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Dietary Polyphenols and Metabolic Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2023) | Viewed by 7702

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Dr. Katsuhiko Takahashi

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Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
Interests: cell cycle; knockout mouse; placenta; heparanase; vitamin A; long-chain unsaturated fatty acids; vitamin D; nuclear receptor; osteoblast; bone metabolism; amino acid transporter; anticancer drug; p57Kip2; protein kinase A; intracellular lipid droplets; A-kinase; pin 1; metabolic syndrome; prolil isomerase; ADRP; notch1; p53; phospholipase; adipogenesis; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic diseases occur when the body's usual metabolic processes are disrupted. The progression of metabolic disease requires the use of therapeutic agents throughout life. More severe cases require a living caregiver. It is ideal to realize the prevention of disease onset the aggravation in foods eaten daily. Recently, the importance of preventing metabolic diseases by ingesting functional foods and their active components has been advocated.

Dietary polyphenols are the most common plant-derived bioactive components in various foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. They are regarded as health-promoting functional foods. Dietary polyphenols exert health benefits that are derived from their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.

This Special Issue will include manuscripts focusing on both the beneficial effects and mechanisms dietary polyphenols have on metabolic disease pathology. The presented materials result from the international scientific cooperation of experts specializing in these issues. The content may be beneficial for clinical practitioners and inspire further innovative research.

Dr. Katsuhiko Takahashi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

polyphenol
diabetes
obesity
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Published Papers (4 papers)

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13 pages, 1885 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GPER/PKA-Dependent Enhancement of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Piceatannol

by Kotoko Arisawa, Ayumi Matsuoka, Natsuki Ozawa, Tomoko Ishikawa, Ikuyo Ichi and Yoko Fujiwara

Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010038 - 21 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 877

Abstract

We previously reported that piceatannol (PIC) had an anti-obesity effect only in ovariectomized (OVX) postmenopausal obesity mice. PIC was found to induce the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (pHSL) in OVX mice. To elucidate the mechanism by which PIC activates HSL, we investigated the effect of PIC using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PIC induced HSL phosphorylation at Ser563 in 3T3-L1 cells, as in vivo experiments showed. pHSL (Ser563) is believed to be activated through the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways; however, the addition of a selective inhibitor of β-AR did not inhibit the effect of PIC. The addition of a PKA inhibitor with PIC blocked pHSL (Ser563), suggesting that the effects are mediated by PKA in a different pathway than β-AR. The addition of G15, a selective inhibitor of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), reduced the activation of HSL by PIC. Furthermore, PIC inhibited insulin signaling and did not induce pHSL (Ser565), which represents its inactive form. These results suggest that PIC acts as a phytoestrogen and phosphorylates HSL through a novel pathway that activates GPER and its downstream PKA, which may be one of the inhibitory actions of PIC on fat accumulation in estrogen deficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Metabolic Diseases)

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15 pages, 3233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prebiotics Together with Raspberry Polyphenolic Extract Mitigate the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases in Zucker Rats

by Bartosz Fotschki, Michał Sójka, Monika Kosmala and Jerzy Juśkiewicz

Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3115; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143115 - 12 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1229

Abstract

Previous studies suggested that dietary supplementation with prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and polyphenols could mitigate disorders related to the first stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by an obesogenic diet. Therefore, this experiment aimed to address whether the health-promoting potential of raspberry polyphenols together with FOSs can regulate advanced-stage NAFLD in Zucker rats genetically predisposed to develop obesity. The addition of FOSs and raspberry polyphenolic extract to the diet reduced liver fat accumulation and triglyceride, free fatty acid, and total cholesterol levels in the liver. The elevated GSH/GSSG ratio and reduced malondialdehyde content indicated that the liver antioxidant potential was considerably increased. The treatment also lowered the plasma aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and collagen type IV levels. Insulin levels were decreased, but glucose levels remained constant, indicating greater insulin sensitivity. These changes may result from the upregulation of FXR and AHR receptors in the liver, which are responsible for regulating lipid metabolism and glucose and bile acid synthesis. The reduced bile acid levels in the cecal contents confirmed the activation of liver mechanisms. In conclusion, dietary enrichment with FOSs and raspberry polyphenolic extract has sufficient health-promoting potential to regulate liver metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation related to NAFLD development in obese Zucker rats. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Metabolic Diseases)

