Editorial

4 pages, 203 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants

by Jing Zhang, Francisco J. Corpas, Jisheng Li and Yanjie Xie

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9463; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169463 - 21 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2318

Various stress conditions, such as drought, salt, heavy metals, and extreme temperatures, have severe deleterious effects on plant growth and directly lead to a decline in yield and quality [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

10 pages, 1506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

H₂S in Horticultural Plants: Endogenous Detection by an Electrochemical Sensor, Emission by a Gas Detector, and Its Correlation with L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase (LCD) Activity

by María A. Muñoz-Vargas, Salvador González-Gordo, José M. Palma and Francisco J. Corpas

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(10), 5648; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105648 - 18 May 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1934

Abstract

H₂S has acquired great attention in plant research because it has signaling functions under physiological and stress conditions. However, the direct detection of endogenous H₂S and its potential emission is still a challenge in higher plants. In order to [...] Read more.

H₂S has acquired great attention in plant research because it has signaling functions under physiological and stress conditions. However, the direct detection of endogenous H₂S and its potential emission is still a challenge in higher plants. In order to achieve a comparative analysis of the content of H₂S among different plants with agronomical and nutritional interest including pepper fruits, broccoli, ginger, and different members of the genus Allium such as garlic, leek, Welsh and purple onion, the endogenous H₂S and its emission was determined using an ion-selective microelectrode and a specific gas detector, respectively. The data show that endogenous H₂S content range from pmol to μmol H₂S · g⁻¹ fresh weight whereas the H₂S emission of fresh-cut vegetables was only detected in the different species of the genus Allium with a maximum of 9 ppm in garlic cloves. Additionally, the activity and isozymes of the L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) were analyzed, which is one of the main enzymatic sources of H₂S, where the different species of the genus Allium showed the highest activities. Using non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, the data indicated the presence of up to nine different LCD isozymes from one in ginger to four in onion, leek, and broccoli. In summary, the data indicate a correlation between higher LCD activity with the endogenous H₂S content and its emission in the analyzed horticultural species. Furthermore, the high content of endogenous H₂S in the Allium species supports the recognized benefits for human health, which are associated with its consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Manganese Stress in Arabidopsis

by Lixia Hou, Zhaoxia Wang, Guangxia Gong, Ying Zhu, Qing Ye, Songchong Lu and Xin Liu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 5046; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095046 - 02 May 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1940

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has been shown to participate in various stress responses in plants, including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, osmotic stress, and heavy metal stress. Manganese (Mn), as a necessary nutrient for plant growth, plays an important role in photosynthesis, growth, [...] Read more.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has been shown to participate in various stress responses in plants, including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, osmotic stress, and heavy metal stress. Manganese (Mn), as a necessary nutrient for plant growth, plays an important role in photosynthesis, growth, development, and enzymatic activation of plants. However, excessive Mn²⁺ in the soil can critically affect plant growth, particularly in acidic soil. In this study, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was used to explore the mechanism of H₂S participation and alleviation of Mn stress. First, using wild-type Arabidopsis with excessive Mn²⁺ treatment, the following factors were increased: H₂S content, the main H₂S synthetase L-cysteine desulfhydrase enzyme (AtLCD) activity, and the expression level of the AtLCD gene. Further, using the wild-type, AtLCD deletion mutant (lcd) and overexpression lines (OE5 and OE32) as materials, the phenotype of Arabidopsis seedlings was observed by exogenous application of hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and scavenger hypotaurine (HT) under excessive Mn²⁺ treatment. The results showed that NaHS can significantly alleviate the stress caused by Mn²⁺, whereas HT aggravates this stress. The lcd mutant is more sensitive to Mn stress than the wild type, and the overexpression lines are more resistant. Moreover, the mechanism of H₂S alleviating Mn stress was determined. The Mn²⁺ content and the expression of the Mn transporter gene in the mutant were significantly higher than those of the wild-type and overexpression lines. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species was significantly reduced in NaHS-treated Arabidopsis seedlings and AtLCD overexpression lines, and the activities of various antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) also significantly increased. In summary, H₂S is involved in the response of Arabidopsis to Mn stress and may alleviate the inhibition of Mn stress on Arabidopsis seedling growth by reducing Mn²⁺ content, reducing reactive oxygen species content, and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. This study provides an important basis for further study of plant resistance to heavy metal stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 1484 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

