Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Its Application in Sustainable Smart Logistics

A special issue of Logistics (ISSN 2305-6290). This special issue belongs to the section "Last Mile, E-Commerce and Sales Logistics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 15386

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Logistics Department, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: logistics; supply chain; intermodal transport; logistics centers; city logistics; dry ports; humanitarian logistics; e-commerce logistics; multi-criteria decision making
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Logistics Department, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
Interests: logistics; supply chain; intermodal transport; logistics centers; city logistics; dry ports, humanitarian logistics; e-commerce logistics; multi-criteria decision making
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past, when globalization was still in its initial stages of development, market competition was less intense, rendering logistics operations much simpler and more primitive. The completion of activities with the lowest possible logistics costs or delivery time was emphasized as the primary goal (Ho et al., 2010). However, today logistics are faced with significantly more complex challenges that arise as a result of the efforts of the economy and society to fit into the requirements of the trend of modern logistics. On the one hand, there are increasingly strict requirements regarding the quality of logistics services, which arise as a result of accelerated globalization (Bykova et al., 2021), the growth of competition (Barker et al., 2021), and the development of e-commerce (Cao et al., 2021). These have helped to generate an increased volume of global commodity and transport flows. On the other hand, trends such as digitization (de Andres Gonzalez et al., 2021) and the application of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 technologies in logistics (Jafari et al., 2022), improvements to sustainability via the principles of the triple bottom line (economic, environmental and social sustainability) (Khan et al., 2022) and the circular economy (Mishra et al., 2022), the growth in resilience of supply chains in response to global challenges (wars and pandemics, such as COVID-19) (Mena et al., 2022 ), etc. contribute to the growing complexity of goods and transport flows. Solutions for the mentioned problems should be sought in the development and application of new technologies, the networking of technologies, and the design and deployment of new strategies, concepts, initiatives, measures, etc., for solving institutional, legal, organizational, and technological problems. In addition, efforts should be made for theeducation of all interest groups, i.e., participants in logistics chains who may participate in creating sustainable smart logistics solutions. Smart logistics refers to the use of advanced technologies such as AI, Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics to optimize and streamline supply chain and transportation processes. The goal of smart logistics is to increase efficiency, reduce costs, improve customer satisfaction, and enhance overall supply chain visibility and control. As a practice, involves real-time monitoring and control of supply chain operations, predictive analysis for optimizing routes and schedules, and automating many manual tasks for improved accuracy and speed.

Since these problems are complex and often include multiple alternatives, criteria and stakeholders, they could be solved only by applying different techniques and methods of operational research (OR). Among potential methods, the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods stand out. MCDM is one of the most important and fastest-growing sub-fields of OR. Accordingly, the aim of this SI is to define innovative solutions in the field of MCDM and outline their application in achieving sustainable smart logistics solutions. If successful, we will contribute to literature and practice by defining new MCDM methodologies and models for solving real-life problems of contemporary logistics. Although articles should deal primarily with expanding the body of literature, primarily in the area of logistics, submissions are also welcome in the areas of OR, MCDM, Industry 4.0, or any of the following topics:

  • Application of existing and development of new MCDM methods for solving various problems in sustainable smart logistics.
  • Development of hybrid MCDM models in the conventional environment or the environment of intuitionistic and interval sets, for solving various problems in sustainable smart logistics.
  • Development of optimization models for various problems in sustainable smart logistics.
  • Application of heuristics and metaheuristics for solving various problems in sustainable smart logistics.
  • Applications of MCDM methods for sustainable transportation planning and routing.
  • Integration of sustainability criteria into MCDM models for smart logistics.
  • Analysis of the trade-off between economic efficiency and environmental sustainability in smart logistics. 
  • Development of novel MCDM methods for sustainable smart logistics.
  • Evaluating the impact of smart logistics on supply chain sustainability.
  • Case studies of the implementation of MCDM methods in smart logistics.
  • Comparison of different MCDM methods for sustainable smart logistics.
