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Metabolites
Special Issues
Glucose Metabolism Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment
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Glucose Metabolism Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Advances in Metabolomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 10563

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Manfredi Rizzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo UNIPA, 90100 Palermo, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular risk; lipids; diabetes; prevention; therapy; metabolic syndrome; metabolism; lipoproteins; incretins; nutraceuticals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jelena Vekić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: lipids; lipoproteins; atherosclerosis; diabetes; biomarkers; laboratory diagnostics; medical biochemistry
Prof. Dr. José Silva-Nunes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: anthropometry; obesity; diabetes; cardiovascular risk; clinical endocrinology; body composition; cardiovascular

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Glucose metabolism alterations are recognized as one of the most important risk factors for the development and complications of cardiometabolic diseases.

Large epidemiological studies and clinical trials have provided over the years significant evidence that lowering fasting and post-prandial glycemia, as well as ameliorating other indices of glucose metabolism alterations, such as glycated hemoglobin, is an effective approach to reduce cardiometabolic risk.

However, several questions are still present on which parameters should be routinely evaluated in daily clinical practice, as well as on which therapies should be initiated earlier or later. This is also on current debate due to the excellent cardiometabolic risk reduction found by most, but not all, novel antidiabetic drugs. Further research is needed to fully explain the mechanisms involved in the beneficial or in the neutral cardiovascular outcome of the different agents.

In summary, with this Special Issue of Metabolites, it is our aim to critically review available evidence on some of the above listed challenges that need to be met, in order to contribute to a better understanding of glucose metabolism alterations and their effective management and prevention.

Prof. Dr. Manfredi Rizzo
Prof. Dr. Jelena Vekić
Prof. Dr. José Silva-Nunes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • insulin resistance
  • metabolic syndrome
  • diabetes
  • molecular mechanisms
  • metabolic control
  • biomarkers
  • cardiovascular risk factors
  • therapy

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 216 KiB  
Editorial
Glucose Metabolism Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment
by Jelena Vekic, José Silva-Nunes and Manfredi Rizzo
Metabolites 2022, 12(8), 712; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080712 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1526
Abstract
Alterations of glucose metabolism are recognized as one of the most important risk factors for the development and complications of cardiometabolic diseases [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glucose Metabolism Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment)

