Research

Jump to: Review

9 pages, 1951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

N, S, O Self-Doped Carbon Derived from Grapefruit Peel for High-Performance Supercapacitors

by Yi Wang, Liangqun Wang and Xihong Lu

Materials 2023, 16(13), 4577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134577 - 25 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 771

The development of high-capacity carbon for supercapacitors is highly desirable but challenging. In this work, we design a N, S, O self-doped carbon electrode (NSOC-800) with high capacitance and good stability via the carbonization of grapefruit peel via a one-step KOH activation method [...] Read more.

The development of high-capacity carbon for supercapacitors is highly desirable but challenging. In this work, we design a N, S, O self-doped carbon electrode (NSOC-800) with high capacitance and good stability via the carbonization of grapefruit peel via a one-step KOH activation method without extra dopants. The existence of heteroatoms enables the NSOC-800 to have a high specific capacitance of 280 F/g and a great cycling performance, with 90.1% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. Moreover, the symmetric supercapacitor with NSOC-800 electrodes delivers a maximum energy density of 5 Wh/kg with a power density of 473 W/kg. Such a promising method to achieve carbon materials with self-doping heteroatwoms is of great significance for developing highly efficient electrodes for energy storage devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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11 pages, 4074 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optical Properties of Carbon Dots Synthesized by the Hydrothermal Method

by Marfa Egorova, Aleksandra Tomskaya and Svetlana Afanasyevna Smagulova

Materials 2023, 16(11), 4018; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114018 - 27 May 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1933

Abstract

In this study, the optical and structural properties of carbon dots (CDs) synthesized using a hydrothermal method were investigated. CDs were prepared from various precursors such as citric acid (CA), glucose, and birch bark soot. The SEM and AFM results show that the [...] Read more.

In this study, the optical and structural properties of carbon dots (CDs) synthesized using a hydrothermal method were investigated. CDs were prepared from various precursors such as citric acid (CA), glucose, and birch bark soot. The SEM and AFM results show that the CDs are disc-shaped nanoparticles with dimensions of ~7 nm × 2 nm for CDs from CA, ~11 nm × 4 nm for CDs from glucose, and ~16 nm × 6 nm for CDs from soot. The TEM images of CDs from CA showed stripes with a distance of 0.34 nm between them. We assumed that the CDs synthesized from CA and glucose consisted of graphene nanoplates located perpendicular to the disc plane. The synthesized CDs contain oxygen (hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl) and nitrogen (amino, nitro) functional groups. CDs have strong absorption in the ultraviolet region in the range of 200–300 nm. All CDs synthesized from different precursors displayed bright luminescence in the blue-green region of the spectrum (420–565 nm). We found that the luminescence of CDs depended on the synthesis time and type of precursors. The results show that the radiative transitions of electrons occur from two levels with energies ~3.0 eV and ~2.6 eV, which are due to the presence of functional groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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16 pages, 12931 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Expansion and Thermal Conductivity of Ni/Graphene Composite: Molecular Dynamics Simulation

by Ramil T. Murzaev, Karina A. Krylova and Julia A. Baimova

Materials 2023, 16(10), 3747; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103747 - 15 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1707

Abstract

In the present work, the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficients of a new morphology of Ni/graphene composites are studied by molecular dynamics. The matrix of the considered composite is crumpled graphene, which is composed of crumpled graphene flakes of 2–4 nm size [...] Read more.

In the present work, the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficients of a new morphology of Ni/graphene composites are studied by molecular dynamics. The matrix of the considered composite is crumpled graphene, which is composed of crumpled graphene flakes of 2–4 nm size connected by van der Waals force. Pores of the crumpled graphene matrix were filled with small Ni nanoparticles. Three composite structures with different sizes of Ni nanoparticles (or different Ni content—8, 16, and 24 at.% Ni) were considered. The thermal conductivity of Ni/graphene composite was associated with the formation of a crumpled graphene structure (with a high density of wrinkles) during the composite fabrication and with the formation of a contact boundary between the Ni and graphene network. It was found that, the greater the Ni content in the composite, the higher the thermal conductivity. For example, at 300 K,

