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Effect of Nutritional Supplement on Substrate Oxidation and Inflammation in Endurance Exercise

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2022) | Viewed by 4824

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
Interests: resistance exercise; endurance exercise; sprint exercise; hypoxia; heat acclimation; iron metabolism; energy availability; muscle glycogen; glucose metabolism; fat metabolism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbohydrate consumption has been known to be associated with exercise performance since the early 20th century. The availability of carbohydrate as a substrate for skeletal muscle contraction and the central nervous system (e.g., the brain) is important for exercise performance in endurance sports. Performance-enhancing effects are often achieved by intaking carbohydrates before exercise to replenish muscle and liver glycogen stores and to maintain blood glucose levels and glucose oxidation rates during prolonged exercise. Along with carbohydrate, fat is also an important fuel for energy metabolism. Research has proved that as the total energy demand of the body increases with exercise intensity, the proportion of carbohydrate involved in energy supply gradually increases, while the proportion of fat gradually decreases. As fat stores are much larger than carbohydrates, endurance athletes tend to utilize as much of their fat stores as possible. Researchers, coaches and athletes are trying to develop nutritional strategies to improve fat metabolism and reduce reliance on carbohydrate stores, such as fasting, high-fat/low-carbohydrate diets, etc. Additionally, some nutritional supplements such as caffeine and carnitine are thought to have a positive effect on promoting fat oxidation. Furthermore, carbohydrate is expected to attenuate exercise-induced inflammation. Insufficient carbohydrate intake with decreased muscle and liver glycogen stores facilitates inflammation, which is associated with augmented fatigue and impaired iron metabolism. This special issue aims to collect the latest discussions about the impact of nutritional manipulation on substrate oxidation, fatigue and inflammation in the field of exercise.

Prof. Dr. Kazushige Goto
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • endurance
  • exercise
  • substrate oxidation
  • fat
  • carbohydrate
  • muscle glycogen
  • liver glycogen
  • supplements
  • sports nutrition
  • inflammation
  • fatigue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1363 KiB  
Article
Effect of Green Tea Extract Ingestion on Fat Oxidation during Exercise in the Menstrual Cycle: A Pilot Study
by Akira Ishikawa, Tomoka Matsuda, Hyunjun Gam, Moe Kanno, Mizuki Yamada, Nodoka Ikegami, Akiko Funaki, Hazuki Ogata, Kayoko Kamemoto, Takashi Ichihara and Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga
Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 3896; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193896 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1988
Abstract
In women, fat oxidation during exercise changes with the menstrual cycle. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) ingestion on fat oxidation during exercise depending on the menstrual cycle phase. Ten women with regular menstrual cycles participated in [...] Read more.
In women, fat oxidation during exercise changes with the menstrual cycle. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) ingestion on fat oxidation during exercise depending on the menstrual cycle phase. Ten women with regular menstrual cycles participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover study. GTE or placebo was administered during the menstrual cycle’s follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP). Participants cycled for 30 min at 50% maximal workload, and a respiratory gas analysis was performed. Serum estradiol, progesterone, free fatty acid, plasma noradrenaline, blood glucose, and lactate concentrations were assessed before, during, and after the exercise. Fat oxidation, carbohydrate oxidation, and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were calculated using respiratory gas. Fat oxidation during the exercise was significantly higher in the FP than in the LP with the placebo (p < 0.05) but did not differ between the phases with GTE. Carbohydrate oxidation, serum-free fatty acid, plasma noradrenaline, blood glucose, and lactate concentrations were not significantly different between the phases in either trial. Our results suggest that GTE ingestion improves the decrease in fat oxidation in the LP. Full article
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8 pages, 776 KiB  
Article
Iron Metabolism following Twice a Day Endurance Exercise in Female Long-Distance Runners
by Aya Ishibashi, Naho Maeda, Chihiro Kojima and Kazushige Goto
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1907; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091907 - 2 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2380
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and iron deficiency (ID) are frequently observed among endurance athletes. The iron regulatory hormone hepcidin may be involved in IDA and/or ID. Endurance athletes incorporate multiple training sessions, but the influence of repeated bouts of endurance exercise within the [...] Read more.
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and iron deficiency (ID) are frequently observed among endurance athletes. The iron regulatory hormone hepcidin may be involved in IDA and/or ID. Endurance athletes incorporate multiple training sessions, but the influence of repeated bouts of endurance exercise within the same day on iron metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of twice a day endurance exercise on iron metabolism, including the hepcidin level, in female long-distance runners. Thirteen female long-distance runners participated in this study. They completed the twice-a-day endurance exercise in the morning and afternoon. Blood samples were collected four times in total: at 06:00 (P0), 14:00 (P8), 20:00 (P14), and 06:00 the next day (P24). In addition to the blood variables, nutritional intake was assessed throughout the exercise day. Serum hepcidin levels were significantly elevated (compared to P0) until the following morning (P24). Moreover, dietary analysis revealed that subjects consumed a low volume of carbohydrates (<6 g/kg body mass/day). In conclusion, twice a day endurance exercise resulted in significant elevation of serum hepcidin level 24 h after completion of the exercise in female long-distance runners. Therefore, athletes with a high risk of anemia should pay attention to training frequency and nutritional intake in order to maintain optimal iron metabolism. Full article
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