  • The role of big data and machine learning in sustainable smart logistics decision making.
  • Optimization of energy consumption in smart logistics using MCDM methods.
  • Sustainable smart logistics in urban areas: challenges and opportunities.

Related papers:

  1. Barker, J. M., Gibson, A. R., Hofer, A. R., Hofer, C., Moussaoui, I., & Scott, M. A. (2021). A competitive dynamics perspective on the diversification of third-party logistics providers’ service portfolios. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 146, 102219.
  2. Bykova, O. N., Repnikova, V. M., Starovoytov, V. G., Artamonova, K. A., Gavel, O. Y., & Sharonin, P. N. (2021). Formation of the logistics services market for small and medium-sized businesses in the context of globalization. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(1), 1–10.
  3. Cao, K., Xu, Y., Wu, Q., Wang, J., & Liu, C. (2021). Optimal channel and logistics service selection strategies in the e-commerce context. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 48, 101070.
  4. de Andres Gonzalez, O., Koivisto, H., Mustonen, J. M., & Keinänen-Toivola, M. M. (2021). Digitalization in just-in-time approach as a sustainable solution for maritime logistics in the baltic sea region. Sustainability, 13(3), 1173.
  5. Ho, W., Lee, C. K., & Ho, G. T. S. (2010). Multiple criteria optimization of contemporary logistics distribution network problems. OR insight, 23(1), 27–43.
  6. Jafari, N., Azarian, M., & Yu, H. (2022). Moving from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: What Are the Implications for Smart Logistics?. Logistics, 6(2), 26.
  7. Khan, S. A. R., Yu, Z., & Farooq, K. (2022). Green capabilities, green purchasing, and triple bottom line performance: Leading toward environmental sustainability. Business Strategy and the Environment.
  8. Mena, C., Karatzas, A., & Hansen, C. (2022). International trade resilience and the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Business Research, 138, 77–91.
  9. Mishra, A., Dutta, P., Jayasankar, S., Jain, P., & Mathiyazhagan, K. (2022). A review of reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chains in the perspective of circular economy. Benchmarking: An International Journal, (ahead-of-print).

Dr. Mladen Krstić
Dr. Željko Stević
Dr. Snežana Tadić
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • contemporary logistics
  • sustainability
  • Industry 4.0
  • circular economy
  • operartions research
  • optimization
  • decision making
  • multi-criteria analysis
  • expert systems
  • heuristics, metaheuristics

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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39 pages, 2723 KiB  
Article
Electrifying the Last-Mile Logistics (LML) in Intensive B2B Operations—An European Perspective on Integrating Innovative Platforms
by Alejandro Sanz and Peter Meyer
Logistics 2024, 8(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8020045 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 366
Abstract
Background: literature on last mile logistic electrification has primarily focused either on the stakeholder interactions defining urban rules and policies for urban freight or on the technical aspects of the logistic EVs. Methods: the article incorporates energy sourcing, vehicles, logistics operation, [...] Read more.
Background: literature on last mile logistic electrification has primarily focused either on the stakeholder interactions defining urban rules and policies for urban freight or on the technical aspects of the logistic EVs. Methods: the article incorporates energy sourcing, vehicles, logistics operation, and digital cloud environment, aiming at economic and functional viability. Using a combination of engineering and business modeling combined with the unique opportunity of the actual insights from Europe’s largest tender in the automotive aftermarket electrification. Results: the Last Mile Logistics (LML) electrification is possible and profitable without jeopardizing the high-tempo deliveries. Critical asset identification for a viable transition to EVs leads to open new lines of research for future logistic dynamics rendered possible by the digital dimensions of the logistic ecosystem. Conclusions: beyond the unquestionable benefits for the environment, the electrification of the LML constitutes an opportunity to enhance revenue and diversify income. Full article
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32 pages, 5956 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Criteria Approach for Quantifying the Impact of Global Megatrends on the Pulp and Paper Industry: Insights into Digitalization, Social Behavior Change, and Sustainability
by Keren A. Vivas, Ramon E. Vera, Sudipta Dasmohapatra, Ronald Marquez, Sophie Van Schoubroeck, Naycari Forfora, Antonio José Azuaje, Richard B. Phillips, Hasan Jameel, Jason A. Delborne, Daniel Saloni, Richard A. Venditti and Ronalds Gonzalez
Logistics 2024, 8(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8020036 - 07 Apr 2024
Viewed by 859
Abstract
Background: The pulp and paper industry (P&PI) is undergoing significant disruption driven by global megatrends that necessitate advanced tools for predicting future behavior and adapting strategies accordingly. Methods: This work utilizes a multi-criteria framework to quantify the effects of digitalization, changes [...] Read more.
