Biosensors

Research

Jump to: Review, Other

16 pages, 4318 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nickel Oxy-Hydroxy/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Film Coupled with a 3D-Printed Device as a Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor

by Murillo N. T. Silva, Raquel G. Rocha, Eduardo M. Richter, Rodrigo A. A. Munoz and Edson Nossol

Biosensors 2023, 13(6), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13060646 - 13 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1100

Abstract

A rapid and simple method for the amperometric determination of glucose using a nanocomposite film of nickel oxyhydroxide and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) was evaluated. The NiHCF)/MWCNT electrode film was fabricated using the liquid–liquid interface method, and it was used as a precursor [...] Read more.

A rapid and simple method for the amperometric determination of glucose using a nanocomposite film of nickel oxyhydroxide and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) was evaluated. The NiHCF)/MWCNT electrode film was fabricated using the liquid–liquid interface method, and it was used as a precursor for the electrochemical synthesis of nickel oxy-hydroxy (Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH/MWCNT). The interaction between nickel oxy-hydroxy and the MWCNTs provided a film that is stable over the electrode surface, with high surface area and excellent conductivity. The nanocomposite presented an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose in an alkaline medium. The sensitivity of the sensor was found to be 0.0561 μA μmol L⁻¹, and a linear range from 0.1 to 150 μmol L⁻¹ was obtained, with a good limit of detection (0.030 μmol L⁻¹). The electrode exhibits a fast response (150 injections h⁻¹) and a sensitive catalytic performance, which may be due to the high conductivity of MWCNT and the increased active surface area of the electrode. Additionally, a minimal difference in the slopes for ascending (0.0561 µA µmol L⁻¹) and descending (0.0531 µA µmol L⁻¹) was observed. Moreover, the sensor was applied to the detection of glucose in artificial plasma blood samples, achieving values of 89 to 98% of recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 5090 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chemiluminescence Biosensor for the Determination of Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI)

by Robert Tannenberg, Martin Paul, Bettina Röder, Santosh L. Gande, Sridhar Sreeramulu, Krishna Saxena, Christian Richter, Harald Schwalbe, Claudia Swart and Michael G. Weller

Biosensors 2023, 13(4), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13040455 - 03 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2707

Abstract

Cardiac vascular diseases, especially acute myocardial infarction (AMI), are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore cardio-specific biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI) play an essential role in the field of diagnostics. In order to enable rapid and accurate measurement [...] Read more.

Cardiac vascular diseases, especially acute myocardial infarction (AMI), are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore cardio-specific biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI) play an essential role in the field of diagnostics. In order to enable rapid and accurate measurement of cTnI with the potential of online measurements, a chemiluminescence-based immunosensor is presented as a proof of concept. A flow cell was designed and combined with a sensitive CMOS camera allowing sensitive optical readout. In addition, a microfluidic setup was established, which achieved selective and quasi-online cTnI determination within ten minutes. The sensor was tested with recombinant cTnI in phosphate buffer and demonstrated cTnI measurements in the concentration range of 2–25 µg/L. With the optimized system, a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.6 µg/L (23 pmol/L) was achieved. Furthermore, the selectivity of the immunosensor was investigated with other recombinant proteins, such as cTnT, and cTnC, at a level of 16 µg/L. No cross-reactivity could be observed. Measurements with diluted blood plasma and serum resulted in an LoD of 60 µg/L (2.4 nmol/L) and 70 µg/L (2.9 nmol/L), respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 2751 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Detection of Alpha Fetoprotein Based on AIEgen Nanosphere Labeled Aptamer Combined with Sandwich Structure of Magnetic Gold Nanocomposites

by Lei Liu, Huixing Wang, Husseini Sulemana, Bing Xie and Li Gao

Biosensors 2023, 13(3), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13030351 - 06 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1477

Abstract

As a biomarker, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is valuable for detecting some tumors in men, non-pregnant women, and children. However, the detection sensitivity in some methods needs to be improved. Therefore, developing a simple, reliable, and sensitive detection method for AFP is important for non-malignant [...] Read more.

