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Advances in Devices for Energy Generation and Storage
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Advances in Devices for Energy Generation and Storage

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D: Energy Storage and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 20254

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Juan A. López-Villanueva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: devices for renewable-energy generation and storage; solar-hydrogen devices and systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Salvador Rodríguez-Bolívar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: Modeling of electronic devices for renewable energy; modeling of energy storage systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The world is facing a double challenge in the field of energy. On the one hand, the depletion of fossil fuels is looming on a not too distant horizon, and on the other hand the excessive consumption of these fuels is causing serious environmental issues. The two problems advise the deployment of renewable energies and electrical vehicles in a decarbonised future. To achieve this goal, research on energy generating devices, such as solar cells or thermoelectric devices, must continue to achieve better efficiencies at lower costs. But renewable energy sources are not available whenever they are needed, so their efficient use also requires the improvement of energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors for short-term storage, or devices for green hydrogen systems for long-term storage.

All of the above reasons have motivated launching this Special Issue. It aims to collect research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on advances in structures and models of devices that participate in the deployment of renewable energies and electrification of transport, such as solar cells, thermoelectric devices, supercapacitors, battery cells, fuel cells, photoelectrochemical devices and electrolyzers, that could showcase the current state of research in this wide area.

Prof. Dr. Juan A. López-Villanueva
Prof. Dr. Salvador Rodríguez-Bolívar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Solar cells
  • thermoelectric devices
  • batteries
  • supercapacitors
  • fuel cells
  • photoelectrochemical cells
  • electrolyzers
  • solar-hydrogen systems
  • electrification of transport

