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Advances in Stability Analysis and Control of Power Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2024 | Viewed by 11931

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yong Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
Interests: power system stability analysis and control; energy conversion systems and equipment; analysis and control of power quality; HVDC and FACTS technologies
Dr. Weiyu Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
Interests: stability analysis and control of hybrid AC/DC power systems; advanced control of renewable energies; cooperative control of multi-converters
Dr. Junjie Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: stability analysis of renewable power systems; advanced control in energy storage systems; big data analysis of modern power systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the structure of power systems has been rapidly altered due to the integration of power electronics-interfaced devices (PED), such as renewable energy sources (RES), HVDC links, energy storage devices (ES) and electrical vehicles (EV). Power systems with PEDs can operate in a more effective, economical, and flexible manner. However, the dynamic characteristics of these systems have also been drastically changed by PEDs, which introduce considerable challenges associated with system stability issues in several aspects. The integration of RESs and EVs reduces the rotating inertia of power systems and leads to a stochastic generation–supply balance, which exerts a greater pressure on frequency and voltage stability. Furthermore, complicated interactions between different devices are more prevalent than ever before due to the nonlinearities and multi-time scale dynamics of PEDs. Consequently, apart from conventional stability issues, modern power systems are also prone to wide-band oscillations and the chaos phenomenon, and sometimes even a small disturbance could lead to cascading failures. Uncertainties, nonlinearity, and multi-time scale dynamics make it more difficult to ensure the stability of modern power systems. Therefore, advanced analysis and control methodologies are required to reveal the stability mechanisms and guarantee system stability.

Understanding the mechanisms of multi-time scale interactions would significantly aid the stability control of modern power systems. In recent years, many advanced analysis techniques have been carried out and applied in power systems with a high penetration of PEDs, based on linear/nonlinear system theories or data-driven methods. With knowledge of the interaction and stability mechanisms, advanced control strategies can be designed to reduce adverse interactions and coordinate multiple devices to secure system stability. This Special Issue is devoted to collecting original contributions with state-of-the-art findings that cover advances in power system stability analysis and control from universities and industry. The potential topics of papers are summarized as the following:

  • Stability analysis of modern power systems under stochastic operations;
  • Nonlinear analysis and control techniques of power systems;
  • Interaction mechanism between different devices;
  • Wide-band oscillation mechanism and damping controller;
  • Distributed cooperative control of multiple converters;
  • Inertia support and frequency regulation of power systems;
  • Frequency and voltage stability control of microgrids;
  • Data-driven analysis and control methods of power systems;
  • Stability control of HVDC and FACTS;
  • Grid-friendly control of renewable energies;
  • Emergent power support from energy storage

Prof. Dr. Yong Li
Dr. Weiyu Wang
Dr. Junjie Ma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stability analysis
  • nonlinear system theory
  • interaction mechanism
  • multi-time scale interaction
  • wide-band oscillation
  • stability control
  • damping control
  • distributed cooperative control
  • inertia support
  • frequency and voltage stability control
  • data-driven control