The Defensive Role of Endogenous H₂S in Brassica rapa against Mercury-Selenium Combined Stress

by Lifei Yang, Huimin Yang, Zhiwei Bian, Haiyan Lu, Li Zhang and Jian Chen

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2854; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052854 - 05 Mar 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1730

Abstract

Plants are always exposed to the environment, polluted by multiple trace elements. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), an endogenous gaseous transmitter in plant cells, can help plant combat single elements with excess concentration. Until now, little has been known about the regulatory role [...] Read more.

Plants are always exposed to the environment, polluted by multiple trace elements. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), an endogenous gaseous transmitter in plant cells, can help plant combat single elements with excess concentration. Until now, little has been known about the regulatory role of H₂S in response to combined stress of multiple elements. Here we found that combined exposure of mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) triggered endogenous H₂S signal in the roots of Brasscia rapa. However, neither Hg nor Se alone worked on it. In roots upon Hg + Se exposure, the defensive role of endogenous H₂S was associated to the decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, followed by alleviating cell death and recovering root growth. Such findings extend our knowledge of plant H₂S in response to multiple stress conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2332 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrogen Sulfide-Linked Persulfidation Maintains Protein Stability of ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 4 and Delays Seed Germination

by Mingjian Zhou, Jing Zhang, Heng Zhou, Didi Zhao, Tianqi Duan, Shuhan Wang, Xingxing Yuan and Yanjie Xie

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1389; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031389 - 26 Jan 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3284

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an endogenous gaseous molecule that plays an important role in the plant life cycle. The multiple transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) was precisely regulated to participate in the abscisic acid (ABA) mediated signaling cascade. However, [...] Read more.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an endogenous gaseous molecule that plays an important role in the plant life cycle. The multiple transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) was precisely regulated to participate in the abscisic acid (ABA) mediated signaling cascade. However, the molecular mechanisms of how H₂S regulates ABI4 protein level to control seed germination and seedling growth have remained elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that ABI4 controls the expression of L-CYSTEINE DESULFHYDRASE1 (DES1), a critical endogenous H₂S-producing enzyme, and both ABI4 and DES1-produced H₂S have inhibitory effects on seed germination. Furthermore, the ABI4 level decreased during seed germination while H₂S triggered the enhancement of the persulfidation level of ABI4 and alleviated its degradation rate, which in turn inhibited seed germination and seedling establishment. Conversely, the mutation of ABI4 at Cys250 decreased ABI4 protein stability and facilitated seed germination. Moreover, ABI4 degradation is also regulated via the 26S proteasome pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest a molecular link between DES1 and ABI4 through the post-translational modifications of persulfidation during early seedling development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 6658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrogen Sulfide Improves the Cold Stress Resistance through the CsARF5-CsDREB3 Module in Cucumber

by Xiaowei Zhang, Xin Fu, Fengjiao Liu, Yanan Wang, Huangai Bi and Xizhen Ai

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(24), 13229; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413229 - 08 Dec 2021

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2663

Abstract

As an important gas signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) plays a crucial role in regulating cold tolerance. H₂S cooperates with phytohormones such as abscisic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid to regulate the plant stress response. However, the synergistic regulation [...] Read more.

