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Medicina
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Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19
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Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2022) | Viewed by 13759

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Manfredi Rizzo

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Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo UNIPA, 90100 Palermo, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular risk; lipids; diabetes; prevention; therapy; metabolic syndrome; metabolism; lipoproteins; incretins; nutraceuticals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anca Pantea Stoian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Str., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: diabetes; nutrition; metabolic diseases; chronic kidney disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ali Abbas Rizvi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Interests: metabolic syndrome; diabetes; cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nader Lessan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Imperial College London, London, UK
Interests: diabetes mellitus; hypertension; dietetics; nutritional medicine; diabetes complications; diabetes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

COVID-19 has introduced rapidly evolving aspects to our understanding and management of the whole spectrum of available medical information. Among the medical subspecialties that have been affected uniquely by COVID-19 is the discipline of endocrinology. Indeed, the pandemic has affected multifaceted aspects of endocrine care and, for instance, subjects with diabetes or obesity with SARS CoV-2 infection have been shown worldwide to develop more severe forms of COVID that may require life-sustaining care and hospitalization. In addition, both lifestyle and nutrition during the pandemic were significantly affected, increasing the vulnerability of patients with endocrine disorders.

A considerable jump of a logarithmic scale in the COVID era has been the galactic advances in health care technology, covering telehealth delivery of health care, from initiation in the inpatient setting and transitioning to discharge and outpatient use. It is critically important that a timely and updated compendium be put together of the vast amounts of knowledge and data related to endocrinology that has been gained since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the urgency and complexity of this topic and its impact on both clinical practice and public health, we now launch in Medicina a Special Issue entitled “Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19”, with the aim of gathering together a scientific repository on the association between COVID-19 and endocrine dysfunction.

We are delighted to invite you to submit your original research articles and manuscripts covering basic and clinical research focusing on COVID-19, hormonal perturbations, glucometabolic health, and vaccination for those with endocrine and metabolic diseases. Concise and valuable review articles aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of how the SARS CoV-2 virus has impacted the science of endocrinology are also welcome. We hope that you will also consider adding your experience to the therapeutic armamentarium that exists to combat this modern-day challenge to human health.

Dr. Manfredi Rizzo
Dr. Anca Pantea Stoian
Dr. Ali Abbas Rizvi
Dr. Nader Lessan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • SARS CoV virus
  • endocrine dysfunction
  • hyperglycemia
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • inflammation
  • hormones
  • nutrition
  • lifestyle
  • vaccination

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 260 KiB  
Editorial
Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19: A Rapid Evolution of Knowledge and Care
by Ali A. Rizvi, Anca Pantea Stoian, Nader Lessan and Manfredi Rizzo
Medicina 2021, 57(8), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080805 - 06 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1898
Abstract
American singer-writer and visual artist Bob Dylan produced the song “The Times They Are a-Changin” in the 1960s, which became a rallying cry for the civil rights and anti-war movements in that decade [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19)