λ

= 40 W/(mK) for 8 at.% Ni,

λ

= 50 W/(mK) for 16 at.% Ni, and

λ

= 60 W/(mK) for 24 at.% Ni. However, it was shown that thermal conductivity slightly depends on the temperature in a range between 100 and 600 K. The increase in the thermal expansion coefficient from 5 × 10

^{- 6}

K

^{- 1}

, with an increase in the Ni content, to 8 × 10

^{- 6}

K

^{- 1}

is explained by the fact that pure Ni has high thermal conductivity. The results obtained on thermal properties combined with the high mechanical properties of Ni/graphene composites allow us to predict its application for the fabrication of new flexible electronics, supercapacitors, and Li-ion batteries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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15 pages, 3249 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Alumina Hybrid-Filled Phenolic Composite with Enhanced Wear Resistance

by Siti Shuhadah Md Saleh, Mohd Firdaus Omar, Hazizan Md Akil, Muhammad Helmi Abdul Kudus, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Andrei Victor Sandu, Petrica Vizureanu, Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim, Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi, Syarifah Nuraqmar Syed Mahamud, Ion Sandu and Norlin Nosbi

Materials 2023, 16(7), 2772; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072772 - 30 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1377

Abstract

Hybrid fillers can be produced via various methods, such as physical mixing and chemical modification. However, there is a limited number of studies on the effect of hybridisation on the mechanical performance of hybrid filler-reinforced polymer composites, especially in the context of wear [...] Read more.

Hybrid fillers can be produced via various methods, such as physical mixing and chemical modification. However, there is a limited number of studies on the effect of hybridisation on the mechanical performance of hybrid filler-reinforced polymer composites, especially in the context of wear performance. This study investigated the wear resistance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/alumina hybrid-filled phenolic composite, where two hybrid methods were used to produce the CNTs/alumina hybrid filler. The CNTs/alumina (CVD hybrid) was synthesised using the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method, whereas the CNTs-/alumina (physically hybrid) was prepared using the ball milling method. The CNTs/alumina hybrid filler was then used as a filler in the phenolic composites. The composites were prepared using a hot mounting press and then subjected to a dry sliding wear test using a pin-on-disc (POD) tester. The results show that the composite filled with the CVD hybrid filler (HYB composite) had better wear resistance than the composite filled with physically hybrid filler (PHY composite) and pure phenolic. At 5 wt%, the HYB composite showed a 74.68% reduction in wear, while the PHY composite showed a 56.44% reduction in wear compared to pure phenolic. The HYB composite exhibited the lowest average coefficient of friction (COF) compared to the PHY composite and pure phenolic. The average COF decreased with increasing sliding speeds and applied loads. The phenolic composites’ wear and average COF are in the order HYB composite < PHY composite < pure phenolic under all sliding speeds and applied loads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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24 pages, 4105 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hierarchical Biobased Macroporous/Mesoporous Carbon: Fabrication, Characterization and Electrochemical/Ion Exchange Properties

by Mariano M. Bruno, N. Gustavo Cotella and Cesar A. Barbero

Materials 2023, 16(5), 2101; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16052101 - 05 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1440

Abstract

With the goal of improving the mechanical properties of porous hierarchical carbon, cellulosic fiber fabric was incorporated into the resorcinol/formaldehyde (RF) precursor resins. The composites were carbonized in an inert atmosphere, and the carbonization process was monitored by TGA/MS. The mechanical properties, evaluated [...] Read more.