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 727 KiB  
Article
Application of Variable-Order Fractional Calculus to the Modeling of Calendar Aging in Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Juan Antonio López-Villanueva, Pablo Rodríguez-Iturriaga, Luis Parrilla and Salvador Rodríguez-Bolívar
Energies 2023, 16(5), 2484; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052484 - 05 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1446
Abstract
Battery aging is one of the key challenges that electrochemical energy storage faces. Models for both cycling and calendar aging are valuable for quantitatively assessing their contribution to overall capacity loss. Since batteries are stored and employed under varying conditions of temperature and [...] Read more.
Battery aging is one of the key challenges that electrochemical energy storage faces. Models for both cycling and calendar aging are valuable for quantitatively assessing their contribution to overall capacity loss. Since batteries are stored and employed under varying conditions of temperature and state of charge in their real-life operation, the availability of a suitable model to anticipate the outcome of calendar aging in lithium-ion batteries under dynamic conditions is of great interest. In this article, we extend a novel model to predict the capacity loss due to calendar aging by using variable-order fractional calculus. For this purpose, some theoretical difficulties posed by variable-order definitions are discussed and compared by applying them to fit experimental results with a multi-parameter optimization procedure. We show that employing a variable-order model allows for a significant improvement in accuracy and predictive ability with respect to its constant-order counterpart. We conclude that variable-order models constitute an interesting alternative for reproducing complex behavior in dynamical systems, such as aging in lithium-ion batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Devices for Energy Generation and Storage)
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12 pages, 5934 KiB  
Article
Case Study of Backup Application with Energy Storage in Microgrids
by Rafaela Nascimento, Felipe Ramos, Aline Pinheiro, Washington de Araujo Silva Junior, Ayrlw M. C. Arcanjo, Roberto F. Dias Filho, Mohamed A. Mohamed and Manoel H. N. Marinho
Energies 2022, 15(24), 9514; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249514 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 1678
Abstract
The reliability of energy supply is an important factor for end-users of electricity. Although many advances and efforts have been made by distribution companies to guarantee energy quality, weak feeders and grids are still usually found. As an alternative to minimize such problems, [...] Read more.
The reliability of energy supply is an important factor for end-users of electricity. Although many advances and efforts have been made by distribution companies to guarantee energy quality, weak feeders and grids are still usually found. As an alternative to minimize such problems, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) can be used to supply energy to users in the case of power outages or major energy quality problems. This paper presents test results on a real application scenario in a microgrid with different load configurations in the moment of interruption. The tests were compared to each other to analyze the impact found in each scenario. In addition to those, real unpremeditated cases of power quality problems were also discussed, and the performance of the utilized BESS was evaluated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Devices for Energy Generation and Storage)
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14 pages, 449 KiB  
Article
Constant Phase Element in the Time Domain: The Problem of Initialization
by Juan Antonio López-Villanueva and Salvador Rodríguez Bolívar
Energies 2022, 15(3), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030792 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2843
Abstract
The constant phase element (CPE) is found in most battery and supercapacitor equivalent circuit models proposed to interpret data in the frequency domain. When these models are used in the time domain, the initial conditions in the fractional differential equations must be correctly [...] Read more.
The constant phase element (CPE) is found in most battery and supercapacitor equivalent circuit models proposed to interpret data in the frequency domain. When these models are used in the time domain, the initial conditions in the fractional differential equations must be correctly imposed. The initial state problem remains controversial and has been analyzed by various authors in the last two decades. This article attempts to clarify this problem by proposing a procedure to prepare the initial state and defining a decay function that reveals the effect of the initial state in several illustrative examples. This decay function depends on the previous history, which is reflected in the time needed to prepare the initial state and on the current profile assumed for this purpose. This effect of the initial state is difficult to separate and can lead to the misinterpretation of the CPE parameter values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Devices for Energy Generation and Storage)
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14 pages, 4640 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Silicon Nanowire Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Capacitors with Al2O3/TiO2/Al2O3 Stacked Dielectric Films for the Application to Energy Storage Devices
by Ryota Nezasa, Kazuhiro Gotoh, Shinya Kato, Satoru Miyamoto, Noritaka Usami and Yasuyoshi Kurokawa
Energies 2021, 14(15), 4538; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154538 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2789
Abstract
Silicon nanowire (SiNW) metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with Al2O3/TiO2/Al2O3 (ATA) stacked dielectric films were fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images [...] Read more.
Silicon nanowire (SiNW) metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with Al2O3/TiO2/Al2O3 (ATA) stacked dielectric films were fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images revealed that SiNWs were conformally coated with ATA although the cross-sectional shapes of MACE-SiNWs were non-uniform and sharp spikes can be seen locally. The dielectric capacitance density of 5.9 μF/cm2 at V = −4 V of the perfect accumulation region was achieved due to the combination of the large surface area of the SiNW array and the high dielectric constant of ATA. The capacitance changed exponentially with the voltage at V < −4.3 V and the capacitance of 84 μF/cm2 was successfully achieved at V = −10 V. It was revealed that not only 3D structure and high-k material but also local nanostructure of SiNWs and stacked dielectric layers could contribute to the considerable high capacitance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Devices for Energy Generation and Storage)
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9 pages, 5174 KiB  
Article
In Situ Recrystallization of Co-Evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films by Copper Chloride Vapor Treatment towards Solar Cell Applications
by Deewakar Poudel, Benjamin Belfore, Tasnuva Ashrafee, Elizabeth Palmiotti, Shankar Karki, Grace Rajan, Thomas Lepetit, Angus Rockett and Sylvain Marsillac
Energies 2021, 14(13), 3938; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133938 - 01 Jul 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (or CIGS) thin films and devices were fabricated using a modified three-stage process. Using high deposition rates and a low temperature during the process, a copper chloride vapor treatment was introduced in between the second and third stages to enhance the [...] Read more.
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (or CIGS) thin films and devices were fabricated using a modified three-stage process. Using high deposition rates and a low temperature during the process, a copper chloride vapor treatment was introduced in between the second and third stages to enhance the films properties. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that drastic changes occur after this recrystallization process, yielding films with much larger grains. Secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that the depth profile of many elements is not modified (such as Cu, In and Se) while others change dramatically (such as Ga and Na). Because of the competing effects of these changes, not all parameters of the solar cells are enhanced, yielding an increase of 15% in the device efficiency at the most. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Devices for Energy Generation and Storage)
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Review

Jump to: Research

23 pages, 2686 KiB  
Review
Recycling of Lithium Batteries—A Review
by Xiaowei Duan, Wenkun Zhu, Zhongkui Ruan, Min Xie, Juan Chen and Xiaohan Ren
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1611; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051611 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 8520
Abstract
With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry in recent years, the use of lithium batteries is growing rapidly. From 2015 to 2040, the production of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles could reach 0.33 to 4 million tons. It is predicted that [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry in recent years, the use of lithium batteries is growing rapidly. From 2015 to 2040, the production of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles could reach 0.33 to 4 million tons. It is predicted that a total of 21 million end-of-life lithium battery packs will be generated between 2015 and 2040. Spent lithium batteries can cause pollution to the soil and seriously threaten the safety and property of people. They contain valuable metals, such as cobalt and lithium, which are nonrenewable resources, and their recycling and treatment have important economic, strategic, and environmental benefits. Estimations show that the weight of spent electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries will reach 500,000 tons in 2020. Methods for safely and effectively recycling lithium batteries to ensure they provide a boost to economic development have been widely investigated. This paper summarizes the recycling technologies for lithium batteries discussed in recent years, such as pyrometallurgy, acid leaching, solvent extraction, electrochemical methods, chlorination technology, ammoniation technology, and combined recycling, and presents some views on the future research direction of lithium batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Devices for Energy Generation and Storage)
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