Background: The pulp and paper industry (P&PI) is undergoing significant disruption driven by global megatrends that necessitate advanced tools for predicting future behavior and adapting strategies accordingly. Methods: This work utilizes a multi-criteria framework to quantify the effects of digitalization, changes in social behavior, and sustainability as three major megatrends transforming the P&PI industry, with a specific focus on hygiene tissue products. Thus, the research combines a comprehensive literature review, insights from a Delphi study, and topic modeling to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the present and future impacts of these global megatrends. Results: The findings suggest an urgent need to identify alternative raw materials to prevent potential supply chain disruptions. Moreover, due to shifts in social behavior, it becomes critical for businesses to substantiate their sustainability claims with hard data to avoid the risk of a “greenwashing” perception among consumers. Conclusions: This study provides decision support for strategic planning by highlighting actionable insights, quantitative predictions, and trend analysis, alongside the examination of consumer and market trends. It aims to incorporate diverse stakeholder perspectives and criteria into decision-making processes, thereby enriching the strategic planning and sustainability efforts within the P&PI industry. Full article
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21 pages, 1613 KiB  
Article
Modelling a Logistics and Financial Supply Chain Network during the COVID-19 Era
by Sina Abbasi, Ilias Vlachos, Ali Samadzadeh, Shayan Etemadifar, Mohamad Afshar and Mohsen Amra
Logistics 2024, 8(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8010032 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1048
Abstract
Background: Supply chain networks (SCNs) have been interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving them open to financial losses. SCs have been impacted by the pandemic, necessitating the adoption of sustainable practices and dynamic capacities to ensure resilience and performance. Several studies have [...] Read more.
Background: Supply chain networks (SCNs) have been interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving them open to financial losses. SCs have been impacted by the pandemic, necessitating the adoption of sustainable practices and dynamic capacities to ensure resilience and performance. Several studies have focused on this subject, offering insights into the importance of sustainable supply-chain management, corporate governance, big data management activities, and digital technology in minimising the consequences of the pandemic and fostering sustainability. Methods: This study suggests an analytical framework for assessing environmentally friendly procedures and dynamic capacities to assure performance in a disruptive environment. Results: The following are some of the important details and contributions in this article: (1) developed a conceptual framework for assessing dynamic capacities and sustainable behaviours considering COVID-19, (2) concentrates on financial ratios during COVID-19, and (3) established drivers for sustainable practices and competencies during disruption and unpredictable business settings. Conclusions: The suggested model can assist practitioners in creating and implementing sustainable supply chain (SC) activities and tracking and assessing their effects on the sustainability of businesses. So, the proposed model can assist managers in creating and implementing sustainable supply-chain activities and tracking and analysing their effects on the sustainability of businesses. Full article
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28 pages, 2105 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Challenges of Industry 4.0 Adoption in the FMCG Sector: Implications for Resilient Supply Chain in Emerging Economy
by Md Shihab Shakur, Maishat Lubaba, Binoy Debnath, A. B. M. Mainul Bari and M. Azizur Rahman
Logistics 2024, 8(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8010027 - 05 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1985
Abstract
Background: Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) supply chains are experiencing various challenges due to the interactions between consumers and decision-makers during physical distribution, manufacturing, wholesale and retail. One possible strategy to address these challenges for smoothing the supply chain (SC) and logistics operations is [...] Read more.