With the goal of improving the mechanical properties of porous hierarchical carbon, cellulosic fiber fabric was incorporated into the resorcinol/formaldehyde (RF) precursor resins. The composites were carbonized in an inert atmosphere, and the carbonization process was monitored by TGA/MS. The mechanical properties, evaluated by nanoindentation, show an increase in the elastic modulus due to the reinforcing effect of the carbonized fiber fabric. It was found that the adsorption of the RF resin precursor onto the fabric stabilizes its porosity (micro and mesopores) during drying while incorporating macropores. The textural properties are evaluated by N₂ adsorption isotherm, which shows a surface area (BET) of 558 m²g⁻¹. The electrochemical properties of the porous carbon are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronocoulometry (CC), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Specific capacitances (in 1 M H₂SO₄) of up to 182 Fg⁻¹ (CV) and 160 Fg⁻¹ (EIS) are measured. The potential-driven ion exchange was evaluated using Probe Bean Deflection techniques. It is observed that ions (protons) are expulsed upon oxidation in acid media by the oxidation of hydroquinone moieties present on the carbon surface. In neutral media, when the potential is varied from values negative to positive of the potential of zero charge, cation release, followed by anion insertion, is found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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8 pages, 1187 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Hybrid Nanocomposite Based on the T-Shaped Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes as a Prospect Material for Triple-Value Memory Cells

by Semyon G. Levitsky, Vladislav V. Shunaev and Olga E. Glukhova

Materials 2022, 15(22), 8175; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228175 - 17 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1240

Abstract

Relying on empirical and quantum chemical methods, a hybrid nanocomposite based on the T-shaped carbon nanotube (CNT) junction and internal fullerene C₆₀ is proposed as a potential triple-value memory cell. The T-shaped CNT provides three potential wells where the internal fullerene can [...] Read more.

Relying on empirical and quantum chemical methods, a hybrid nanocomposite based on the T-shaped carbon nanotube (CNT) junction and internal fullerene C₆₀ is proposed as a potential triple-value memory cell. The T-shaped CNT provides three potential wells where the internal fullerene can be located. The fullerene can move between these wells under the periodic external electric field, whose strength and frequency parameters are identified. The process of the fullerene’s motion control corresponds to the memory cell write operation. The read operation can be realized by determining the fullerene’s position inside the CNT by estimation of the charge transfer between a fullerene and the CNT’s walls. Calculations took into account such external factors as temperature and air environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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11 pages, 7593 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Competitive Formation Zones in Carbon Nanotube Float-Catalysis Synthesis: Growth in Length vs. Growth Suppression

by Vladimir Z. Mordkovich, Aida R. Karaeva, Nikita V. Kazennov, Eduard B. Mitberg, Mariem Nasraoui, Boris A. Kulnitskiy and Vladimir D. Blank

Materials 2022, 15(20), 7377; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207377 - 21 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1406

Abstract

Catalytic synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNT) produces numerous various byproducts such as soot, graphite platelets, catalyst nanoparticles, etc. Identification of the byproduct formation mechanisms would help develop routes to more selective synthesis of better carbon-based materials. This work reports on the identification of [...] Read more.

Catalytic synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNT) produces numerous various byproducts such as soot, graphite platelets, catalyst nanoparticles, etc. Identification of the byproduct formation mechanisms would help develop routes to more selective synthesis of better carbon-based materials. This work reports on the identification of the formation zone and conditions for rather unusual closed multishell carbon nanocapsules in a reactor for float-catalysis synthesis of longer CNT. Structural investigation of the formed nanocapsule material along with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the reactor suggested a nanocapsule formation mechanism, in which CNT embryos are suppressed in growth by the in-reactor turbulence. By means of TEM and FFT investigation, it is found that differently oriented single crystals of γ–Fe₂O₃, which do not have clear connections with each other, determine a spherical surface. The carbon atoms that seep through these joints do not form crystalline graphite layers. The resulting additional product in the form of graphene-coated (γ–Fe/Fe₃C)/γ–Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles can be a lightweight and effective microwave absorber. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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17 pages, 4159 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy and Electronic Properties of Nanostructures Based on the CL-20 Framework with the Replacement of the Carbon Atoms by Silicon and Germanium: A Density Functional Theory Study

by Margarita A. Gimaldinova, Mikhail M. Maslov and Konstantin P. Katin

Materials 2022, 15(19), 6577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196577 - 22 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1425

Abstract

We consider Si_nCL-20 and Ge_nCL-20 systems with carbon atoms replaced by silicon/germanium atoms and their dimers. The physicochemical properties of the silicon/germanium analogs of the high-energy molecule CL-20 and its dimers were determined and studied using density functional theory [...] Read more.