As a biomarker, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is valuable for detecting some tumors in men, non-pregnant women, and children. However, the detection sensitivity in some methods needs to be improved. Therefore, developing a simple, reliable, and sensitive detection method for AFP is important for non-malignant diseases. An aptamer binding was developed based on aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) nanosphere labeled with Fe3O4@MPTMS@AuNPs. AFP was detected with a sandwich structure of AuNPs magnetic composite particles. An aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecule and polystyrene (PS) nanosphere complex were assembled, enhancing the fluorescence and improving the sensitivity of detection. The limit of detection (LOD) was at a given level of 1.429 pg/mL, which can best be achieved in serum samples. Finally, the results obtained showed the complex to be promising in practical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 5132 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aptamer-Gated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for N Protein Triggered Release of Remdesivir and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

by Xiaohui Zhang, Xin Zhang, Aoqiong Xu, Mengdi Yu, Yu Xu, Ying Xu, Chao Wang, Gege Yang, Chunxia Song, Xiangwei Wu and Ying Lu

Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12110950 - 01 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1572

Abstract

Since the 2019-nCoV outbreak was first reported, hundreds of millions of people all over the world have been infected. There is no doubt that improving the cure rate of 2019-nCoV is one of the most effective means to deal with the current serious [...] Read more.

Since the 2019-nCoV outbreak was first reported, hundreds of millions of people all over the world have been infected. There is no doubt that improving the cure rate of 2019-nCoV is one of the most effective means to deal with the current serious epidemic. At present, Remdesivir (RDV) has been clinically proven to be effective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. However, the uncertain side effects make it important to reduce the use of drugs while ensuring the self-healing effect. We report an approach here with targeted therapy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses illness. In this study, mesoporous silica was used as the carrier of RDV, the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) aptamer was hybridized with the complementary chain, and the double-stranded DNA was combined with gold nanoparticles as the gates of mesoporous silica pores. When the RDV-loaded mesoporous silica is incubated with the N protein, aptamer with gold nanoparticles dissociate from the complementary DNA oligonucleotide on the mesoporous silica surface and bind to the N protein. The releasing of RDV was determined by detecting the UV-vis absorption peak of RDV in the solution. These results show that the RDV delivery system designed in this work has potential clinical application for the treatment of 2019-nCoV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 2005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Graphitic Carbon Nitride and IGZO Bio-FET for Rapid Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction

by Walaa Khushaim, Mani Teja Vijjapu, Saravanan Yuvaraja, Veerappan Mani and Khaled Nabil Salama

Biosensors 2022, 12(10), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12100836 - 07 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3711

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a life-threatening condition that causes millions of deaths every year. In this study, a transistor-based biosensor is developed for rapid and sensitive detection of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), a diagnostic biomarker of AMI. [...] Read more.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a life-threatening condition that causes millions of deaths every year. In this study, a transistor-based biosensor is developed for rapid and sensitive detection of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), a diagnostic biomarker of AMI. A biosensing technique based on a field effect transistor (FET), which uses indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) as an excellent semiconducting channel, is integrated with nanosheet materials to detect cTnI. Porous carbon nitride (PCN) decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is used as a bridge between the solid-state device and the biorecognition element. We demonstrate that this biosensor is highly sensitive and has an experimental limit of detection of 0.0066 ng/mL and a dynamic range of 0.01 ng/mL–1000 ng/mL. This is the first report of a semiconducting metal oxide FET cardiac biomarker sensor combined with PCN for the detection of cTnI. The reported compact microsystem paves the way for rapid and inexpensive detection of cardiac biomarkers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 2464 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Improved Method for Quick Quantification of Unsaturated Transferrin

by Ruirui Guo, Juanjuan Gao, Lingyun Hui, Yanqing Li, Junhui Liu, Yao Fu, Lei Shi, Yawen Wang and Bing Liu

Biosensors 2022, 12(9), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12090708 - 01 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1709

Abstract

Blood iron levels play a vital role in oxygen metabolism and energy generation whilst transporter protein, transferrin, binds and delivers iron to the transferrin receptor of endosomal compartments of cells. Consequently, the iron-binding capacity of transferrin is an important indicator for many diseases, [...] Read more.

Blood iron levels play a vital role in oxygen metabolism and energy generation whilst transporter protein, transferrin, binds and delivers iron to the transferrin receptor of endosomal compartments of cells. Consequently, the iron-binding capacity of transferrin is an important indicator for many diseases, and its measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of anaemias. Various assays, including Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity (UIBC) and Transferrin Saturation (TS), were developed to assess the iron-binding capacity of transferrin. Clinically, UIBC is measured in serum by a multi-step liquid ferrozine method and subjected to interference from conditions such as haemolysis and lipemia. Here, we report a quick method that directly measures the concentration of apotransferrin in EDTA-treated plasma, theoretically equivalent to UIBC. Importantly, this supramolecular assembly-based method is more time-efficient, cost-effective and insensitive to serum cation fluctuations. With additional colorimetric property, this method also provides a visual indicator for abnormal health conditions with extreme transferrin statuses such as those found in cancers. Its minimal requirement for equipment would be particularly useful for diagnosis in remote and under-developed regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2163 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Practical Application of Glucose Biosensor Based on Dendritic Gold Nanostructures Modified by Conducting Polymers

by Natalija German, Anton Popov, Arunas Ramanavicius and Almira Ramanaviciene

Biosensors 2022, 12(8), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080641 - 14 Aug 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2508

