New Perspectives on Targeted Therapy in Ovarian Cancer

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Obstetrics and Gynecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 3250

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
2. College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
Interests: drug discovery, anti-VEGF development, biological drug discovery; targeted therapy; pre-clinical trials; glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer; epigenetics; histone modifications; HDAC inhibitors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ovarian cancer is the second most common and the most lethal gynecologic malignancy among women in the western world. Late detection of ovarian cancer is related to the lack of early warning symptoms, and, as a consequence, about 70% of ovarian cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a bad prognosis. It is difficult to cure late-stage ovarian cancer; however, recent advancements in ovarian cancer treatments are helping to make it a manageable chronic disease. This is mostly due to the current progress with surgical technology, contemporary regimens of systemic treatment, as well as the introduction of new drugs. However, many new drugs and treatment strategies are under development. Some of the examples of new drugs under development for ovarian cancer include anti-angiogenic factors, inhibitors of growth factor signaling, polyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, folate receptor inhibitors, and DNA repair strategies. In addition, immunotherapeutic approaches are also being tested. Though many of these new agents and therapeutic approaches are not shown to effectively cure ovarian cancer, they lead to the extension of patients’ survival or the delay of the recurrence, or the stabilization, of the disease.

In this Special Issue of Medicina, we will discuss the current advances in therapy for ovarian cancer, highlight some of the new therapeutic approaches, and their present status.

Prof. Dr. Appu Rathinavelu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Ovarian cancer
  • Biological drugs
  • Targeted therapy
  • Clinical trials
  • Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)
  • anti-EGFR
  • Epigenetics
  • Histone modifications
  • HDAC inhibitors.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 5738 KiB  
Article
Effect of the HDAC Inhibitor on Histone Acetylation and Methyltransferases in A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cells
by Umamaheswari Natarajan, Thiagarajan Venkatesan and Appu Rathinavelu
Medicina 2021, 57(5), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050456 - 07 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2551
Abstract
Background andObjective: Epigenetic modifications are believed to play a significant role in the development of cancer progression, growth, differentiation, and cell death. One of the most popular histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACIs), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), also known as Vorinostat, can directly activate [...] Read more.
Background andObjective: Epigenetic modifications are believed to play a significant role in the development of cancer progression, growth, differentiation, and cell death. One of the most popular histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACIs), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), also known as Vorinostat, can directly activate p21WAF1/CIP1 gene transcription through hyperacetylation of histones by a p53 independent mechanism. In the present investigation, we evaluated the correlation between histone modifications and DNA methyltransferase enzyme levels following SAHA treatments in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Acetylation of histones and methyltransferases levels were analyzed using RT2 profiler PCR array, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence methods in 2D and 3D cell culture systems. Results: The inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC) activities by SAHA can reduce DNA methyl transferases / histone methyl transferases (DNMTs/HMTs) levels through induction of hyperacetylation of histones. Immunofluorescence analysis of cells growing in monolayers and spheroids revealed significant up-regulation of histone acetylation preceding the above-described changes. Conclusions: Our results depict an interesting interplay between histone hyperacetylation and a decrease in methyltransferase levels in ovarian cancer cells, which may have a positive impact on the overall outcomes of cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives on Targeted Therapy in Ovarian Cancer)
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