As an important gas signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) plays a crucial role in regulating cold tolerance. H₂S cooperates with phytohormones such as abscisic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid to regulate the plant stress response. However, the synergistic regulation of H₂S and auxin in the plant response to cold stress has not been reported. This study showed that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H₂S donor) treatment enhanced the cold stress tolerance of cucumber seedlings and increased the level of auxin. CsARF5, a cucumber auxin response factor (ARF) gene, was isolated, and its role in regulating H₂S-mediated cold stress tolerance was described. Transgenic cucumber leaves overexpressing CsARF5 were obtained. Physiological analysis indicated that overexpression of CsARF5 enhanced the cold stress tolerance of cucumber and the regulation of the cold stress response by CsARF5 depends on H₂S. In addition, molecular assays showed that CsARF5 modulated cold stress response by directly activating the expression of the dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB)/C-repeat binding factor (CBF) gene CsDREB3, which was identified as a positive regulator of cold stress. Taken together, the above results suggest that CsARF5 plays an important role in H₂S-mediated cold stress in cucumber. These results shed light on the molecular mechanism by which H₂S regulates cold stress response by mediating auxin signaling; this will provide insights for further studies on the molecular mechanism by which H₂S regulates cold stress. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of H₂S regulating cold tolerance of cucumber seedlings and provide a theoretical basis for the further study of cucumber cultivation and environmental adaptability technology in winter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3372 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Roles of a Cysteine Desulfhydrase LCD1 in Regulating Leaf Senescence in Tomato

by Kangdi Hu, Xiangjun Peng, Gaifang Yao, Zhilin Zhou, Feng Yang, Wanjie Li, Yuqi Zhao, Yanhong Li, Zhuo Han, Xiaoyan Chen and Hua Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(23), 13078; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313078 - 03 Dec 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 1966

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a novel gasotransmitter in both mammals and plants, plays important roles in plant development and stress responses. Leaf senescence represents the final stage of leaf development. The role of H₂S-producing enzyme L-cysteine desulfhydrase in regulating tomato [...] Read more.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a novel gasotransmitter in both mammals and plants, plays important roles in plant development and stress responses. Leaf senescence represents the final stage of leaf development. The role of H₂S-producing enzyme L-cysteine desulfhydrase in regulating tomato leaf senescence is still unknown. In the present study, the effect of an L-cysteine desulfhydrase LCD1 on leaf senescence in tomato was explored by physiological analysis. LCD1 mutation caused earlier leaf senescence, whereas LCD1 overexpression significantly delayed leaf senescence compared with the wild type in 10-week tomato seedlings. Moreover, LCD1 overexpression was found to delay dark-induced senescence in detached tomato leaves, and the lcd1 mutant showed accelerated senescence. An increasing trend of H₂S production was observed in leaves during storage in darkness, while LCD1 deletion reduced H₂S production and LCD1 overexpression produced more H₂S compared with the wild-type control. Further investigations showed that LCD1 overexpression delayed dark-triggered chlorophyll degradation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in detached tomato leaves, and the increase in the expression of chlorophyll degradation genes NYC1, PAO, PPH, SGR1, and senescence-associated genes (SAGs) during senescence was attenuated by LCD1 overexpression, whereas lcd1 mutants showed enhanced senescence-related parameters. Moreover, a correlation analysis indicated that chlorophyll content was negatively correlated with H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and also negatively correlated with the expression of chlorophyll degradation-related genes and SAGs. Therefore, these findings increase our understanding of the physiological functions of the H₂S-generating enzyme LCD1 in regulating leaf senescence in tomato. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 5885 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptomics Reveals the ERF2-bHLH2-CML5 Module Responses to H₂S and ROS in Postharvest Calcium Deficiency Apples

by Hong-Ye Sun, Wei-Wei Zhang, Hai-Yong Qu, Sha-Sha Gou, Li-Xia Li, Hui-Hui Song, Hong-Qiang Yang, Wan-Jie Li, Hua Zhang, Kang-Di Hu and Gai-Fang Yao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(23), 13013; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313013 - 01 Dec 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2025

Abstract

Calcium deficiency usually causes accelerated quality deterioration in postharvest fruit, whereas the underlining mechanism is still unclear. Here, we report that calcium deficiency induced the development of bitter pit on the surface of apple peels compared with the healthy appearance in control apples [...] Read more.