We consider Si_nCL-20 and Ge_nCL-20 systems with carbon atoms replaced by silicon/germanium atoms and their dimers. The physicochemical properties of the silicon/germanium analogs of the high-energy molecule CL-20 and its dimers were determined and studied using density functional theory with the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. It was found that the structure and geometry of Si_nCL-20/Ge_nCL-20 molecules change dramatically with the appearance of Si-/Ge-atoms. The main difference between silicon- or germanium-substituted Si_nCL-20/Ge_nCL-20 molecules and the pure CL-20 molecule is that the NO₂ functional groups make a significant rotation relative to the starting position in the classical molecule, and the effective diameter of the frame of the systems increases with the addition of Si-/Ge-atoms. Thus, the effective framework diameter of a pure CL-20 molecule is 3.208 Å, while the effective diameter of a fully silicon-substituted Si₆CL-20 molecule is 4.125 Å, and this parameter for a fully germanium-substituted Ge₆CL-20 molecule is 4.357 Å. The addition of silicon/germanium atoms to the system leads to a decrease in the binding energy. In detail, the binding energies for CL-20/Si₆CL-20/Ge₆CL-20 molecules are 4.026, 3.699, 3.426 eV/atom, respectively. However, it has been established that the framework maintains stability, with an increase in the number of substituting silicon or germanium atoms. In addition, we designed homodesmotic reactions for the CL-20 molecule and its substituted derivatives Si₆CL-20/Ge₆CL-20, and then determined the strain energy to find out in which case more energy would be released when the framework breaks. Further, we also studied the electronic properties of systems based on CL-20 molecules. It was found that the addition of germanium or silicon atoms instead of carbon leads to a decrease in the size of the HOMO–LUMO gap. Thus, the HOMO–LUMO gaps of the CL-20/Si₆CL-20/Ge₆CL-20 molecules are 5.693, 5.339, and 5.427 eV, respectively. A similar dependence is also observed for CL-20 dimers. So, in this work, we have described in detail the dependence of the physicochemical parameters of CL-20 molecules and their dimers on the types of atoms upon substitution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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17 pages, 2064 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stability of Strained Stanene Compared to That of Graphene

by Igor V. Kosarev, Sergey V. Dmitriev, Alexander S. Semenov and Elena A. Korznikova

Materials 2022, 15(17), 5900; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175900 - 26 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1632

Abstract

Stanene, composed of tin atoms, is a member of 2D-Xenes, two-dimensional single element materials. The properties of the stanene can be changed and improved by applying deformation, and it is important to know the range of in-plane deformation that the stanene can withstand. [...] Read more.

Stanene, composed of tin atoms, is a member of 2D-Xenes, two-dimensional single element materials. The properties of the stanene can be changed and improved by applying deformation, and it is important to know the range of in-plane deformation that the stanene can withstand. Using the Tersoff interatomic potential for calculation of phonon frequencies, the range of stability of planar stanene under uniform in-plane deformation is analyzed and compared with the known data for graphene. Unlike atomically flat graphene, stanene has a certain thickness (buckling height). It is shown that as the tensile strain increases, the thickness of the buckled stanene decreases, and when a certain tensile strain is reached, the stanene becomes absolutely flat, like graphene. Postcritical behaviour of stanene depends on the type of applied strain: critical tensile strain leads to breaking of interatomic bonds and critical in-plane compressive strain leads to rippling of stanene. It is demonstrated that application of shear strain reduces the range of stability of stanene. The existence of two energetically equivalent states of stanene is shown, and consequently, the possibility of the formation of domains separated by domain walls in the stanene is predicted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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18 pages, 3542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Properties of Cubene Crystals

by Leysan Kh. Galiakhmetova, Igor S. Pavlov, Ayrat M. Bayazitov, Igor V. Kosarev and Sergey V. Dmitriev

Materials 2022, 15(14), 4871; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144871 - 13 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1690

Abstract

The fullerene family, whose most popular members are the spherical C

_{60}

and C

_{70}

molecules, has recently added a new member, the cube-shaped carbon molecule C

_{8}

called a cubene. A molecular crystal based on fullerenes is called fullerite. In this work, [...] Read more.

