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Select Papers from the 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2021) | Viewed by 13657

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Iva Ridjan Skov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Technical Faculty of IT and Design Sustainable Energy Planning Research Group, Aalborg University, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: electrofuels; power-to-x; carbon capture and utilization; smart energy systems; renewable energy sources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Steffen Nielsen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Planning, The Technical Faculty of IT and Design,Sustainable Energy Planning Research Group, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: GIS; energy; district heating; heat planning; energy planning; energy system analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of the conference is to establish a venue for presenting and discussing scientific findings and industrial experiences related to the subject of Smart Energy Systems based on renewable energy, 4th Generation District Heating Technologies and Systems (4GDH), electrification of heating and transportation sectors, electrofuels and energy efficiency. Authors of approved abstracts will be invited to submit papers to this Special Issue in Energies.

The 6th conference in the series cements it as a main venue for presentations and fruitful debates on subjects that are pertinent to the development and implementation of smart energy systems to fulfill national and international objectives.

More information on the conference: https://smartenergysystems.eu/about/

Call for abstracts: https://smartenergysystems.eu/abstract-submission/

Prof. Dr. Iva Ridjan Skov
Dr. Steffen Nielsen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Smart energy system analyses, tools and methodologies
  • Smart energy infrastructure and storage options
  • Integrated energy systems and smart grids
  • Institutional and organisational change for smart energy systems and radical technological change
  • Energy savings, in the electricity sector, in buildings and transport as well as within industry
  • 4th generation district heating concepts, future district heating production and systems
  • Electrification of transport, heating and industry
  • The production, technologies for and use of electrofuels in future energy systems
  • Planning and organisational challenges for smart energy systems and district heating
  • Geographical information systems (GIS) for energy systems, heat planning and district heating
  • Components and systems for district heating, energy efficiency, electrification and electrofuels
  • Renewable energy sources and waste heat sources for district heating

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 1912 KiB  
Article
Vehicle Energy Consumption in Python (VencoPy): Presenting and Demonstrating an Open-Source Tool to Calculate Electric Vehicle Charging Flexibility
by Niklas Wulff, Fabia Miorelli, Hans Christian Gils and Patrick Jochem
Energies 2021, 14(14), 4349; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144349 - 19 Jul 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4534
Abstract
As electric vehicle fleets grow, rising electric loads necessitate energy systems models to incorporate their respective demand and potential flexibility. Recently, a small number of tools for electric vehicle demand and flexibility modeling have been released under open source licenses. These usually sample [...] Read more.
As electric vehicle fleets grow, rising electric loads necessitate energy systems models to incorporate their respective demand and potential flexibility. Recently, a small number of tools for electric vehicle demand and flexibility modeling have been released under open source licenses. These usually sample discrete trips based on aggregate mobility statistics. However, the full range of variables of travel surveys cannot be accessed in this way and sub-national mobility patterns cannot be modeled. Therefore, a tool is proposed to estimate future electric vehicle fleet charging flexibility while being able to directly access detailed survey results. The framework is applied in a case study involving two recent German national travel surveys (from the years 2008 and 2017) to exemplify the implications of different mobility patterns of motorized individual vehicles on load shifting potential of electric vehicle fleets. The results show that different mobility patterns, have a significant impact on the resulting load flexibilites. Most obviously, an increased daily mileage results in higher electricty demand. A reduced number of trips per day, on the other hand, leads to correspondingly higher grid connectivity of the vehicle fleet. VencoPy is an open source, well-documented and maintained tool, capable of assessing electric vehicle fleet scenarios based on national travel surveys. To scrutinize the tool, a validation of the simulated charging by empirically observed electric vehicle fleet charging is advised. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Select Papers from the 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems)
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23 pages, 1076 KiB  
Article
The Role of Electrofuels under Uncertainties for the Belgian Energy Transition
by Xavier Rixhon, Gauthier Limpens, Diederik Coppitters, Hervé Jeanmart and Francesco Contino
Energies 2021, 14(13), 4027; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14134027 - 04 Jul 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2130
Abstract
Wind and solar energies present a time and space disparity that generally leads to a mismatch between the demand and the supply. To harvest their maximum potentials, one of the main challenges is the storage and transport of these energies. This challenge can [...] Read more.
Wind and solar energies present a time and space disparity that generally leads to a mismatch between the demand and the supply. To harvest their maximum potentials, one of the main challenges is the storage and transport of these energies. This challenge can be tackled by electrofuels, such as hydrogen, methane, and methanol. They offer three main advantages: compatibility with existing distribution networks or technologies of conversion, economical storage solution for high capacity, and ability to couple sectors (i.e., electricity to transport, to heat, or to industry). However, the level of contribution of electric-energy carriers is unknown. To assess their role in the future, we used whole-energy system modelling (EnergyScope Typical Days) to study the case of Belgium in 2050. This model is multi-energy and multi-sector. It optimises the design of the overall system to minimise its costs and emissions. Such a model relies on many parameters (e.g., price of natural gas, efficiency of heat pump) to represent as closely as possible the future energy system. However, these parameters can be highly uncertain, especially for long-term planning. Consequently, this work uses the polynomial chaos expansion method to integrate a global sensitivity analysis in order to highlight the influence of the parameters on the total cost of the system. The outcome of this analysis points out that, compared to the deterministic cost-optimum situation, the system cost, accounting for uncertainties, becomes higher (+17%) and twice more uncertain at carbon neutrality and that electrofuels are a major contribution to the uncertainty (up to 53% in the variation of the costs) due to their importance in the energy system and their high uncertainties, their higher price, and uncertainty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Select Papers from the 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems)
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30 pages, 63436 KiB  
Article
Potential Diffusion of Renewables-Based DH Assessment through Clustering and Mapping: A Case Study in Milano
by Giulia Spirito, Alice Dénarié, Fabrizio Fattori, Mario Motta, Samuel Macchi and Urban Persson
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2627; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092627 - 04 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1993
Abstract
This work aims at developing a methodology for the assessment of district heating (DH) potential through the mapping of energy demand and waste heat sources. The presented method is then applied to the Metropolitan City of Milano as a case study in order [...] Read more.
This work aims at developing a methodology for the assessment of district heating (DH) potential through the mapping of energy demand and waste heat sources. The presented method is then applied to the Metropolitan City of Milano as a case study in order to investigate the current and, especially, the future sustainability of DH with the foreseen building refurbishment and consequent heat demand reduction. The first step is the identification of the areas the most interesting from a heat density and an economic point of view through a clustering algorithm, in which lies the main novelty of the work. The potential is then assessed by investigating their synergy with the available heat sources, which are mapped and analyzed in terms of recoverable thermal energy and costs. In future scenarios with foreseen heat demand reduction, low-temperature networks and excess heat sources are considered, such as metro stations and datacenters, together with the conventional sources, such as thermoelectric plants. The outcomes prove that lower heat demand corresponds to higher network costs with consequently reduced district heating potential but also prove that the properties of low-temperature district heating can potentially compensate for the drop in its cost-effectiveness. Another interesting finding is that the renovation of buildings in an area should be not performed evenly but with criteria; for instance, in synergy with DH diffusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Select Papers from the 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems)
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Graphical abstract

22 pages, 1779 KiB  
Article
Performance Assessment of District Energy Systems with Common Elements for Heating and Cooling
by Aleksandar Ivančić, Joaquim Romaní, Jaume Salom and Maria-Victoria Cambronero
Energies 2021, 14(8), 2334; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082334 - 20 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1909
Abstract
District energy systems, especially those integrating renewables or low exergy sources, have multiple elements for generating heating and cooling. Some of these elements might be used for both purposes: heating and cooling, either simultaneously or alternatively. This makes it more complex to separate [...] Read more.
District energy systems, especially those integrating renewables or low exergy sources, have multiple elements for generating heating and cooling. Some of these elements might be used for both purposes: heating and cooling, either simultaneously or alternatively. This makes it more complex to separate the assessment and have a clear picture on performance of cooling service on one side, and heating services on the other, in terms of energy, environmental, and economic results. However, a correct comparison between different district energy configurations or among district energy and conventional solutions requires split assessment of each service. The paper presents a methodology for calculating different district heating and cooling system key performance indicators (KPIs), distinguishing between heating and cooling ones. A total of eleven indicators are organized under four categories: energy, environment, economy and socio-economy. Each KPI is defined for heating service and for cooling service. According to this, the methodology proposes a demand-based and an investment-based share factors that facilitate the heating and cooling KPI calculation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Select Papers from the 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems)
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25 pages, 7990 KiB  
Article
Simulating the Impacts of Uncontrolled Electric Vehicle Charging in Low Voltage Grids
by Sajjad Haider and Peter Schegner
Energies 2021, 14(8), 2330; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082330 - 20 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2028
Abstract
Across the world, the impact of increasing electric vehicle (EV) adoption requires a better understanding. The authors hypothesize that the introduction of EV’s will cause significant overloading within low voltage distribution grids. To study this, several low voltage networks were reconstructed based on [...] Read more.
Across the world, the impact of increasing electric vehicle (EV) adoption requires a better understanding. The authors hypothesize that the introduction of EV’s will cause significant overloading within low voltage distribution grids. To study this, several low voltage networks were reconstructed based on the literature and modelled using DigSilent Powerfactory, taking into account the stochastic variability of household electricity consumption, EV usage, and solar irradiance. The study incorporates two distinct usage scenarios—residential loads with varying EV penetrations without and with distributed grid tied generation of electricity. The Monte-Carlo simulation took into account population demographics and showed that in urban networks, EV introduction could lead to higher cable loading percentages than allowed, and in rural networks, this could lead to voltage drops beyond the allowed limits. Distributed generation (DG) in the form of solar power could significantly offset both these overloading characteristics, as well as the active and reactive power demands of the network, by between 10–50%, depending on the topology of the network. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Select Papers from the 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems)
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