Calcium deficiency usually causes accelerated quality deterioration in postharvest fruit, whereas the underlining mechanism is still unclear. Here, we report that calcium deficiency induced the development of bitter pit on the surface of apple peels compared with the healthy appearance in control apples during postharvest storage. Physiological analysis indicates that calcium-deficient peels contained higher levels of superoxide anion (O₂^•−), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenol, flavonoid contents and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and reduced calcium, H₂S production, anthocyanin, soluble protein content, and peroxidase (POD) activity compared with those in calcium-sufficient peels. The principal component analysis (PCA) results show that calcium content, ROS, and H₂S production were the main factors between calcium-deficient and calcium-sufficient apple peels. Transcriptome data indicated that four calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), seven AP2/ERFs, and three bHLHs transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in calcium-deficient apple peels. RT-qPCR and correlation analyses further revealed that CML5 expression was significantly positively correlated with the expression of ERF2/17, bHLH2, and H₂S production related genes. In addition, transcriptional co-activation of CML5 by ERF2 and bHLH2 was demonstrated by apple transient expression assays and dual-luciferase reporter system experiments. Therefore, these findings provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of postharvest quality decline in calcium-deficient apples and the potential interaction between Ca²⁺ and endogenous H₂S. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 50923 KiB

Open AccessArticle

H₂O₂ Functions as a Downstream Signal of IAA to Mediate H₂S-Induced Chilling Tolerance in Cucumber

by Xiaowei Zhang, Yanyan Zhang, Chenxiao Xu, Kun Liu, Huangai Bi and Xizhen Ai

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(23), 12910; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312910 - 29 Nov 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 1867

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) plays a crucial role in regulating chilling tolerance. However, the role of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and auxin in H₂S-induced signal transduction in the chilling stress response of plants was unclear. In this [...] Read more.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) plays a crucial role in regulating chilling tolerance. However, the role of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and auxin in H₂S-induced signal transduction in the chilling stress response of plants was unclear. In this study, 1.0 mM exogenous H₂O₂ and 75 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) significantly improved the chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings, as demonstrated by the mild plant chilling injury symptoms, lower chilling injury index (CI), electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde content (MDA) as well as higher levels of photosynthesis and cold-responsive genes under chilling stress. IAA-induced chilling tolerance was weakened by N, N′-dimethylthiourea (DMTU, a scavenger of H₂O₂), but the polar transport inhibitor of IAA (1-naphthylphthalamic acid, NPA) did not affect H₂O₂-induced mitigation of chilling stress. IAA significantly enhanced endogenous H₂O₂ synthesis, but H₂O₂ had minimal effects on endogenous IAA content in cucumber seedlings. In addition, the H₂O₂ scavenger DMTU, inhibitor of H₂O₂ synthesis (diphenyleneiodonium chloride, DPI), and IAA polar transport inhibitor NPA reduced H₂S-induced chilling tolerance. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) increased H₂O₂ and IAA levels, flavin monooxygenase (FMO) activity, and respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH1) and FMO-like protein (YUCCA2) mRNA levels in cucumber seedlings. DMTU, DPI, and NPA diminished NaHS-induced H₂O₂ production, but DMTU and DPI did not affect IAA levels induced by NaHS during chilling stress. Taken together, the present data indicate that H₂O₂ as a downstream signal of IAA mediates H₂S-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 3706 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Persulfidation of Nitrate Reductase 2 Is Involved in l-Cysteine Desulfhydrase-Regulated Rice Drought Tolerance

by Heng Zhou, Ying Zhou, Feng Zhang, Wenxue Guan, Ye Su, Xingxing Yuan and Yanjie Xie

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(22), 12119; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212119 - 09 Nov 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2745

