The Relationship between Diabetes and Cancers and Its Underlying Mechanisms

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2022) | Viewed by 5914

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Interests: type 1 diabetes mellitus; heart failure; pathogenesis of diabetes; technology in diabetes
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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Oncology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Interests: cancer immunotherapy; cancer biomarkers; cardio-oncology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes mellitus and cancer have become public health challenges that have shifted the landscape of disease in recent decades with their swift and continuous increase in prevalence and their significant negative impact on mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. Moreover, the two conditions have been proved to be closely connected—diabetes is associated with a higher risk of several types of cancers such as liver, pancreatic, colon, endometrial, breast, and bladder cancers—and, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, several risk factors are described to be shared by both diabetes and cancers. Among these, we can identify hormonal, inflammatory, or metabolic parameters of type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance, obesity and overweight, metabolic syndrome, physical inactivity, and various dietary patterns, while also multiple antidiabetic drugs have been associated with an impact on the incidence of cancers. 

Given the fact that many questions relating to the interrelation between these two noncommunicable diseases, with paramount importance assigned to modern medicine, remain unanswered, Medicina is launching a Special Issue entitled “The Relationship Between Diabetes and Cancers and Its Underlying Mechanisms”, aiming to set the stage for an evidence-based, comprehensive, and up-to-date collection of information about this topic. We are kindly inviting you and your collaborators to submit your original research or review articles addressing the pathophysiology, clinical impact, or management regarding the inauspicious association between diabetes mellitus and cancers in an effort to minimize the existing gaps in knowledge and to improve patients’ outcomes.

Prof. Dr. Bogdan Timar
Prof. Dr. Serban Negru
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • diabetes mellitus
  • cancer
  • insulin resistance
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • inflammation
  • carcinogenesis

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1721 KiB  
Article
Diabetes Mellitus and Other Predictors for the Successful Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study
by Deiana Roman, Sorin Saftescu, Bogdan Timar, Vlad Avram, Adina Braha, Șerban Negru, Andrei Bercea, Monica Serbulescu, Dorel Popovici and Romulus Timar
Medicina 2022, 58(7), 872; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58070872 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1718
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In the last decades there has been an increasing body of research identifying the positive correlation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and solid malignancies, moreover, having shown DM as an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: In the last decades there has been an increasing body of research identifying the positive correlation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and solid malignancies, moreover, having shown DM as an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of DM on metastatic CRC (mCRC), and to identify possible predictive factors in the successful treatment of mCRC. Materials and Methods: 468 patients with mCRC were included in this retrospective, observational study. A total of 8669 oncological treatment cycles related to 988 distinct chemotherapy lines were analyzed. Data regarding lines of treatment and blood panel values were obtained from the Oncohelp Hospital database. Results: The presence of DM in male patients >70 years was a negative predictor (RR = 1.66 and a p = 0.05). DM seemed to have a detrimental effect in patients whose treatment included bevacizumab (median time to treatment failure -TTF- 94 days for DM+ cases compared to 114 days for DM-patients, p = 0.07). Analysis of treatments including bevacizumab based on DM status revealed lower values of mean TTF in DM+ female patients versus DM-(81.08 days versus 193.09 days, p < 0.001). It was also observed that DM+ patients had a higher mean TTF when undergoing anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor) therapy (median TTF 143 days for DM+ patients versus 97.5 days for those without DM, p = 0.06). Conclusions: The favorable predictive factors identified were the inclusion of antiangiogenic agents, a higher hemoglobin value, a higher lymphocyte count, the inclusion of anti-EGFR treatment for DM+ patients, a higher creatinine, and a higher lymphocyte count in treatment lines that included anti-EGFR treatment. Unfavorable predictive factors were represented by the presence of DM in female patients undergoing antiangiogenic treatment, neutropenia in male patients, the association of oxaliplatin and antiangiogenic agents, and a higher monocyte count in the aforementioned treatment lines. Full article
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Review

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Review
Nutritional Interventions to Improve Cachexia Outcomes in Cancer—A Systematic Review
by Adina Braha, Alin Albai, Bogdan Timar, Șerban Negru, Săftescu Sorin, Deiana Roman and Dorel Popovici
Medicina 2022, 58(7), 966; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58070966 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3822
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of cachexia has increased across all of the cancer types and accounts for up to 20% of cancer-related deaths. This paper is a systematic review of nutritional interventions aiming to improve cachexia outcomes in cancer, focusing on [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of cachexia has increased across all of the cancer types and accounts for up to 20% of cancer-related deaths. This paper is a systematic review of nutritional interventions aiming to improve cachexia outcomes in cancer, focusing on weight gain. Materials and Methods: A search in Medline and Elsevier databases for articles up until the 23 January 2022, was conducted. Results: Out of 5732 screened records, 26 publications were included in the final analysis. Four randomized clinical trials showed a significant body weight (BW) increase in patients treated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), β-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (β-HMB), arginine, and glutamine or marine phospholipids (MPL). An upward BW trend was observed in patients treated with L-carnitine, an Ethanwell/Ethanzyme (EE) regimen enriched with ω-3 fatty acids, micronutrients, probiotics, fish oil, a leucine-rich supplement, or total parental nutrition (TPN) with a high dose of a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA). Conclusions: Although clinical trials relating to large numbers of nutritional supplements present promising data, many trials provided negative results. Further studies investigating the underlying mechanisms of action of these nutritional supplements in cancer cachexia are needed. Early screening for cancer cachexia risk and nutritional intervention in cancer patients before aggravating weight loss may stabilize their weight, preventing cachexia syndrome. According to the GRADE methodology, no positive recommendation for these nutritional supplements may be expressed. Full article
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