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20 pages, 2788 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Geraniin Ameliorates Hypertensive Vascular Remodelling in a Diet-Induced Obese Animal Model through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

by Boon Hee Goh, Hong Sheng Cheng, Pricilla Tracy A/P A. Alexandra, Kang-Nee Ting, Uma Devi Palanisamy and Joash Ban Lee Tan

Nutrients 2023, 15(12), 2696; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122696 - 9 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1480

Abstract

Geraniin, an ellagitannin, has shown a potent blood pressure-lowering effect in vivo. Therefore, this study aims to further characterize the ability of geraniin to attenuate hypertensive vascular dysfunction, a key feature of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats through feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, followed by oral administration of 25 mg/kg/day geraniin for four weeks. The parameters of vascular dysfunction such as the structure and function of blood vessels as well as the vascular oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated. The outcomes of geraniin-treated rats were compared with those of untreated rats on either a normal diet (ND) or HFD and with HFD-fed rats treated with captopril (40 mg/kg/day). We found that geraniin supplementation effectively ameliorated HFD-induced hypertension and abnormal remodelling of the thoracic aorta by suppressing excessive vascular superoxide (O₂⁻) radical generation and overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the circulating leukocytes. Furthermore, compared to the ND-fed rats, geraniin also independently promoted the significant enlargement of the thoracic aortic lumen for blood pressure reduction. Notably, the vascular benefits of geraniin were comparable to that of captopril. Collectively, these data suggest that geraniin can mitigate hypertensive vascular remodelling caused by overnutrition, which potentially abrogates the further development of CVDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Metabolic Diseases)

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13 pages, 1323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

One-Week Elderberry Juice Treatment Increases Carbohydrate Oxidation after a Meal Tolerance Test and Is Well Tolerated in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

by Bret M. Rust, Joseph O. Riordan, Franck G. Carbonero and Patrick M. Solverson

Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2072; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092072 - 25 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3718

Abstract

Obesity in the United States continues to worsen. Anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables provide a pragmatic dietary approach to slow its metabolic complications. Given American diet patterns, foods with high anthocyanin content could address dose-response challenges. The study objective was to determine the effect of 100% elderberry juice on measures of indirect calorimetry (IC) and insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance in a placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover pilot study. Overweight and obese adults were randomized to a 5-week study which included 2 1-week periods of twice-daily elderberry juice (EBJ) or sugar-matched placebo consumption separated by a 3-week washout period. Following each 1-week test period, IC and insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance was measured with a 3 h meal tolerance test (MTT). Treatment differences were tested with linear mixed modeling. A total of 22 prospective study volunteers (18 F/4 M) attended recruitment meetings, and 9 were analyzed for treatment differences. EBJ was well tolerated and compliance was 99.6%. A total of 6 IC measures (intervals) were created, which coincided with 10–20 min gaseous samplings in-between MTT blood samplings. Average CHO oxidation was significantly higher during the MTT after 1-week EBJ consumption (3.38 vs. 2.88 g per interval, EBJ vs. placebo, p = 0.0113). Conversely, average fat oxidation was significantly higher during the MTT after 1-week placebo consumption (1.17 vs. 1.47 g per interval, EBJ vs. placebo, p = 0.0189). This was in-line with a significantly lower average respiratory quotient after placebo treatment (0.87 vs. 0.84, EBJ vs. placebo, p = 0.0114). Energy expenditure was not different. There was no difference in serum glucose or insulin response between treatments. This pilot study of free-living volunteers describes significant change in IC but not insulin sensitivity with an EBJ intervention. Controlled feeding and increased sample size will help determine the utility of EBJ on these outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Polyphenols and Metabolic Diseases)

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