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Antifungal Resistance 2.0
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Antifungal Resistance 2.0

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 4274

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
Interests: antifungal resistance; antifungal susceptibility testing; laboratory diagnosis of invasive fungal infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antifungal resistance in clinically significant fungi deserves more attention than it is currently receiving for several reasons. While knowledge on primary antifungal resistance is increasing, secondary resistance tends to emerge for at least a number of antifungal drugs against certain fungal species. Secondary azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus and multidrug resistance in Candida auris are among the topics of current particular interest. Reference antifungal susceptibility testing methods have already provided standard tools for the detection of in vitro resistance, and current studies are promisingly leading to the determination of additional interpretive breakpoints. New data are being revealed in various studies on correlation of clinical outcomes with in vitro resistance, which remains of particular significance in the rational management of antifungal therapy. Unveiling molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance and future perspectives on the use of molecular methods for detection of resistance in routine practice are of specific interest. Given the growing significance and awareness, as well as the recently emerging data, the aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the current status and to introduce recent findings of antifungal resistance observed in clinically significant fungi.

Prof. Dr. Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Fungi is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antifungal resistance
  • antifungal susceptibility testing
  • in vitro–in vivo correlation
  • molecular mechanisms of resistance

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 284 KiB  
Article
EUCAST Ibrexafungerp MICs and Wild-Type Upper Limits for Contemporary Danish Yeast Isolates
by Karin M. Jørgensen, Karen M. T. Astvad, Rasmus K. Hare and Maiken C. Arendrup
J. Fungi 2022, 8(10), 1106; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101106 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1537
Abstract
Ibrexafungerp is a novel triterpenoid antifungal that inhibits glucan synthase and thus fungal cell wall synthesis. We examined the in vitro activity against contemporary clinical yeast, investigated inter-laboratory and intra-laboratory variability, suggested wild-type upper-limit values (WT-UL), and compared in vitro activity of ibrexafungerp [...] Read more.
Ibrexafungerp is a novel triterpenoid antifungal that inhibits glucan synthase and thus fungal cell wall synthesis. We examined the in vitro activity against contemporary clinical yeast, investigated inter-laboratory and intra-laboratory variability, suggested wild-type upper-limit values (WT-UL), and compared in vitro activity of ibrexafungerp to five licensed antifungals. Susceptibility to ibrexafungerp and comparators was investigated prospectively for 1965 isolates (11,790 MICs) and repetitively for three QC strains (1764 MICs) following the EUCAST E.Def 7.3.2 method. Elevated ibrexafungerp/echinocandin MICs prompted FKS sequencing. Published ibrexafungerp EUCAST MIC-distributions were retrieved and aggregated for WT-UL determinations following EUCAST principles. Ibrexafungerp MICs were ≤2 mg/L except against C. pararugosa, Cryptococcus and some rare yeasts. Modal MICs (mg/L) were 0.06/0.125/0.25/0.5/0.5/0.5/0.5/1/2 for C. albicans/C. dubliniensis/C. glabrata/C. krusei/C. parapsilosis/C. tropicalis/S. cerevisiae/C. guilliermondii/C. lusitaniae and aligned within ±1 dilution with published values. The MIC ranges for QC strains were: 0.06–0.25/0.5–1/0.125–0.5 for CNM-CL-F8555/ATCC6258/ATCC22019. The WT-UL (mg/L) were: 0.25/0.5/1/1/2 for C. albicans/C. glabrata/C. krusei/C. parapsilosis/C. tropicalis. Adopting these, non-wild-type rates were 0.3%/0.6%/0%/8%/3% for C. albicans/C. glabrata/C. krusei/C. parapsilosis/C. tropicalis and overall lower than for comparators except amphotericin B. Five/six non-wild-type C. albicans/C. glabrata were echinocandin and Fks non-wild-type (F641S, F659del or F659L). Eight C. parapsilosis and three C. tropicalis non-wild-type isolates were echinocandin and Fks wild-type. Partial inhibition near 50% in the supra-MIC range may explain variable MICs. Ibrexafungerp EUCAST MIC testing is robust, although the significance of paradoxical growth for some species requires further investigation. The spectrum is broad and will provide an oral option for the growing population with azole refractory infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Resistance 2.0)

Review

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21 pages, 1151 KiB  
Review
Specific Focus on Antifungal Peptides against Azole Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
by Dilan Andrés Pimienta, Freiser Eceomo Cruz Mosquera, Isabella Palacios Velasco, María Giraldo Rodas, Jose Oñate-Garzón and Yamil Liscano
J. Fungi 2023, 9(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9010042 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2372
Abstract
The prevalence of fungal infections is increasing worldwide, especially that of aspergillosis, which previously only affected people with immunosuppression. Aspergillus fumigatus can cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and endangers public health due to resistance to azole-type antimycotics such as fluconazole. Antifungal peptides are viable [...] Read more.
The prevalence of fungal infections is increasing worldwide, especially that of aspergillosis, which previously only affected people with immunosuppression. Aspergillus fumigatus can cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and endangers public health due to resistance to azole-type antimycotics such as fluconazole. Antifungal peptides are viable alternatives that combat infection by forming pores in membranes through electrostatic interactions with the phospholipids as well as cell death to peptides that inhibit protein synthesis and inhibit cell replication. Engineering antifungal peptides with nanotechnology can enhance the efficacy of these therapeutics at lower doses and reduce immune responses. This manuscript explains how antifungal peptides combat antifungal-resistant aspergillosis and also how rational peptide design with nanotechnology and artificial intelligence can engineer peptides to be a feasible antifungal alternative. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Resistance 2.0)
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