Background: Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) supply chains are experiencing various challenges due to the interactions between consumers and decision-makers during physical distribution, manufacturing, wholesale and retail. One possible strategy to address these challenges for smoothing the supply chain (SC) and logistics operations is to adopt Industry 4.0 (I4.0) based technologies in the FMCG business processes. In this regard, digitalization and automation of the FMCG supply chain can be strengthened by the alluring properties of I4.0 technologies. Methods: This study identified nine significant challenges through a literature review and expert validation. Later, the challenges were evaluated using a novel multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) framework, the Bayesian best worst method (BWM). Results: The findings indicated that “requirement for substantial investment and resources”, “incompatible technological infrastructure” and “poorly structured value chain” are the most significant challenges to implementing I4.0 in the FMCG industry. Conclusions: The study is expected to significantly contribute to improving the FMCG supply chain’s resilience, sustainability, visibility, traceability and responsiveness. Additionally, the research can provide industrial practitioners valuable insights into implementing I4.0 in FMCG and similar sectors and thus promote SC sustainability and resilience in those industries. Full article
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23 pages, 871 KiB  
Article
Performance Evaluation of Retail Warehouses: A Combined MCDM Approach Using G-BWM and RATMI
by Abdullah M. Barasin, Ammar Y. Alqahtani and Anas A. Makki
Logistics 2024, 8(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8010010 - 12 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1752
Abstract
Background: The retail sector has experienced significant growth in recent years, necessitating efficient supply chain management and sustainable logistics practices. Evaluating the performance of retail warehouses is crucial for meeting customer expectations and enhancing operational efficiency. Methods: This study employed a [...] Read more.
Background: The retail sector has experienced significant growth in recent years, necessitating efficient supply chain management and sustainable logistics practices. Evaluating the performance of retail warehouses is crucial for meeting customer expectations and enhancing operational efficiency. Methods: This study employed a combined multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, using the group best–worst method (G-BWM) for weighting criteria and ranking the alternatives based on the trace-to-median index (RATMI) for warehouse ranking. The performance criteria were cost, quality, time, productivity, and safety. Data were collected from four mega retail warehouses in the western region of Saudi Arabia for evaluation and analysis. Results: The evaluation of retail warehouse performance using the MCDM approach provided valuable insights for decision-makers and warehouse experts. The criteria weights were determined using the G-BWM, and the RATMI enabled the ranking of the warehouses based on their weighted performance scores. The results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each warehouse, facilitating strategic planning, resource allocation, and operational improvements. Conclusions: This study presents a novel combined MCDM performance evaluation approach for retail warehouses. The study has implications for effective decision-making processes, resource allocation, and operational efficiency. Furthermore, it serves as a foundation for future research, exploring additional dimensions of warehouse performance and enabling sustainable logistics within the broader supply chain context. Full article
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24 pages, 2249 KiB  
Article
Supply Chain Complexity and Its Impact on Knowledge Transfer: Incorporating Sustainable Supply Chain Practices in Food Supply Chain Networks
by Hareer Fatima Ahmed, Amin Hosseinian-Far, Dilshad Sarwar and Rasoul Khandan
Logistics 2024, 8(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8010005 - 03 Jan 2024
Viewed by 2140
Abstract
Background: The dynamics of supply chain networks have changed due to increasing complexities. Global expansions and knowledge transfer in supply chain networks bring efficiency and effectiveness to companies. However, the probability of supply chain complexity has also been seen increasing. The barriers [...] Read more.