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 5006 KiB  
Article
Inertia Identification and Analysis for High-Power-Electronic-Penetrated Power System Based on Measurement Data
by Zhentao Xu, Junjie Ma, Yousong Gao, Yong Li, Haifeng Yu and Lu Wang
Energies 2023, 16(10), 4101; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104101 - 15 May 2023
Viewed by 891
Abstract
With the gradual increases in the use of wind power and photovoltaic generation, the penetration rate of power electronics has increased in recent years. The inertia characteristics of power-electronic-based power sources are different from those of synchronous generators, making the evaluation of inertia [...] Read more.
With the gradual increases in the use of wind power and photovoltaic generation, the penetration rate of power electronics has increased in recent years. The inertia characteristics of power-electronic-based power sources are different from those of synchronous generators, making the evaluation of inertia difficult. In this paper, the inertia characteristics of power-electronic-based power sources are analyzed. A measurement-based inertia identification method for power-electronic-based power sources, as well as for high-power-electronic-penetrated power systems, is proposed by fitting the frequency and power data. The inertia characteristics of different control strategies and corresponding control parameters are discussed in a case study. It was proven that the inertia provided by power-electronic-based power sources can be much higher than that provided by a synchronous generator of the same capacity. It was also proven that the inertia provided by power-electronic-based power sources is not a constant value, but changes along with the output power of the sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stability Analysis and Control of Power Systems)
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16 pages, 4121 KiB  
Article
An Automated and Interpretable Machine Learning Scheme for Power System Transient Stability Assessment
by Fang Liu, Xiaodi Wang, Ting Li, Mingzeng Huang, Tao Hu, Yunfeng Wen and Yunche Su
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1956; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041956 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1342
Abstract
Many repeated manual feature adjustments and much heuristic parameter tuning are required during the debugging of machine learning (ML)-based transient stability assessment (TSA) of power systems. Furthermore, the results produced by ML-based TSA are often not explainable. This paper handles both the automation [...] Read more.
Many repeated manual feature adjustments and much heuristic parameter tuning are required during the debugging of machine learning (ML)-based transient stability assessment (TSA) of power systems. Furthermore, the results produced by ML-based TSA are often not explainable. This paper handles both the automation and interpretability issues of ML-based TSA. An automated machine learning (AutoML) scheme is proposed which consists of auto-feature selection, CatBoost, Bayesian optimization, and performance evaluation. CatBoost, as a new ensemble ML method, is implemented to achieve fast, scalable, and high performance for online TSA. To enable faster deployment and reduce the heavy dependence on human expertise, auto-feature selection and Bayesian optimization, respectively, are introduced to automatically determine the best input features and optimal hyperparameters. Furthermore, to help operators understand the prediction of stable/unstable TSA, an interpretability analysis based on the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP), is embedded into both offline and online phases of the AutoML framework. Test results on IEEE 39-bus system, IEEE 118-bus system, and a practical large-scale power system, demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves more accurate and certain appropriate trust solutions while saving a substantial amount of time in comparison to other methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stability Analysis and Control of Power Systems)
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23 pages, 4671 KiB  
Article
The Definition of Power Grid Strength and Its Calculation Methods for Power Systems with High Proportion Nonsynchronous-Machine Sources
by Zheng Xu, Nan Zhang, Zheren Zhang and Ying Huang
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1842; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041842 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3570
Abstract
This paper studies the definition and calculation method of power grid strength in the environment of high-proportion nonsynchronous-machine sources, focusing on the effect of nonsynchronous-machine sources on voltage support strength and frequency support strength. By dividing the nonsynchronous-machine sources into four types, the [...] Read more.
This paper studies the definition and calculation method of power grid strength in the environment of high-proportion nonsynchronous-machine sources, focusing on the effect of nonsynchronous-machine sources on voltage support strength and frequency support strength. By dividing the nonsynchronous-machine sources into four types, the equivalent circuits of each type under normal state and fault state are derived, respectively. Based on the Thevenin equivalent impedance of the power grid and the equivalent impedance of the connected device, the definition and calculation method of voltage support strength is given, and the new meaning of single-infeed short-circuit ratio and multi-infeed short-circuit ratio in the context of high proportion nonsynchronous-machine sources is presented. Based on the initial frequency change rate and the steady-state frequency deviation of any node in the power grid under the maximum expected active power disturbance, the equivalent inertia lifting factor and steady-state frequency deviation decreasing factor are defined, respectively, to describe the contribution of nonsynchronous-machine sources to the power grid frequency support strength, and the calculation methods of the equivalent inertia lifting factor and the steady-state frequency deviation decreasing factor are given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stability Analysis and Control of Power Systems)
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15 pages, 1945 KiB  
Article
The Semi-Scheduling Mode of Multi-Energy System Considering Risk–Utility in Day-Ahead Market
by Xian Yang, Ye Cai, Yijia Cao, Shaowei Duan, Liang Tang and Zhijian Jia
Energies 2022, 15(21), 8147; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218147 - 01 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1162
Abstract
The large-scale development of renewable energy has an urgent demand for an adjustable power supply. For a multi-energy system with multiple types of heterogeneous power sources, including wind power, photovoltaic (PV) power, hydropower, thermal power and pumped storage, a novel semi-scheduling mode and [...] Read more.
