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Nutrients
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Nutrition-Based Interventions for Neuropsychiatric Diseases in Children
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Nutrition-Based Interventions for Neuropsychiatric Diseases in Children

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 19332

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hans-Willi Clement

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Mental Illness, University Medical Center Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
Interests: nutrition; psychiatry; neurology; child; adolescent
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrition does support our bodies with what is needed for growth and development. The bricks of life, represented in macronutrients and micronutrients do not only have effects on growth and functionality, they also play important roles in the neuropsychiatric development of children and adolescents. Children with Neuropsychiatric Diseases might need individualised composition of their daily meals. Special diets might be helpful such as the ketogenic diet for children with medication refractory epilepsy as a prominent example.

The role of the microbiome in the context of neuropsychiatric disorder may also be important as current results are implicating. Ideas and latest research in this field will hopefully allow to help children with Neuropsychiatric Diseases to improve.

This special issue will focus on the relationship between nutrition and Neuropsychiatric Diseases/development in children as a promising field of research and new discoveries in addition to pharmacological help.

Prof. Dr. Hans-Willi Clement
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • psychiatry
  • neurology
  • child
  • adolescent
  • depression
  • schizophrenia
  • ADHD
  • microbiome
  • epilepsy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1001 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Effects of an Oligoantigenic Diet in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Core Symptomatology
by Greta Walz, Nicola Blazynski, Lukas Frey, Katja Schneider-Momm, Hans-Willi Clement, Reinhold Rauh, Eberhard Schulz, Monica Biscaldi, Christina Clement and Christian Fleischhaker
Nutrients 2022, 14(23), 5111; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235111 - 1 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3624
Abstract
In the early 1920s, it was discovered that nutrition is associated with what is known today as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and that certain foods can worsen the symptoms. In previous studies, approximately 60% of the participants experience at least a 40% reduction in [...] Read more.
In the early 1920s, it was discovered that nutrition is associated with what is known today as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and that certain foods can worsen the symptoms. In previous studies, approximately 60% of the participants experience at least a 40% reduction in ADHD symptoms after an oligoantigenic diet (OD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate ADHD symptoms in children approximately 3.5 years after completing a 4-week oligoantigenic diet. Among 28 participants who completed the 4-week diet, 21 were re-assessed for this study after 3.5 years. The severity of ADHD symptoms was assessed with the ADHD-Rating-Scale-IV (ARS). Of 21 participants, 14 fulfilled the responder criterion, whereas 7 did not. At follow-up, 28% of the participants were taking medication. The mean ARS total score improved significantly from T1: M = 29.62 (SD = 9.80) to T2: M = 15.86 (SD = 8.56) between the time points before and after the diet (d = −1.91). There was also a lower ARS total score at the follow-up T5: M = 16.00 (SD = 10.52) compared to before the diet (d = −1.17). This study shows that individually adjusted nutrition significantly improved the ADHD symptomatology of the participants long-term. This suggests that an oligoantigenic diet with subsequent individual nutritional recommendations could become an additional treatment option for children with ADHD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition-Based Interventions for Neuropsychiatric Diseases in Children)
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19 pages, 1158 KiB  
Article
Physical Complaints Decrease after Following a Few-Foods Diet in Children with ADHD
by Lidy Pelsser, Tim Stobernack and Klaas Frankena
Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3036; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153036 - 24 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4444
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may significantly decrease after following a few-foods diet (FFD). The results of a small randomised controlled trial (RCT) showed that co-occurring physical complaints in children with ADHD decreased as well. To further investigate the effect of an FFD [...] Read more.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may significantly decrease after following a few-foods diet (FFD). The results of a small randomised controlled trial (RCT) showed that co-occurring physical complaints in children with ADHD decreased as well. To further investigate the effect of an FFD on physical complaints, we analysed unpublished data from previously published studies (i.e., ‘Impact of Nutrition on Children with ADHD’ [INCA], an RCT, and ‘Biomarker Research in ADHD: the Impact of Nutrition’ [BRAIN], an open-label trial). In both trials, the association between an FFD, ADHD, and 21 individual physical complaints was assessed. Children either followed a 5-week FFD (the INCA FFD group and BRAIN participants) or received healthy food advice (the INCA control group). The ADHD rating scale and a physical complaint questionnaire were filled in at the start and end of the trials. The INCA results showed, for 10 of 21 complaints, a clinically relevant reduction in the FFD group compared to the control group. The open-label BRAIN results confirmed the outcomes of the FFD group. No association was detected between the decrease in physical complaints and the decrease in ADHD symptoms. The results point toward an association between the FFD and a decrease in thermoregulation problems, gastrointestinal complaints, eczema, and sleep problems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition-Based Interventions for Neuropsychiatric Diseases in Children)