Research

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11 pages, 423 KiB  
Article
Liraglutide Effectiveness in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from a Real-World Cohort of Portuguese Patients
by José Silva-Nunes, Edite Nascimento, Joana Louro, Jorge Dores, Teresa Laginha, Ana Gonçalves-Ferreira, Marta Alves, Selma B. Souto, Nelson Cunha, Elsa Pina, Rui Duarte and João Filipe Raposo
Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1121; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111121 - 16 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1444
Abstract
Liraglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prescribed to diabetic patients for glycaemic control. To understand the impact of liraglutide in the real-world setting, this study analysed its effects in a Portuguese cohort of Type 2 diabetes patients. This was an observational, [...] Read more.
Liraglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prescribed to diabetic patients for glycaemic control. To understand the impact of liraglutide in the real-world setting, this study analysed its effects in a Portuguese cohort of Type 2 diabetes patients. This was an observational, multicentric, and retrospective study that included 191 liraglutide-treated patients with at least 12 months of treatment. Patients’ data were collected and analysed during a 24-month follow-up period. Overall, liraglutide treatment effectively reduced HbA1c levels from 8.3% to around 7.5%, after 6, 12, and 24 months (p < 0.001). In fact, 38.2%, 37.2%, and 44.8% of patients at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, experienced an HbA1c reduction of at least 1%. Moreover, a persistent reduction in anthropometric features was also observed, with 44.0%, 47.6%, and 54.4% of patients achieving a weight reduction of at least 3% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Finally, significant improvements were observed in the HDL-c and LDL-c levels. Our results demonstrate that liraglutide effectively promoted the reduction of HbA1c values during routine clinical practice, which was sustained throughout the study. In addition, there were significant improvements in anthropometric parameters and other cardiovascular risk factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glucose Metabolism Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment)
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12 pages, 556 KiB  
Article
Does the Hyperglycemia Impact on COVID-19 Outcomes Depend upon the Presence of Diabetes?—An Observational Study
by Inês Manique, Alexandra Abegão Matias, Bruno Bouça, Teresa Rego, Luísa Cortez, Teresa Sabino, António Panarra, Manfredi Rizzo and José Silva-Nunes
Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1116; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111116 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1160
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a major risk factor for COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 infection can worsen glycemic control and may precipitate new-onset diabetes. At-admission hyperglycemia (AH) is a known predictor for worse outcomes in many diseases and seems to have a [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a major risk factor for COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 infection can worsen glycemic control and may precipitate new-onset diabetes. At-admission hyperglycemia (AH) is a known predictor for worse outcomes in many diseases and seems to have a similar effect in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of AH regardless of pre-existing diabetes mellitus and new-onset diabetes diagnosis in the clinical severity of COVID-19 inpatients in the first months of the pandemic. A retrospective monocentric study on 374 COVID-19 inpatients (209 males) was developed to assess associations between AH (blood glucose levels in the Emergency Department or the first 24 h of hospitalization greater than 140 mg/dL) and severity outcomes (disease severity, respiratory support, admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and mortality) in patients with and without diabetes. Considering diabetic patients with AH (N = 68;18.1%) there was a correlation with COVID-19 severity (p = 0.03), invasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.008), and ICU admission (p = 0.026). No correlation was present with any severity outcomes in diabetic patients without AH (N = 33; 8.8%). All of the New-onset Diabetes patients (N = 15; 4%) had AH, and 12 had severe COVID-19; additionally, five patients were admitted to the ICU and three patients died. However, severity outcomes did not reach statistical correlation significance in this group. In nondiabetic patients with AH (N = 51; 13.6%), there was a statistically significant association with the need for oxygen therapy (p = 0.001), invasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.01), and ICU admission (p = 0.03). Our results support data regarding the impact of AH on severity outcomes. It also suggests an effect of AH on the prognosis of COVID-19 inpatients, regardless of the presence of pre-existing diabetes or new-onset diabetes. We reinforce the importance to assess at admission glycemia in all patients admitted with COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glucose Metabolism Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment)
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13 pages, 289 KiB  
Article
Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Cholesterol Metabolism in Women with High-Risk Pregnancies: Possible Implications for Neonatal Outcome
by Aleksandra Zeljković, Daniela Ardalić, Jelena Vekić, Tamara Antonić, Sandra Vladimirov, Manfredi Rizzo, Tamara Gojković, Jasmina Ivanišević, Marija Mihajlović, Sanja Vujčić, Petar Cabunac, Vesna Spasojević-Kalimanovska, Željko Miković and Aleksandra Stefanović
Metabolites 2022, 12(10), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100959 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1483
Abstract
Metabolic disorders in pregnancy, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), are associated with an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcome and long-term cardiometabolic health of mother and child. This study analyzed changes of serum cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers during the course of high-risk [...] Read more.
Metabolic disorders in pregnancy, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), are associated with an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcome and long-term cardiometabolic health of mother and child. This study analyzed changes of serum cholesterol synthesis and absorption markers during the course of high-risk pregnancies, with respect to the development of GDM. Possible associations of maternal lipid biomarkers with neonatal characteristics were also investigated. The study included 63 women with high risk for development of pregnancy complications. Size and proportions of small low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were assessed across trimesters (T1–T3), as well as concentrations of cholesterol synthesis (lathosterol, desmosterol) and absorption markers (campesterol, β-sitosterol). During the study, 15 women developed GDM, while 48 had no complications (non-GDM). As compared to the non-GDM group, women with GDM had significantly higher triglycerides in each trimester, while having a lower HDL-C level in T3. In addition, they had significantly lower levels of β-sitosterol in T3 (p < 0.05). Cholesterol synthesis markers increased across trimesters in both groups. A decrease in serum β-sitosterol levels during the course of pregnancies affected by GDM was observed. The prevalence of small-sized HDL decreased in non-GDM, while in the GDM group remained unchanged across trimesters. Newborn’s size in the non-GDM group was significantly higher (p < 0.01) and inversely associated with proportions of both small, dense LDL and HDL particles (p < 0.05) in maternal plasma in T1. In conclusion, high-risk pregnancies affected by GDM are characterized by altered cholesterol absorption and HDL maturation. Advanced lipid testing may indicate disturbed lipid homeostasis in GDM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glucose Metabolism Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment)

Review

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55 pages, 2727 KiB  
Review
Reconnoitering the Therapeutic Role of Curcumin in Disease Prevention and Treatment: Lessons Learnt and Future Directions
by Bala Mohan Sivani, Mahmoud Azzeh, Rajashree Patnaik, Anca Pantea Stoian, Manfredi Rizzo and Yajnavalka Banerjee
Metabolites 2022, 12(7), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070639 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3755
Abstract
Turmeric is a plant with a very long history of medicinal use across different cultures. Curcumin is the active part of turmeric, which has exhibited various beneficial physiological and pharmacological effects. This review aims to critically appraise the corpus of literature associated with [...] Read more.
Turmeric is a plant with a very long history of medicinal use across different cultures. Curcumin is the active part of turmeric, which has exhibited various beneficial physiological and pharmacological effects. This review aims to critically appraise the corpus of literature associated with the above pharmacological properties of curcumin, with a specific focus on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial properties. We have also reviewed the different extraction strategies currently in practice, highlighting the strengths and drawbacks of each technique. Further, our review also summarizes the clinical trials that have been conducted with curcumin, which will allow the reader to get a quick insight into the disease/patient population of interest with the outcome that was investigated. Lastly, we have also highlighted the research areas that need to be further scrutinized to better grasp curcumin’s beneficial physiological and medicinal properties, which can then be translated to facilitate the design of better bioactive therapeutic leads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glucose Metabolism Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment)
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