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Nutritional Regulation of Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Disease

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Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue on “ Nutritional Regulation of Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Disease ” is to collect new information on the biochemical and molecular mechanism that modulate the effects of specific nutrients on the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic disease. MetS is a constellation of abnormalities, generally considered to include abdominal obesity, high blood glucose/impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, a pro-inflammatory state and hyperuricemia which together increase the risk for developing type 2 diabetes, CVD, cognitive disorders, age-related macular degeneration and various types of cancers. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to obtain high quality scientific evidence on the effect of specific nutritional strategies focused on the management and preservation of metabolic health, which has become even more of a priority after the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in children and adolescents. Original research articles and reviews focused on the intake, absorption, and metabolism of dietary components useful in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome and chronic disease are welcomed.

Dr. Jose Atilio Canas
Guest Editor

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16 pages, 1501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Serum Nutritional Biomarkers and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in U.S. Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: The Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2006

by Xinwei Peng, Jingjing Zhu, Henry S. Lynn and Xi Zhang

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030553 - 20 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2471

Abstract

Background: There is limited research on the associations between serum nutritional biomarkers and mortality risk in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Existing studies merely investigated the single-biomarker effect. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the combined effect of nutritional biomarker mixtures and mortality risk using the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model in patients with MetS. Methods: We included the MetS patients, defined according to the 2018 Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006. A total of 20 serum nutritional biomarkers were measured and evaluated in this study. The Cox proportional hazard model and restricted cubic spline models were used to evaluate the individual linear and non-linear association of 20 nutritional biomarkers with mortality risk. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to assess the associations between mixture of nutritional biomarkers and mortality risk. Results: A total of 1455 MetS patients had a median age of 50 years (range: 20–85). During a median of 17.1-year follow-up, 453 (24.72%) died: 146 (7.20%) caused by CVD and 87 (5.26%) by cancer. Non-linear and linear analyses indicated that, in total, eight individual biomarkers (α-carotene, β-carotene, bicarbonate, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, potassium, protein, and vitamin A) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality (all p-values < 0.05). Results from BKMR showed an association between the low levels of the mixture of nutritional biomarkers and high risk of all-cause mortality with the estimated effects ranging from 0.04 to 0.14 (referent: medians). α-Carotene (PIP = 0.971) and potassium (PIP = 0.796) were the primary contributors to the combined effect of the biomarker mixture. The nutritional mixture levels were found to be negatively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and positively associated with the risk of cancer mortality. After it was stratified by nutrients, the mixture of vitamins showed a negative association with all-cause and CVD mortality, whereas the mixture of mineral-related biomarkers was positively associated with all-cause and cancer mortality. Conclusion: Our findings support the evidence that nutritional status was associated with long-term health outcomes in MetS patients. It is necessary for MetS patients to be concerned with certain nutritional status (i.e., vitamins and mineral elements). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Regulation of Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Disease)

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14 pages, 942 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Coffee Consumption, Caffeine Intake, and Metabolic Syndrome Severity in Patients with Self-Reported Rheumatoid Arthritis: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2018

by Shuolin Wang, Yingdong Han, He Zhao, Xinxin Han, Yue Yin, Juan Wu, Yun Zhang and Xuejun Zeng

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010107 - 26 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3162

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic inflammatory disease. Although coffee impacts metabolism, no evidence has shown an association between coffee consumption and decreased risk for developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) among RA patients. Hence, we examined the association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome severity among 1094 participants with self-reported RA. Accordingly, patients with MetS z-scores of <0 and ≥0 were designated as low- and high-risk groups, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, drinking over two cups of coffee daily was associated with a decrease in the MetS z-score (p = 0.04). Subgroup analysis showed that in the low-risk group, daily intake of <2 cups of coffee was associated with low MetS z-scores (p = 0.003), scores (p = 0.03). Coffee intake was associated with low body mass index (p = 0.03 for 0–2 cups per day; p = 0.02 for >2 cups per day) and low HOMA-IR (β, −2.62; 95%CI, −5.13 to −0.11; p = 0.04). Our study suggests that coffee, but not decaffeinated coffee consumption and total caffeine intake, is associated with MetS severity in RA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Regulation of Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Disease)

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