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12 pages, 596 KiB  
Article
Embracing the Nutritional Assessment in Cerebral Palsy: A Toolkit for Healthcare Professionals for Daily Practice
by Carolina Pinto, Rute Borrego, Mafalda Eiró-Gomes, Inês Casimiro, Ana Raposo, Teresa Folha, Daniel Virella and Ana Catarina Moreira
Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1180; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061180 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3175
Abstract
Background: Nutritional status assessment (NSA) can be challenging in children with cerebral palsy (CP). There are high omission rates in national surveillance reports of weight and height information. Alternative methods are used to assess nutritional status that may be unknown to the healthcare [...] Read more.
Background: Nutritional status assessment (NSA) can be challenging in children with cerebral palsy (CP). There are high omission rates in national surveillance reports of weight and height information. Alternative methods are used to assess nutritional status that may be unknown to the healthcare professionals (HCP) who report these children. Caregivers experience challenges when dealing with feeding problems (FP) common in CP. Our aim was to assess the difficulties in NSA which are causing this underreport and to create solutions for registers and caregivers. Methods: An online questionnaire was created for registers. Three meetings with HCP and caregivers were held to discuss problems and solutions regarding NSA and intervention. Results: HCP mentioned difficulty in NSA due to a lack of time, collaboration with others, equipment, and childrens’ motor impairment. Caregivers experienced difficulty in preparing nutritious meals with adapted textures. The creation of educational tools and other strategies were suggested. A toolkit for HCP was created with the weight and height assessment methods described and other for caregivers to deal with common FP. Conclusions: There are several difficulties experienced by HCP that might be overcome with educational tools, such as a toolkit. This will facilitate nutritional assessment and intervention and hopefully reduce underreporting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition-Based Interventions for Neuropsychiatric Diseases in Children)
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10 pages, 742 KiB  
Article
Use of Nutritional Supplements Based on L-Theanine and Vitamin B6 in Children with Tourette Syndrome, with Anxiety Disorders: A Pilot Study
by Renata Rizzo, Adriana Prato, Miriam Scerbo, Federica Saia, Rita Barone and Paolo Curatolo
Nutrients 2022, 14(4), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040852 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7315
Abstract
Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by tics and co-occurring disorders. It has been suggested that anxiety occurs in 2–45% patients affected by Tourette syndrome. Despite dietary and nutritional factors have been found to affect a range of neurological conditions, [...] Read more.
Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by tics and co-occurring disorders. It has been suggested that anxiety occurs in 2–45% patients affected by Tourette syndrome. Despite dietary and nutritional factors have been found to affect a range of neurological conditions, no more studies have investigated the relationship between nutritional supplements and tics. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of supplementation of both L-Theanine and Vitamin B6 in reducing tics and co-occurring disorders in a sample of youth with chronic tic disorder (CTD) or Tourette syndrome with anxiety symptoms. Design: A open-label trial. Patients affected by Tourette syndrome were randomized to receive nutritional supplements based on L-Theanine and vitamin B6, or psychoeducation (PE). Participants: 34 children (30 boys and 4 girls) aged between 4 and 17 years affected by Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder, associated with anxiety symptoms. Results: Patients in both groups showed a reduction in the severity of tic and anxiety symptoms. Supplementation with L-Theanine and vitamin B6 was significantly more effective than psychoeducation in reducing tics and co-occurring disorders, as measured by neuropsychological findings. Conclusions: Supplementation of both L-Theanine and Vitamin B6 may help in the treatment of tic disorders associated with anxious symptoms. Between-group differences in clinician-rated severity did reach statistical significance only for tics. Despite this finding, further placebo-controlled trials are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition-Based Interventions for Neuropsychiatric Diseases in Children)
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