The fullerene family, whose most popular members are the spherical C

_{60}

and C

_{70}

molecules, has recently added a new member, the cube-shaped carbon molecule C

_{8}

called a cubene. A molecular crystal based on fullerenes is called fullerite. In this work, based on relaxational molecular dynamics, two fullerites based on cubenes are described for the first time, one of which belongs to the cubic system, and the other to the triclinic system. Potential energy per atom, elastic constants, and mechanical stress components are calculated as functions of lattice strain. It has been established that the cubic cubene crystal is metastable, while the triclinic crystal is presumably the crystalline phase in the ground state (the potential energies per atom for these two structures are −0.0452 and −0.0480 eV, respectively).The cubic phase has a lower density than the monoclinic one (volumes per cubene are 101 and 97.7 Å

^{3}

). The elastic constants for the monoclinic phase are approximately 4% higher than those for the cubic phase. The presented results are the first step in studying the physical and mechanical properties of C

_{8}

fullerite, which may have potential for hydrogen storage and other applications. In the future, the influence of temperature on the properties of cubenes will be analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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18 pages, 30340 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methodologyfor Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Plastic Deformation of a Nickel/Graphene Composite

by Karina A. Krylova, Liliya R. Safina, Stepan A. Shcherbinin and Julia A. Baimova

Materials 2022, 15(11), 4038; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15114038 - 06 Jun 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1966

Abstract

In this study, some features of molecular dynamics simulation for evaluating the mechanical properties of a Ni/graphene composite and analyzing the effect of incremental and dynamic tensile loading on its deformation are discussed. A new structural type of the composites is considered: graphene [...] Read more.

In this study, some features of molecular dynamics simulation for evaluating the mechanical properties of a Ni/graphene composite and analyzing the effect of incremental and dynamic tensile loading on its deformation are discussed. A new structural type of the composites is considered: graphene network (matrix) with metal nanoparticles inside. Two important factors affecting the process of uniaxial tension are studied: tension strain rate (5

\times 10^{- 3}

ps

^{- 1}

and 5

\times 10^{- 4}

ps

^{- 1}

) and simulation temperature (0 and 300 K). The results show that the strain rate affects the ultimate tensile strength under tension: the lower the strain rate, the lower the critical values of strain. Tension at room temperature results in lower ultimate tensile strength in comparison with simulation at a temperature close to 0 K, at which ultimate tensile strength is closer to theoretical strength. Both simulation techniques (dynamic and incremental) can be effectively used for such a study and result in almost similar behavior. Fabrication technique plays a key role in the formation of the composite with low anisotropy. In the present work, uniaxial tension along three directions shows a big difference in the composite strength. It is shown that the ultimate tensile strength of the Ni/graphene composite is close to that of pure crumpled graphene, while the ductility of crumpled graphene with metal nanoparticles inside is two times higher. The obtained results shed the light on the simulation methodology which should be used for the study of the deformation behavior of carbon/metal nanostructures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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Review

Jump to: Research

39 pages, 13120 KiB

Open AccessReview

Research Progress on Porous Carbon-Based Non-Precious Metal Electrocatalysts

by Hongda Yu, Luming Wu, Baoxia Ni and Tiehong Chen

Materials 2023, 16(8), 3283; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16083283 - 21 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2131

Abstract

The development of efficient, stable, and economic electrocatalysts are key to the large-scale application of electrochemical energy conversion. Porous carbon-based non-precious metal electrocatalysts are considered to be the most promising materials to replace Pt-based catalysts, which are limited in large-scale applications due to [...] Read more.