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an important signaling molecule that regulates diverse cellular signaling pathways through persulfidation. Our previous study revealed that H₂S is involved in the improvement of rice drought tolerance. However, the corresponding enzymatic sources of H₂ [...] Read more.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an important signaling molecule that regulates diverse cellular signaling pathways through persulfidation. Our previous study revealed that H₂S is involved in the improvement of rice drought tolerance. However, the corresponding enzymatic sources of H₂S and its regulatory mechanism in response to drought stress are not clear. Here, we cloned and characterized a putative l-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) gene in rice, which encodes a protein possessing H₂S-producing activity and was named OsLCD1. Overexpression of OsLCD1 results in enhanced H₂S production, persulfidation of total soluble protein, and confers rice drought tolerance. Further, we found that nitrate reductase (NR) activity was decreased under drought stress, and the inhibition of NR activity was controlled by endogenous H₂S production. Persulfidation of NIA2, an NR isoform responsible for the main NR activity, led to a decrease in total NR activity in rice. Furthermore, drought stress-triggered inhibition of NR activity and persulfidation of NIA2 was intensified in the OsLCD1 overexpression line. Phenotypical and molecular analysis revealed that mutation of NIA2 enhanced rice drought tolerance by activating the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and ABA-responsive genes. Taken together, our results showed the role of OsLCD1 in modulating H₂S production and provided insight into H₂S-regulated persulfidation of NIA2 in the control of rice drought stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

14 pages, 923 KiB

Open AccessReview

Crosstalk between Melatonin and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses: An Update

by Quan Gu, Qingqing Xiao, Ziping Chen and Yi Han

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(10), 5666; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105666 - 18 May 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 2960

Abstract

Melatonin acts as a multifunctional molecule that takes part in various physiological processes, especially in the protection against abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals, etc. These stresses typically elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Excessive ROS induce oxidative stress [...] Read more.

Melatonin acts as a multifunctional molecule that takes part in various physiological processes, especially in the protection against abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals, etc. These stresses typically elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Excessive ROS induce oxidative stress and decrease crop growth and productivity. Significant advances in melatonin initiate a complex antioxidant system that modulates ROS homeostasis in plants. Numerous evidences further reveal that melatonin often cooperates with other signaling molecules, such as ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). The interaction among melatonin, NO, H₂S, and ROS orchestrates the responses to abiotic stresses via signaling networks, thus conferring the plant tolerance. In this review, we summarize the roles of melatonin in establishing redox homeostasis through the antioxidant system and the current progress of complex interactions among melatonin, NO, H₂S, and ROS in higher plant responses to abiotic stresses. We further highlight the vital role of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) during these processes. The complicated integration that occurs between ROS and melatonin in plants is also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

29 pages, 1760 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Interplay between Hydrogen Sulfide and Phytohormone Signaling Pathways under Challenging Environments

by Muhammad Saad Shoaib Khan, Faisal Islam, Yajin Ye, Matthew Ashline, Daowen Wang, Biying Zhao, Zheng Qing Fu and Jian Chen

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(8), 4272; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084272 - 12 Apr 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2771

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) serves as an important gaseous signaling molecule that is involved in intra- and intercellular signal transduction in plant–environment interactions. In plants, H₂S is formed in sulfate/cysteine reduction pathways. The activation of endogenous H₂S and [...] Read more.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) serves as an important gaseous signaling molecule that is involved in intra- and intercellular signal transduction in plant–environment interactions. In plants, H₂S is formed in sulfate/cysteine reduction pathways. The activation of endogenous H₂S and its exogenous application has been found to be highly effective in ameliorating a wide variety of stress conditions in plants. The H₂S interferes with the cellular redox regulatory network and prevents the degradation of proteins from oxidative stress via post-translational modifications (PTMs). H₂S-mediated persulfidation allows the rapid response of proteins in signaling networks to environmental stimuli. In addition, regulatory crosstalk of H₂S with other gaseous signals and plant growth regulators enable the activation of multiple signaling cascades that drive cellular adaptation. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of H₂S-induced cellular adjustments and the interactions between H₂S and various signaling pathways in plants, emphasizing the recent progress in our understanding of the effects of H₂S on the PTMs of proteins. We also discuss future directions that would advance our understanding of H₂S interactions to ultimately mitigate the impacts of environmental stresses in the plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1088 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Plant Roots during Development and in Response to Abiotic Stress

by Hua Li, Hongyu Chen, Lulu Chen and Chenyang Wang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031024 - 18 Jan 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2343

