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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Advances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
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Advances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 5200

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Luca Roncati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Interests: pathology; gynecological pathology; gynecological malignancies; oncology; gynecological oncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is a strain of coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019, the well-known illness responsible for the ongoing pandemic, which is related to SARS-CoV-1, the aetiologic agent of the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. Just like its predecessor, SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is highly contagious in humans; it mainly enters human cells by binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors. First identified in the city of Wuhan (Hubei, China), the World Health Organization declared its diffusion a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The virus primarily spreads between people through close contact and via aerosols and respiratory droplets that are exhaled when talking, breathing, or otherwise exhaling, as well as those produced from coughs or sneezes. Once in contact with human cells, it gives rise to direct and indirect cytohistological alterations of varying severity, affecting several organs or systems, such as the lungs (oedema, interstitial pneumonia, fungal superinfection, diffuse alveolar damage, and scarring fibrosis), blood vessels (endotheliitis, vasculitis, thrombosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation), heart (myocarditis, pericarditis, and infarction), primary/secondary lymphatic organs (spleen white pulp depletion, immunodepression, herpetic reactivations, naked megakaryocyte nuclei increase, hemophagocytosis, and leukoerythroblastic reaction), skin (pityriasis rosea), liver (fulminant hepatitis and microvesicular steatosis), pancreas (autoimmune pancreatitis), gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain), kidney (acute tubular damage), and brain (stroke, olfactory epithelium shedding, and demyelination). The aim of this Special Issue is to collect research articles (original articles, reviews, case reports, and short communications) addressing the cytohistology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans with clinical–pathological correlations, and novel interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and other microorganisms with anatomopathological implications.

Prof. Dr. Luca Roncati
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2)
  • coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
  • pathology
  • histopathology
  • histology
  • cytopathology
  • cytology
  • morphology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Editorial

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7 pages, 12538 KiB  
Editorial
SARS-CoV-2 Induced Herpes Virus Reactivations and Related Implications in Oncohematology: When Lymphocytopenia Sets in and Immunosurveillance Drops Out
by Luca Roncati, Elizabeth Sweidan, Cyrielle Tchawa, Greta Gianotti, Gianluca Di Massa, Flavia Siciliano and Ambra Paolini
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2223; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092223 - 01 Sep 2023
Viewed by 3040
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a positive-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus contagious in humans and responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection)
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Research

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13 pages, 2588 KiB  
Article
A Real-World Nationwide Study on COVID-19 Trend in Italy during the Autumn–Winter Season of 2020 (before Mass Vaccination) and 2021 (after Mass Vaccination) Integrated with a Retrospective Analysis of the Mortality Burden per Year
by Luca Roncati, Carlo Galeazzi, Giulia Bartolacelli and Stefania Caramaschi
Microorganisms 2024, 12(3), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030435 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 640
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virulence is known to increase with lowering of environmental temperature and solar ultraviolet radiation; therefore, we have focused our real-world nationwide study concerning with COVID-19 trend and dynamics on the coldest seasons of the year in Italy, the Western country hardest hit [...] Read more.
SARS-CoV-2 virulence is known to increase with lowering of environmental temperature and solar ultraviolet radiation; therefore, we have focused our real-world nationwide study concerning with COVID-19 trend and dynamics on the coldest seasons of the year in Italy, the Western country hardest hit at the onset of the pandemic, comparing the autumn–winter of 2020 (before mass vaccination but when the emergency machinery was fully operative in terms of tracing and swabs) with the autumn–winter of 2021 (after mass vaccination), and analyzing the mortality burden by age groups and life stages in the years 2019 (pre-COVID-19), 2020 (before mass vaccination), and 2021 (after mass vaccination). Methods: During the state of national health emergency, the Civil Defense Department released the aggregate data coming from the Higher Institute of Health, the Ministry of Health, the Italian Regions, and the Independent Provinces, to inform the population about the pandemic situation, daily. Among these data, there were the number of contagions, performed swabs, hospitalizations in Intensive Care Units (ICU), non-ICU patients, and deaths. By means of a team effort, we have collected and elaborated all these data, comparing the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy during the autumn–winter of 2020 with the autumn–winter of 2021. Moreover, we have extracted from the database of the National Institute of Statistics the total number of annual deaths in Italy during the years 2019, 2020, and 2021, comparing them to each other in order to evaluate the mortality burden attributable to COVID-19. Results: From the autumn–winter of 2020 to the autumn–winter of 2021, the contagions increased by ≈285%, against a ≈290% increase in the performed swabs; therefore, the mean positivity rate passed from 8.74% before mass vaccination to 8.59% after mass vaccination. The unprecedent vaccination campaign allowed a ≈251% abatement in COVID-19 deaths, and a reduction of ≈224% and ≈228% in daily ICU and non-ICU hospitalizations due to COVID-19, respectively. Regarding COVID-19 deaths, in 2020, there was a mortality excess of ≈14.3% quantifiable in 105,900 more deaths compared to 2019, the pre-COVID-19 year; 103,183 out of 105,900 deaths occurred in older adults (≥60 years), which is equivalent to ≈97.4%, while in adults over 50, the segment of population just below older adults, in 2020, there were 2807 more deaths than in 2019. Surprisingly, from the analysis of our data, it is emerged that in people under the age of 40 in the years 2019, 2020, and 2021, there were 7103, 6808, and 7165 deaths, respectively. This means that in subjects under 40 during 2020, there were 295 fewer deaths than in 2019, while during 2021, there were 357 more deaths than in 2020, equivalent to ≈5.2% more. Conclusions: COVID-19 is a potential life-threatening disease mainly in older adults, as they are the most vulnerable due to inherent immunosenescence and inflammaging. Extensive vaccination in this segment of population with up-to-date vaccines is the means to reduce deaths, hospitalizations, and ICU pressure in the public interest. In the event of future threats, a new mass vaccination campaign should not be implemented without taking into account the individual age; it should primarily be aimed at people over 60 and at patients of any age with immune deficits, and secondly at people over 50. COVID-19 vaccination shows a favorable benefit–risk ratio in older adults, while the balance steps down under the age of 40; this younger segment of the population should be therefore exempt from any mandatory vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection)
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