Background: The dynamics of supply chain networks have changed due to increasing complexities. Global expansions and knowledge transfer in supply chain networks bring efficiency and effectiveness to companies. However, the probability of supply chain complexity has also been seen increasing. The barriers to sustainable supply chain networks need to be tackled in an effective manner as they impact business operations. Therefore, it is essential to eliminate and reduce the supply chain complexities, as it will facilitate the process of knowledge transfer and increase the implementation of sustainable practises in supply chain networks. In the previous research, four supply chain complexity drivers were identified. Previous research identified four supply chain complexity drivers by conducting a systematic review. This study investigates which of the four complexity drivers impacts knowledge transfer in the context of the food supply chain sector. Methods: In this research, knowledge transfer is therefore examined from the perspective of sustainable food supply chains. Thirty exploratory qualitative interviews were conducted in this study and analysed using Nvivo (v12) software. This study utilised thematic analysis techniques for the evaluation of the interviews to gather results. Results: The results illustrated six main factors classified under broad categories: integration of Knowledge Transfer, incorporation of technological advancements in supply chain networks, supply chain complexity solutions, supply chain complexity drivers, sustainable supply chain networks, and capability to reduce supply chain complexity. The findings of this study highlight that process complexity significantly influences the process of knowledge transfer in food supply chain networks. The research findings contribute to both academic and practical domains. This study contributes to the aggregation of supply chain complexity and its impact on Knowledge Transfer. Additionally, the findings support supply chain networks, which strive to achieve efficient Knowledge Transfer to attain sustainable value in business operations. Conclusion: This study has proven that robust knowledge transfer reduces supply chain complexity as it makes supply chain systems more resilient and well-coordinated in many potential ways. Full article
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16 pages, 2019 KiB  
Article
Development of a Novel Fuzzy Hierarchical Location-Routing Optimization Model Considering Reliability
by Javid Ghahremani-Nahr, Hamed Nozari, Maryam Rahmaty, Parvaneh Zeraati Foukolaei and Azita Sherejsharifi
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030064 - 14 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1334
Abstract
Background: This paper discusses the optimization of a novel fuzzy hierarchical location-routing problem, taking into consideration reliability. The mathematical model presented aims to determine the optimal locations of production centers and warehouses, as well as the optimal routing of vehicles, in order [...] Read more.
Background: This paper discusses the optimization of a novel fuzzy hierarchical location-routing problem, taking into consideration reliability. The mathematical model presented aims to determine the optimal locations of production centers and warehouses, as well as the optimal routing of vehicles, in order to minimize total costs. Methods: Because of the uncertainty surrounding the demand and transportation cost parameters, a fuzzy programming method was employed to control the model. To solve the mathematical model, both GA and PSO algorithms were used. Results: The results show that as the uncertainty rate increases, the total costs also increase. Additionally, the results indicate that the maximum relative difference percentage between the solutions of the GA and PSO, and the optimal solutions are 0.587 and 0.792, respectively. On the other hand, analysis of numerical examples demonstrates that the Baron Solver is unable to solve large-scale numerical examples. Conclusions: By comparing the results of GA and PSO, it is observed that PSO was able to solve numerical examples in less time than GA, while GA obtained better results than PSO. Therefore, the TOPSIS method was used to rank the different solution methods, which resulted in GA being recognized as an effective algorithm with a utility weight of 0.972. Full article
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26 pages, 2898 KiB  
Article
A New Model for Determining the Price of Product Distribution Based on Fuzzy Logic
by Predrag Grozdanović, Anđela Gligorijević, Milan Andrejić, Miloš Nikolić and Milorad Kilibarda
Logistics 2023, 7(3), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030062 - 13 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1324
Abstract
Background: Distribution is a very important part of logistics and an activity that is present in every area today. One of the basic problems in distribution is how to correctly determine its price. For this reason, this paper presents a model created [...] Read more.