Research

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10 pages, 1111 KiB  
Communication
The Role of Physicians’ Digital Tools in Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by Andrej Janež, Rok Ješe, Martin Haluzík and Manfredi Rizzo
Medicina 2022, 58(8), 1061; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081061 - 06 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1468
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The constantly increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the advent of new treatment options have made management of T2DM patients more demanding. We aimed to (a) estimate the familiarity of general practitioners with novel T2DM treatment [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The constantly increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the advent of new treatment options have made management of T2DM patients more demanding. We aimed to (a) estimate the familiarity of general practitioners with novel T2DM treatment options, (b) determine whether a digital tool can aid in their treatment decisions and (c) demonstrate that an evidence-based digital clinical support tool can be made using an existing digital platform. Materials and methods: This proof-of-concept study consisted of two parts: We first conducted a simple online survey among general practitioners of three European countries to estimate their familiarity with novel T2DM treatment options and to determine whether they believe that a digital tool can aid in their T2DM treatment decisions. We then proceeded to develop a new digital tool that provides quick, evidence-based support for treatment of patients with T2DM using an existing digital platform. Results: The online survey was completed by 129/5278 physicians (94 from Italy, 22 from Czech Republic and 13 from Slovenia). Only 30.7% of all general practitioners reported to be either very or extremely familiar with novel T2DM treatments; the vast majority of participating general practitioners (82.8%) reported that they would find a digital clinical decision support tool for treating T2DM patients either very or extremely useful. A digital tool which features the characteristics deemed most important by the polled physicians was subsequently developed. Conclusions: The results of the online survey showed that familiarity of general practitioners with novel T2DM treatment options is relatively low and that there is a need for digital clinical decision support tools intended to facilitate treatment decisions in T2DM patients. We demonstrated that such a tool can easily be developed using an existing digital platform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19)
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9 pages, 927 KiB  
Article
Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Characteristics of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children and Adolescents during the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vojvodina
by Ivana Vorgučin, Marijana Savin, Đurđina Stanković, Dejan Miljković, Tatjana Ilić, Danijela Simić, Mirjana Vrebalov, Borko Milanović, Nenad Barišić, Vesna Stojanović, Gordana Vijatov-Đurić, Katarina Koprivšek, Gordana Vilotijević-Dautović and Jelena Antić
Medicina 2022, 58(8), 1013; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081013 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2266
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes globally, which has also affected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to determine the incidence of T1DM and the characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during the pandemic comparing [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes globally, which has also affected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to determine the incidence of T1DM and the characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during the pandemic comparing it to pre-pandemic period. Materials and Methods: Data from patients <19 years with newly diagnosed T1DM between 1st January 2017 and 31st December 2021 from four regional centers in Vojvodina were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: In 2021, the highest incidence of T1DM in the last five years was recorded, 17.3/100,000. During the pandemic period (2020–2021), there were 99 new-onset T1DM, of which 42.4% presented in DKA, which is significantly higher than in the pre-pandemic period (34.1%). During the pandemic, symptom duration of T1DM lasted significantly longer than before the COVID-19 period. At the age of 10–14 years, the highest incidence of T1DM and COVID-19, the highest frequency rate of DKA, and severe DKA were observed. Conclusions: The pandemic is associated with a high incidence rate of T1DM, longer duration of symptoms of T1DM, a high frequency of DKA, and a severe DKA at diagnosis. Patients aged 10–14 years are a risk group for the occurrence of T1DM with severe clinical presentation. Additional studies are needed with a longer study period and in a wider geographical area, with data on exposure to COVID-19 infection, the permanence of new-onset T1DM, and the psychosocial impact of the pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19)
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14 pages, 345 KiB  
Article
Psychological Health and Diabetes Self-Management among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes during COVID-19 in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia
by Abdulrhman H. Alkhormi, Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Abdulrahman Hummadi, Wali A. Hakami, Doha H. Alattas, Hassan Q. Alhafaf, Leena E. Kardly and Mulook A. Mashhoor
Medicina 2022, 58(5), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050675 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2825
Abstract
Background and objectives: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia is high and rising steeply. However, the management of type 2 diabetic patients has largely employed a medical approach and ignored the self-care management approach. This observation has even been [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia is high and rising steeply. However, the management of type 2 diabetic patients has largely employed a medical approach and ignored the self-care management approach. This observation has even been obscured further by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the psychological health of these patients. This study aimed to understand the effects of psychological health and DSM on type 2 diabetic patients in the Jazan region during COVID-19. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was employed in this study. Participants were type 2 diabetic patients from the diabetic center at Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The Arabic-translated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Depression and anxiety were higher in females compared to males and were more reported by participants from urban compared to rural settings. Smoking and Khat chewing were inappropriate diabetic self-care management practices while exercising was appropriate. A negative correlation was observed between depression vs. health care utilization, and depression vs. diabetic self-care management. Anxiety results also showed similar findings to that of depression. Additionally, depression and anxiety were easily predicted by urban residence, and diabetic self-care management was predicted by exercise. Conclusions: Adequate self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes is needed. Medical professionals should ensure improved efforts to accurately ascertain how an individual can implement the recommended lifestyle changes and facilitate self-care education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19)

Review

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9 pages, 814 KiB  
Review
Experimental and Emerging Free Fatty Acid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
by Angelo Maria Patti, Rosaria Vincenza Giglio, Nikolaos Papanas, Dragos Serban, Anca Pantea Stoian, Kalliopi Pafili, Khalid Al Rasadi, Kanya Rajagopalan, Ali A. Rizvi, Marcello Ciaccio and Manfredi Rizzo
Medicina 2022, 58(1), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010109 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2343
Abstract
The current management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) includes incretin-based treatments able to enhance insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as improve body mass, inflammation, plasma lipids, blood pressure, and cardiovascular outcomes. Dietary Free Fatty Acids (FFA) regulate metabolic and [...] Read more.
The current management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) includes incretin-based treatments able to enhance insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as improve body mass, inflammation, plasma lipids, blood pressure, and cardiovascular outcomes. Dietary Free Fatty Acids (FFA) regulate metabolic and anti-inflammatory processes through their action on incretins. Selective synthetic ligands for FFA1-4 receptors have been developed as potential treatments for T2DM. To comprehensively review the available evidence for the potential role of FFA receptor agonists in the treatment of T2DM, we performed an electronic database search assessing the association between FFAs, T2DM, inflammation, and incretins. Evidence indicates that FFA1-4 agonism increases insulin sensitivity, induces body mass loss, reduces inflammation, and has beneficial metabolic effects. There is a strong inter-relationship between FFAs and incretins. FFA receptor agonism represents a potential target for the treatment of T2DM and may provide an avenue for the management of cardiometabolic risk in susceptible individuals. Further research promises to shed more light on this emerging topic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19)
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Other

2 pages, 240 KiB  
Commentary
Inherited/Genetically-Associated Pheochromocytoma/ Paraganglioma Syndromes and COVID-19
by Ioannis Ilias, Gregory Kaltsas, Konstantinos Barkas and George P. Chrousos
Medicina 2021, 57(10), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101033 - 28 Sep 2021
Viewed by 1702
Abstract
In some subjects with inherited pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPG) syndromes, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) stabilization/activation could lead to an increase in angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE). This would result in the stimulation of angiotensin (AT) II production and, hence, reduce the availability of ACE 2. [...] Read more.
In some subjects with inherited pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPG) syndromes, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) stabilization/activation could lead to an increase in angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE). This would result in the stimulation of angiotensin (AT) II production and, hence, reduce the availability of ACE 2. The latter would provide decreased numbers of binding sites for the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and, therefore, result in less points of viral entry into cells. Thus, subjects with HIF1α-associated PPG syndromes may benefit from an inherent protective effect against COVID-19. Such an implication of HIF1α vis-à-vis COVID-19 could open ways of therapeutic interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19)
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