The large-scale development of renewable energy has an urgent demand for an adjustable power supply. For a multi-energy system with multiple types of heterogeneous power sources, including wind power, photovoltaic (PV) power, hydropower, thermal power and pumped storage, a novel semi-scheduling mode and a solution method were proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the load and the reserve demand during the peak load period, the semi-scheduling mode was adopted to determine the start-up combination of thermal power units. Furthermore, by predicting the generating/pumping power, the working state of pumped storage units was determined to realize the independent solution of discrete integer variables. Secondly, the risk–utility function was constructed to quantify the attitude of pumped storage towards the uncertainty of renewable energy output, which completed the quotation and clearing of the pumped storage in the ancillary service market. Finally, by taking the minimum total quotation cost as the objective, the wind–solar–hydro- thermal-pumped storage coordinated (WSHTPC) model was built in the day-ahead market. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model were verified through the simulation of a typical day with different renewable energy penetration rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stability Analysis and Control of Power Systems)
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14 pages, 2704 KiB  
Article
Local Evolution Model of the Communication Network for Reducing Outage Risk of Power Cyber-Physical System
by Yuchen Fang, Xiafei Tang, Li Tang, Yang Chen and Weiyu Wang
Energies 2022, 15(21), 7876; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217876 - 24 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1064
Abstract
The deep integration of power grids and communication networks is the basis for realizing the complete observability and controllability of power grids. The communication node or link is always built according to the physical nodes. This step is alternatively known as “designing with [...] Read more.
The deep integration of power grids and communication networks is the basis for realizing the complete observability and controllability of power grids. The communication node or link is always built according to the physical nodes. This step is alternatively known as “designing with the same power tower”. However, the communication networks do not form a “one-to-one correspondence” relationship with the power physical network. The existing theory cannot be applied to guide the practical power grid planning. In this paper, a local evolution model of a communication network based on the physical power grid topology is proposed in terms of reconnection probabilities. Firstly, the construction and upgrading of information nodes and links are modeled by the reconnection probabilities. Then, the power flow entropy is employed to identify whether the power cyber-physical system (CPS) is at the self-organized state, indicating the high probability of cascading failures. In addition, on the basis of the cascading failure propagation model of the partially dependent power CPS, operation reliabilities of the power CPS are compared with different reconnection probabilities using the cumulative probability of load loss as the reliable index. In the end, a practical provincial power grid is analyzed as an example. It is shown that the ability of the power CPS to resist cascading failures can be improved by the local growth evolution model of the communication networks. The ability is greater when the probability of reconnection is p = 0.06. By updating or constructing new links, the change in power flow entropy can be effectively reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stability Analysis and Control of Power Systems)
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18 pages, 7944 KiB  
Article
Voltage Stability Control Based on Angular Indexes from Stationary Analysis
by Gabriel J. Lopez, Jorge W. González, Idi A. Isaac, Hugo A. Cardona and Oscar H. Vasco
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7255; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197255 - 02 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1391
Abstract
This paper presents a novel methodology for the calculation of angular indexes of an electrical system from stationary analysis, using load flow and nose curves (P–V) in each of the buses of the system to perform control actions and preserve or improve voltage [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel methodology for the calculation of angular indexes of an electrical system from stationary analysis, using load flow and nose curves (P–V) in each of the buses of the system to perform control actions and preserve or improve voltage stability. The control actions are proposed considering a novel method based on the concepts of the cutset angle (CA) and center of angle (COA). The target is a fast estimation of voltage-stability margins through an appropriate angular characterization of the whole system and for each load bus with a complete network and N-1 contingency criteria. The most significant enhancement is that the angular characterization is based on the COA, which is related to the angular dynamics of the system, and indirectly reflects the inertia and the respective angles of the generator rotor, as well as the impact on the angular equivalent-system model. Simulations showed that the COA is an important index to determine the location of occurrence of the events. The COA can also help aim where control actions, like the amount of load shedding, should be carried out to remedy the voltage problems. The proposed method is assessed and tested in the benchmark IEEE 39-bus system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stability Analysis and Control of Power Systems)
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21 pages, 2923 KiB  
Article
A Novel Classification of the 330 kV Nigerian Power Network Using a New Voltage Stability Pointer
by Tayo Uthman Badrudeen, Funso Kehinde Ariyo, Saheed Lekan Gbadamosi and Nnamdi I. Nwulu
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7247; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197247 - 02 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1611
Abstract
The incessant power outages that characterize the Nigerian power network (NGP), as in all developing countries, are not limited to the shortage of fuel for power generation. However, differential power shortages between the generated power and the load demand are alarming. In this [...] Read more.
The incessant power outages that characterize the Nigerian power network (NGP), as in all developing countries, are not limited to the shortage of fuel for power generation. However, differential power shortages between the generated power and the load demand are alarming. In this study, we propose a new voltage stability pointer (NVSP) based on a reduced one-line power network to act as a classifier. The NVSP was trained with a support vector machine (SVM) using a medium Gaussian kernel classification toolbox (mGkCT) in the MATLAB environment. This classification is based on the power network susceptibility to voltage instability. NGP 28-bus 330 kV data were extracted and modeled in the MATLAB environment and tested with the NVSP-mGkCT classifier. The NVSP-mGkCT was able to classify the lines viz. stable and unstable lines for the base and contingency cases. Similarly, the linear load dynamics and non-linear load dynamics were evaluated on the basis of critical buses using the NVSP. The aim of this work was to help the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) and the National Control Centre (NCC) to be pre-emptive with respect to possible voltage collapse due to voltage instability. The simulation results show that NVSP was able to flag vulnerable lines in the NGP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stability Analysis and Control of Power Systems)
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