Background: Distribution is a very important part of logistics and an activity that is present in every area today. One of the basic problems in distribution is how to correctly determine its price. For this reason, this paper presents a model created to determine the price of the product distribution service. Methods: The model first determines the base of the distribution price, which consists of a fixed and a variable part. The fixed part depends on the distance traveled, and the variable part is defined by fuzzy logic. To determine the variable part, a fuzzy logic system was created that depends on four input variables: inaccessibility of the client’s location, driving time, quantity of goods, and unloading time. The reason for applying fuzzy logic is its ability to set the distribution price for each client individually, without generalization. Certain criteria that affect the distribution price such as type of vehicle, quality of service, and type of goods, which could not be represented by fuzzy numbers, were considered as additional corrective factors. Results: The model was tested on hypothetical examples created by the authors from this field and on examples of company that provide distribution services. In the case study, a comparison was made between the distribution price obtained by applying the created fuzzy logic model and the price defined by the model used by the company "X". Conclusions: The model created in this way enables easy adaptation to constant changes in the prices of oil derivatives due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the war but also considers various unpredictable circumstances that may occur during delivery such as roadworks, crowds, vehicle breakdown, location inaccessibility due to bad weather, etc. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 873 KiB  
Review
Social Network Analysis: Applications and New Metrics for Supply Chain Management—A Literature Review
by Ana Isabel Bento, Carla Cruz, Gabriela Fernandes and Luís Miguel D. F. Ferreira
Logistics 2024, 8(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8010015 - 06 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1582
Abstract
Background: Supply chains, characterized by complexity and sensitivity, require continuous mapping to address challenges, particularly disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, Social Network Analysis (SNA) has proven valuable in analyzing how actors in a network connect and create interdependencies. However, [...] Read more.
Background: Supply chains, characterized by complexity and sensitivity, require continuous mapping to address challenges, particularly disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, Social Network Analysis (SNA) has proven valuable in analyzing how actors in a network connect and create interdependencies. However, some studies suggest that the SNA literature needs to embrace new fields of application and develop innovative metrics. Methods: The aim of this study is to clarify the role and contribution of SNA when characterizing and understanding the challenges of contemporary supply chains. A literature review was conducted to achieve this. Results: The results reveal that SNA has been applied in a wide variety of areas (e.g., manufacturing and construction sectors), with an emerging application in the tertiary sector. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that metrics related to the network and to nodes have been used repeatedly, highlighting the need for new supply-chain-related metrics, such as the novel concept of semi-directedness. Conclusions: Despite the versatility of SNA, some aspects may limit its application to supply chain management, including shortcomings in data acquisition and the fact that SNA only allows for the visualization of network configurations, thus preventing the capture of nuances that characterize the relationships between the actors involved. Full article
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18 pages, 1605 KiB  
Review
Industry 4.0 Implementation in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Recommendations Extracted from a Systematic Literature Review with a Focus on Maturity Models
by Kim Häring, Carina Pimentel and Leonor Teixeira
Logistics 2023, 7(4), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7040099 - 12 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1649
Abstract
Background: Industry 4.0 signifies a profound global transformation in production and service activities through its novel organizational principles, including digital connectivity, information transparency, technical assistance, and decentralized decision making. This transformation poses significant challenges for businesses, particularly small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). [...] Read more.
Background: Industry 4.0 signifies a profound global transformation in production and service activities through its novel organizational principles, including digital connectivity, information transparency, technical assistance, and decentralized decision making. This transformation poses significant challenges for businesses, particularly small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In response, maturity models have been developed and adapted to facilitate a transparent and supportive entry into this transformative domain. Method/Aim: This study is dedicated to the comprehensive analysis of Industry 4.0 maturity models through a systematic literature review to identify and evaluate previously published recommendations for the adoption and utilization of Industry 4.0. The aim is to provide valuable insights in this context, with a particular focus on easing entry into this domain for SMEs. Results: Quantitative findings reveal a growing demand for fundamental support when entering this domain, with maturity models capable of meeting the demand for structured guidance. However, these models are currently under-validated, lacking transparency, and are often unsuitable for SMEs. Qualitative results categorize numerous insights and recommendations into ten distinct categories related to Industry 4.0. Conclusions: This paper provides a structured summary to support newcomers, research institutions, and businesses in effectively initiating and optimizing their Industrsy 4.0 activities. Full article
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