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is regarded as a “New Warrior” for managing plant stress. It also plays an important role in plant growth and development. The regulation of root system architecture (RSA) by H₂S has been widely recognized. Plants are [...] Read more.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is regarded as a “New Warrior” for managing plant stress. It also plays an important role in plant growth and development. The regulation of root system architecture (RSA) by H₂S has been widely recognized. Plants are dependent on the RSA to meet their water and nutritional requirements. They are also partially dependent on the RSA for adapting to environment change. Therefore, a good understanding of how H₂S affects the RSA could lead to improvements in both crop function and resistance to environmental change. In this review, we summarized the regulating effects of H₂S on the RSA in terms of primary root growth, lateral and adventitious root formation, root hair development, and the formation of nodules. We also discussed the genes involved in the regulation of the RSA by H₂S, and the relationships with other signal pathways. In addition, we discussed how H₂S regulates root growth in response to abiotic stress. This review could provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of H₂S in roots during development and under abiotic stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2440 KiB

Open AccessReview

Hydrogen Sulfide in Plants: Crosstalk with Other Signal Molecules in Response to Abiotic Stresses

by Chunlei Wang, Yuzheng Deng, Zesheng Liu and Weibiao Liao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 12068; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222112068 - 08 Nov 2021

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 2928

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has recently been considered as a crucial gaseous transmitter occupying extensive roles in physiological and biochemical processes throughout the life of plant species. Furthermore, plenty of achievements have been announced regarding H₂S working in combination with [...] Read more.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has recently been considered as a crucial gaseous transmitter occupying extensive roles in physiological and biochemical processes throughout the life of plant species. Furthermore, plenty of achievements have been announced regarding H₂S working in combination with other signal molecules to mitigate environmental damage, such as nitric oxide (NO), abscisic acid (ABA), calcium ion (Ca²⁺), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ETH), jasmonic acid (JA), proline (Pro), and melatonin (MT). This review summarizes the current knowledge within the mechanism of H₂S and the above signal compounds in response to abiotic stresses in plants, including maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, exchanging metal ion transport, regulating stomatal aperture, and altering gene expression and enzyme activities. The potential relationship between H₂S and other signal transmitters is also proposed and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2436 KiB

Open AccessReview

Melatonin Confers Plant Cadmium Tolerance: An Update

by Quan Gu, Chuyan Wang, Qingqing Xiao, Ziping Chen and Yi Han

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11704; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111704 - 28 Oct 2021

Cited by 43 | Viewed by 3229

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most injurious heavy metals, affecting plant growth and development. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was discovered in plants in 1995, and it is since known to act as a multifunctional molecule to alleviate abiotic and biotic stresses, especially [...] Read more.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most injurious heavy metals, affecting plant growth and development. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was discovered in plants in 1995, and it is since known to act as a multifunctional molecule to alleviate abiotic and biotic stresses, especially Cd stress. Endogenously triggered or exogenously applied melatonin re-establishes the redox homeostasis by the improvement of the antioxidant defense system. It can also affect the Cd transportation and sequestration by regulating the transcripts of genes related to the major metal transport system, as well as the increase in glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs). Melatonin activates several downstream signals, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and salicylic acid (SA), which are required for plant Cd tolerance. Similar to the physiological functions of NO, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is also involved in the abiotic stress-related processes in plants. Moreover, exogenous melatonin induces H₂S generation in plants under salinity or heat stress. However, the involvement of H₂S action in melatonin-induced Cd tolerance is still largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the progresses in various physiological and molecular mechanisms regulated by melatonin in plants under Cd stress. The complex interactions between melatonin and H₂S in acquisition of Cd stress tolerance are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Defense, Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (15 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI