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Select Papers from the 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 August 2020) | Viewed by 17072

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
The Technical Faculty of IT and Design Sustainable Energy Planning Research Group, Aalborg University, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: electrofuels; power-to-x; carbon capture and utilization; smart energy systems; renewable energy sources
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Guest Editor
Department of Planning, The Technical Faculty of IT and Design,Sustainable Energy Planning Research Group, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: GIS; energy; district heating; heat planning; energy planning; energy system analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of the conference is to establish a venue for presenting and discussing scientific findings and industrial experiences related to the subject of Smart Energy Systems based on renewable energy, 4th-Generation District Heating Technologies and Systems (4GDH), electrification of heating and transportation sectors, electrofuels, and energy efficiency. The authors of approved abstracts will be invited to submit papers to this Special Issue in Energies.

The 5th conference in the series cements it as a main venue for presentations and fruitful debates on subjects that are pertinent to the development and implementation of smart energy systems to fulfill national and international objectives.

More information on the conference: https://smartenergysystems.eu/about/

Call for abstracts: https://smartenergysystems.eu/abstract-submission/

Assoc. Prof. Iva Ridjan Skov
Prof. Dr. Steffen Nielsen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Smart energy system analyses, tools, and methodologies
  • Smart energy infrastructure and storage options
  • Integrated energy systems and smart grids
  • Institutional and organizational change for smart energy systems and radical technological change
  • Energy savings, in the electricity sector, in buildings and transport, as well as within industry
  • 4th generation district heating concepts, future district heating production and systems
  • Electrification of transport, heating, and industry
  • The production and technologies for and use of electrofuels in future energy systems
  • Planning and organizational challenges for smart energy systems and district heating
  • Geographical information systems (GIS) for energy systems, heat planning, and district heating
  • Components and systems for district heating, energy efficiency, electrification and electrofuels
  • Renewable energy sources and waste heat sources for district heating