The development of efficient, stable, and economic electrocatalysts are key to the large-scale application of electrochemical energy conversion. Porous carbon-based non-precious metal electrocatalysts are considered to be the most promising materials to replace Pt-based catalysts, which are limited in large-scale applications due to high costs. Because of its high specific surface area and easily regulated structure, a porous carbon matrix is conducive to the dispersion of active sites and mass transfer, showing great potential in electrocatalysis. This review will focus on porous carbon-based non-precious metal electrocatalysts and summarize their new progress, focusing on the synthesis and design of porous carbon matrix, metal-free carbon-based catalysts, non-previous metal monatomic carbon-based catalyst, and non-precious metal nanoparticle carbon-based catalysts. In addition, current challenges and future trends will be discussed for better development of porous carbon-based non-precious metal electrocatalysts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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16 pages, 2385 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Emergence of Carbon Nanomaterials as Effective Nano-Avenues to Fight against COVID-19

by Joydip Sengupta and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Materials 2023, 16(3), 1068; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031068 - 25 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1821

Abstract

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), a viral respiratory ailment that was first identified in Wuhan, China, in 2019, and then expanded globally, was caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity of the illness necessitated quick action to cease the virus’s [...] Read more.

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), a viral respiratory ailment that was first identified in Wuhan, China, in 2019, and then expanded globally, was caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity of the illness necessitated quick action to cease the virus’s spread. The best practices to avert the infection include early detection, the use of protective clothing, the consumption of antiviral medicines, and finally the immunization of the patients through vaccination. The family of carbon nanomaterials, which includes graphene, fullerene, carbon nanotube (CNT), and carbon dot (CD), has a great deal of potential to effectively contribute to each of the main trails in the battle against the coronavirus. Consequently, the recent advances in the application of carbon nanomaterials for containing and combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus are discussed herein, along with their associated challenges and futuristic applicability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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27 pages, 23218 KiB

Open AccessReview

Metal/Graphene Composites: A Review on the Simulation of Fabrication and Study of Mechanical Properties

by Julia A. Baimova and Stepan A. Shcherbinin

Materials 2023, 16(1), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010202 - 26 Dec 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3063

Abstract

Although carbon materials, particularly graphene and carbon nanotubes, are widely used to reinforce metal matrix composites, understanding the fabrication process and connection between morphology and mechanical properties is still not understood well. This review discusses the relevant literature concerning the simulation of graphene/metal [...] Read more.

Although carbon materials, particularly graphene and carbon nanotubes, are widely used to reinforce metal matrix composites, understanding the fabrication process and connection between morphology and mechanical properties is still not understood well. This review discusses the relevant literature concerning the simulation of graphene/metal composites and their mechanical properties. This review demonstrates the promising role of simulation of composite fabrication and their properties. Further, results from the revised studies suggest that morphology and fabrication techniques play the most crucial roles in property improvements. The presented results can open up the way for developing new nanocomposites based on the combination of metal and graphene components. It is shown that computer simulation is a possible and practical way to understand the effect of the morphology of graphene reinforcement and strengthening mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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21 pages, 2623 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review on Recycling of Carbon Fibres: Methods to Reinforce and Expected Fibre Composite Degradations

by Amiruddin Isa, Norlin Nosbi, Mokhtar Che Ismail, Hazizan Md Akil, Wan Fahmin Faiz Wan Ali and Mohd Firdaus Omar

Materials 2022, 15(14), 4991; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144991 - 18 Jul 2022

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3903

Abstract

Carbon fibres are widely used in modern industrial applications as they are high-strength, light in weight and more reliable than other materials. The increase in the usage of carbon fibres has led to the production of a significant amount of waste. This has [...] Read more.

Carbon fibres are widely used in modern industrial applications as they are high-strength, light in weight and more reliable than other materials. The increase in the usage of carbon fibres has led to the production of a significant amount of waste. This has become a global issue because valuable carbon fibre waste ends up in landfill. A few initiatives have been undertaken by several researchers to recycle carbon fibre waste; however, the properties of this recycled material are expected to be worse than those of virgin carbon fibre. The incorporation of polymers, nanoparticles and other hybrid materials could enhance the overall properties of recycled carbon fibre waste. However, the degradation of fibre composites is expected to occur when the material is exposed to certain conditions and environments. The study of fibre composite degradation is crucial to enhance their properties, strength, safety and durability for future applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Carbon-Based Materials)

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