New Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Hematology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 2172

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Individual Laboratory for Rheumatologic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: immunology; immunochemistry; atherosclerosis; metabolic syndrome; vascular medicine; systemic connective tissue diseases

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Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland
Interests: rheumatology; pediatric rheumatology; pediatrics; rare diseases
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Guest Editor
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University, Kraków, Poland
Interests: personalized therapy and psychosocial management of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases; new and emerging therapies for patients with rheumatic autoimmune diseases; epidemiologic trends in rheumatic inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases; development of the hip joint from childhood into late adulthood; cardiovascular burden of inflammatory arthritis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are very heterogenous in terms of frequency, clinical manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms. Epidemiologic data show that approximately 10% of the global population suffers from these disorders and the number of cases is increasing. More than 80 disease entities have been defined with a prevalence ranging from 1% to < 1/106. The peak incidence is usually between the ages of 40 and 50. These diseases are typically characterized by a chronic course with periods of exacerbation and remission, leading, in the most dramatic cases, to permanent disability or even death.

Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are currently believed to be the result of interactions between causative factors (e.g., environmental factors), genetic predisposition, autoantigens, disturbances in self-antigen tolerance and the mechanisms of apoptosis.

Additionally, a very dynamic development of novel therapies has been observed in recent years which significantly influenced patients’ overall survival and quality of life.

However, taken to the immense heterogeneity of etiopathogenic mechanisms, diversity in terms of  susceptibility to the disease, clinical phenotype and disease progression as well as the response to applied drugs, there is an extreme need to individualize health care and therapeutic approach along with further studies to elucidate mechanisms underlying autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.

The aim of this Special Issue is to draw attention to current trends and milestones in the diagnosis, treatment, clinical course and progression assessment, as well as experimental studies on the etiopathogenesis, of these diseases.

We invite colleagues from all over the world to submit original and review papers as well as case reports.

Dr. Katarzyna Fischer
Prof. Dr. Zbigniew Żuber
Prof. Dr. Bogdan Batko
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • autoimmune diseases
  • autoinflammatory diseases
  • etiology
  • pathogenesis
  • diagnosis
  • organ involvement
  • cardiovascular risk
  • imaging diagnostics
  • therapeutic approaches

Published Papers (2 papers)

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9 pages, 1141 KiB  
Case Report
Acute Heart Failure in the Course of Macrophage Activation Syndrome Due to Newly Diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Case Presentation and Literature Review
by Jakub Kuna, Grzegorz Chmielewski, Łukasz Jaśkiewicz and Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk
Medicina 2024, 60(3), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030392 - 26 Feb 2024
Viewed by 785
Abstract
Macrophage activation syndrome is an uncommon yet dangerous and potentially fatal complication of many rheumatic diseases, inducing multiple organ failure, including, although rarely, acute heart failure. In the following paper, we present a case of a 37-year-old woman who, in a short period [...] Read more.
Macrophage activation syndrome is an uncommon yet dangerous and potentially fatal complication of many rheumatic diseases, inducing multiple organ failure, including, although rarely, acute heart failure. In the following paper, we present a case of a 37-year-old woman who, in a short period of time after a gynecological procedure due to fetal death, developed full-blown lupus erythematosus leading to early stages of macrophage activation syndrome with acute heart failure as its main clinical manifestation. We also include herein a brief literature review of the current understanding of diverse macrophage populations and their functions in various organs (focusing especially on the heart muscle), as well as a summary of different attempts at composing concise criteria for diagnosing macrophage activation syndrome. Full article
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6 pages, 585 KiB  
Case Report
Recurrent Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Presenting as Conus Medullaris Syndrome: A Case Report
by Dae-Wook Lee, Seok Kang and Nackhwan Kim
Medicina 2024, 60(1), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010188 - 22 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1062
Abstract
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that typically follows an infection or recent vaccination. Symptoms such as encephalopathy and focal neurological deficits appear weeks after the initial illness, leading to swift and progressive neurological decline. While ADEM in the brain [...] Read more.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that typically follows an infection or recent vaccination. Symptoms such as encephalopathy and focal neurological deficits appear weeks after the initial illness, leading to swift and progressive neurological decline. While ADEM in the brain has been well documented, reports of ADEM, specifically in the spinal cord, are relatively limited. A 58-year-old male presented with rapidly progressive bilateral lower extremity tingling, numbness, and mild gait disturbance approximately two days prior to visiting the emergency room. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a diffuse, longitudinal, high-signal lesion with mild enlargement of the conus and proximal cauda equina. The lesions were predominantly localized in the distal conus and cauda equina, and serial electrodiagnostic studies showed that the lesions progressed toward the proximal conus in tandem with symptom evolution and lacked clear lateralization. The patient was subsequently treated with high-dose steroids for seven days (intravenous methylprednisolone, 1 mg/kg). The patient’s lower extremity weakness gradually improved and he was able to walk independently under supervision three weeks after symptom onset. In this case of spinal ADEM in a middle-aged adult, high-dose steroid treatment led to outstanding neurological recovery from both the initial occurrence and subsequent attacks. Full article
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