absorption coefficients μ(E) of Al and Si atoms in minerals to X-rays are significantly different, and the XAFS method has the ability to identify coal, gangue, and other minerals. The streamlined nozzle has a long jet core area, slow decay of jet velocity, low gas consumption per unit time, and better performance than the other three types of nozzles. Based on the development and mining system of the Renjiazhuang Coal Mine, three kinds of photoelectric separation system layout schemes of coal gangue were designed, namely centralized layout, distributed layout, and mobile layout. The advantages and disadvantages of each scheme were compared, which enriched the technical means of gangue source reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Processes for Chemical and Related Industries)
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20 pages, 3121 KiB  
Article
Estimating APC Model Parameters for Dynamic Intervals Determined Using Change-Point Detection in Continuous Processes in the Petrochemical Industry
by Yoseb Yu, Minyeob Lee, Chaekyu Lee, Yewon Cheon, Seungyun Baek, Youngmin Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Heechan Jung, Dohyeon Lim, Hyogeun Byun and Jongpil Jeong
Processes 2023, 11(8), 2229; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082229 - 25 Jul 2023
Viewed by 821
Abstract
Several papers have proven that advanced process controller (APC) systems can save more energy in the process than proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller systems. Therefore, implementing an APC system is ultimately beneficial for saving energy in the plant. In a typical APC system deployment, the [...] Read more.
Several papers have proven that advanced process controller (APC) systems can save more energy in the process than proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller systems. Therefore, implementing an APC system is ultimately beneficial for saving energy in the plant. In a typical APC system deployment, the APC model parameters are calculated from dynamic data intervals obtained through the plant test. However, depending on the proficiency of the APC engineer, the results of the plant test and the APC model parameters are implemented differently. To minimize the influence of the APC engineer and calculate universal APC model parameters, a technique is needed to obtain dynamic data without a plant test. In this study, we utilize time-series data from a real petrochemical plant to determine dynamic intervals and estimate APC model parameters, which have not been investigated in previous studies. This involves extracting the data of the dynamic intervals with the smallest mean absolute error (MAE) by utilizing statistical techniques such as pruned exact linear time, linear kernel, and radial basis function kernel of change-point detection (CPD). After that, we fix the hyper parameters at the minimum MAE value and estimate the APC model parameters by training with the data from the dynamic intervals. The estimated APC model parameters are applied to the APC program to compare the APC model fitting rate and verify the accuracy of the APC model parameters in the dynamic intervals obtained through CPD. The final validation of the model fitting rates demonstrates that the identification of the dynamic intervals and the estimation of the APC model parameters through CPD show high accuracy. We show that it is possible to estimate APC model parameters from dynamic intervals determined by CPD without a plant test. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Processes for Chemical and Related Industries)
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13 pages, 2091 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Physicochemical Characteristics of Chitosan-Based Polyurethane Flexible Foams
by Agnieszka Piotrowska-Kirschling, Adam Olszewski, Jakub Karczewski, Łukasz Piszczyk and Joanna Brzeska
Processes 2021, 9(8), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081394 - 12 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1898
Abstract
The use of shrimp waste to obtain chitosan (Ch) is an essential issue, considering a circular economy, waste management, and its application to environmentally friendly materials. In this study, northern prawn shells were utilized to obtain Ch, which could then be used for [...] Read more.
The use of shrimp waste to obtain chitosan (Ch) is an essential issue, considering a circular economy, waste management, and its application to environmentally friendly materials. In this study, northern prawn shells were utilized to obtain Ch, which could then be used for synthesizing chitosan-based polyurethane (PUR+Ch) foams with different Ch concentration. The chemical structure, morphology, hardness, thermal properties, viscoelastic properties, and sorption properties in relation to oil and water of these materials were determined. The results present that the addition of Ch into PUR influences the physicochemical characteristics and properties of the tested materials. PUR+Ch foams with 1–3 wt% Ch had more open cells and were softer than neat PUR. PUR+Ch1 had the best thermal properties. PUR+Ch2 foam with 2 wt% Ch as a whole was characterized as having the highest water sorption. The PUR+Ch1 foam with 1 wt% Ch had the best oil sorption. This paper shows that the modification of PUR by Ch is a very promising solution, and PUR+Ch foams can be applied in the water treatment of oil spills, which can be dangerous to the water environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Processes for Chemical and Related Industries)
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