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 13678 KiB  
Article
Local Heating Networks with Waste Heat Utilization: Low or Medium Temperature Supply?
by Hanne Kauko, Daniel Rohde and Armin Hafner
Energies 2020, 13(4), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040954 - 20 Feb 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2811
Abstract
District heating enables an economical use of energy sources that would otherwise be wasted to cover the heating demands of buildings in urban areas. For efficient utilization of local waste heat and renewable heat sources, low distribution temperatures are of crucial importance. This [...] Read more.
District heating enables an economical use of energy sources that would otherwise be wasted to cover the heating demands of buildings in urban areas. For efficient utilization of local waste heat and renewable heat sources, low distribution temperatures are of crucial importance. This study evaluates a local heating network being planned for a new building area in Trondheim, Norway, with waste heat available from a nearby ice skating rink. Two alternative supply temperature levels have been evaluated with dynamic simulations: low temperature (40 °C), with direct utilization of waste heat and decentralized domestic hot water (DHW) production using heat pumps; and medium temperature (70 °C), applying a centralized heat pump to lift the temperature of the waste heat. The local network will be connected to the primary district heating network to cover the remaining heat demand. The simulation results show that with a medium temperature supply, the peak power demand is up to three times higher than with a low temperature supply. This results from the fact that the centralized heat pump lifts the temperature for the entire network, including space and DHW heating demands. With a low temperature supply, heat pumps are applied only for DHW production, which enables a low and even electricity demand. On the other hand, with a low temperature supply, the district heating demand is high in the wintertime, in particular if the waste heat temperature is low. The choice of a suitable supply temperature level for a local heating network is hence strongly dependent on the temperature of the available waste heat, but also on the costs and emissions related to the production of district heating and electricity in the different seasons. Full article
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13 pages, 5939 KiB  
Article
Time-Dependent Flexibility Potential of Heat Pump Systems for Smart Energy System Operation
by Sina Steinle, Martin Zimmerlin, Felicitas Mueller, Lukas Held, Michael R. Suriyah and Thomas Leibfried
Energies 2020, 13(4), 903; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040903 - 18 Feb 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2345
Abstract
The integration of multiple energy sectors, such as electricity, heating, and mobility, into an overall smart energy system is a key part of the journey towards a fossil-free energy system. Exploiting the operational flexibility of these sectors will lead to the efficient operation [...] Read more.
The integration of multiple energy sectors, such as electricity, heating, and mobility, into an overall smart energy system is a key part of the journey towards a fossil-free energy system. Exploiting the operational flexibility of these sectors will lead to the efficient operation of the integrated smart energy system. The use of heat pumps for the heating supply based on renewable energy resources is reasonable in many cases. Combining heat pumps with thermal storages, these systems can offer flexibility to an energy system based on fluctuating power generation. Flexibility can be defined as the capability to adapt an initial schedule in order to support the energy system in terms of the provision of power reserve. In this paper, an approach to determine the time-dependent flexibility potential of a heat pump system is presented. The optimization-based approach considers all the constraints resulting from the system topology, including the required heating demand of the connected building. As a result, constraints for the integration of the available flexibility in a modified Optimal Power Flow (OPF) calculation are given. These lead to the ensured feasibility of the flexibility provision without considering the system boundaries of the heat pump site within the OPF. Full article
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22 pages, 2740 KiB  
Article
Design of Renewable and System-Beneficial District Heating Systems Using a Dynamic Emission Factor for Grid-Sourced Electricity
by Johannes Röder, David Beier, Benedikt Meyer, Joris Nettelstroth, Torben Stührmann and Edwin Zondervan
Energies 2020, 13(3), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030619 - 01 Feb 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3516
Abstract
In future energy scenarios with a high share of renewable energies within the electricity system, power-to-heat technologies could play a crucial role for achieving the climate goals in the heating sector. District heating systems can integrate volatile wind and photovoltaic energy sources and [...] Read more.
In future energy scenarios with a high share of renewable energies within the electricity system, power-to-heat technologies could play a crucial role for achieving the climate goals in the heating sector. District heating systems can integrate volatile wind and photovoltaic energy sources and resolve congestions within the electricity grid, leading to curtailment of renewable electricity generation. This paper presents a design approach for setting up system-beneficial power-to-heat-based district energy systems. Within the scope of the project QUARREE100 an existing district in the provincial town Heide in Northern Germany is examined. A linear investment and unit commitment optimization model is applied. By considering local dynamic emission factors for grid-sourced electricity, which contain information on local wind energy curtailment as well as the emission intensity of the overall electricity generation, a renewable and system-beneficial design can be derived. With this method, the minimal rated power and capacity of energy converter and storage units can be determined to achieve emission reductions with respect to minimum costs. The approach of using different methods for the consideration of the emissions of grid-sourced electricity is analyzed based on different scenarios. By using a dynamic emission factor for grid-sourced electricity, lower emissions with fewer costs can be achieved. It is shown that a dynamic assessment leads to different design decisions and far-reaching deviations in the unit commitment. The results clearly show that a constant emission factor is no longer an option for grid-sourced electricity in urban energy system models. Full article
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15 pages, 2607 KiB  
Article
District Heating Systems: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of the 4GDH
by Gerald Schweiger, Fabian Kuttin and Alfred Posch
Energies 2019, 12(24), 4748; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12244748 - 12 Dec 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3768
Abstract
Fourth-generation district heating networks (4GDH) can play a special role in the efficient and climate-friendly use of energy. In this study, we have examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of this innovative technology. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research [...] Read more.
Fourth-generation district heating networks (4GDH) can play a special role in the efficient and climate-friendly use of energy. In this study, we have examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of this innovative technology. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, we assessed the SWOT-factors in terms of their importance. Among the factors that were weighted with the highest relative importance were the ability of 4GDH to serve as a label bundling and stimulating considerations with respect to the further development of district heating systems and the increased value creation within the national economy through the inclusion of local, renewable energy sources. Moreover, the interviewed experts agreed that regulatory frameworks in the context of 4GDH have to be further developed. Full article
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Review

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29 pages, 768 KiB  
Review
Analysis of the Existing Barriers for the Market Development of Power to Hydrogen (P2H) in Italy
by Cesare Saccani, Marco Pellegrini and Alessandro Guzzini
Energies 2020, 13(18), 4835; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184835 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4021
Abstract
New technological solutions are required to control the impact of the increasing presence of renewable energy sources connected to the electric grid that are characterized by unpredictable production (i.e., wind and solar energy). Energy storage is becoming essential to stabilize the grid when [...] Read more.
New technological solutions are required to control the impact of the increasing presence of renewable energy sources connected to the electric grid that are characterized by unpredictable production (i.e., wind and solar energy). Energy storage is becoming essential to stabilize the grid when a mismatch between production and demand occurs. Among the available solutions, Power to Hydrogen (P2H) is one of the most attractive options. However, despite the potential, many barriers currently hinder P2H market development. The literature reports general barriers and strategies to overcome them, but a specific analysis is fundamental to identifying how these barriers concretely arise in national and regional frameworks, since tailored solutions are needed to foster the development of P2H local market. The paper aims to identify and to analyze the existing barriers for P2H market uptake in Italy. The paper shows how several technical, regulatory and economic issues are still unsolved, resulting in a source of uncertainty for P2H investment. The paper also suggests possible approaches and solutions to address the Italian barriers and to support politics and decision-makers in the definition and implementation of the national hydrogen strategy. Full article
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