Abstract

In this study, graphite rod (GR) electrodes were electrochemically modified by dendritic gold nanostructures (DGNs) followed by immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the presence of mediator phenazine methosulfate (PMS). Modified with polyaniline (PANI) or polypyrrole (Ppy), GOx/DGNs/GR electrodes were used in glucose [...] Read more.

In this study, graphite rod (GR) electrodes were electrochemically modified by dendritic gold nanostructures (DGNs) followed by immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the presence of mediator phenazine methosulfate (PMS). Modified with polyaniline (PANI) or polypyrrole (Ppy), GOx/DGNs/GR electrodes were used in glucose biosensor design. Different electrochemical methods were applied for the registration of glucose concentration, and constant potential amperometry (CPA) was chosen as the best one. PANI and Ppy layers synthesized enzymatically on the GOx/DGNs/GR electrodes extended the linear glucose determination range, the width of which depended on the duration of PANI- and Ppy-layers formation. Enzymatically formed polypyrrole was determined as the most suitable polymer for the modification and formation of the glucose biosensor instead of polyaniline, because it was 1.35 times more sensitive and had a 2.57 times lower limit of detection (LOD). The developed glucose biosensor based on the Ppy/GOx/DGNs/GR electrode was characterized by appropriate sensitivity (59.4 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²), low LOD (0.070 mmol L⁻¹), wide linear glucose determination range (up to 19.9 mmol L⁻¹), good repeatability (8.01%), and appropriate storage stability (33 days). The performance of the developed glucose biosensor was tested in biological samples and beverages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 2990 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Amperometric Biosensor Based on Tyrosinase/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Interference-Free Detection of Total Catecholamine

by Valeria Gigli, Cristina Tortolini, Eliana Capecchi, Antonio Angeloni, Andrea Lenzi and Riccarda Antiochia

Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070519 - 12 Jul 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2361

Abstract

The regulation of nervous and cardiovascular systems and some brain-related behaviors, such as stress, panic, anxiety, and depression, are strictly dependent on the levels of the main catecholamines of clinical interest, dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NEP). Therefore, there is an urgent [...] Read more.

The regulation of nervous and cardiovascular systems and some brain-related behaviors, such as stress, panic, anxiety, and depression, are strictly dependent on the levels of the main catecholamines of clinical interest, dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NEP). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable sensing device able to accurately monitor them in biological fluids for early diagnosis of the diseases related to their abnormal levels. In this paper, we present the first tyrosinase (Tyr)-based biosensor based on chitosan nanoparticles (ChitNPs) for total catecholamine (CA) detection in human urine samples. ChitNPs were synthetized according to an ionic gelation process and successively characterized by SEM and EDX techniques. The screen-printed graphene electrode was prepared by a two-step drop-casting method of: (i) ChitNPS; and (ii) Tyr enzyme. Optimization of the electrochemical platform was performed in terms of the loading method of Tyr on ChitNPs (nanoprecipitation and layer-by-layer), enzyme concentration, and enzyme immobilization with and without 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as cross-linking agents. The Tyr/EDC-NHS/ChitNPs nanocomposite showed good conductivity and biocompatibility with Tyr enzyme, as evidenced by its high biocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA, EP, and NEP to the relative o-quinone derivatives electrochemically reduced at the modified electrode. The resulting Tyr/EDC-NHS/ChitNPs-based biosensor performs interference-free total catecholamine detection, expressed as a DA concentration, with a very low LOD of 0.17 μM, an excellent sensitivity of 0.583 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻², good stability, and a fast response time (3 s). The performance of the biosensor was successively assessed in human urine samples, showing satisfactory results and, thus, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed biosensor for analyzing total CA in physiological samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

61 pages, 13527 KiB

Open AccessReview

Electrochemical Wearable Biosensors and Bioelectronic Devices Based on Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Behavior

by Mohsen Saeidi, Hossein Chenani, Mina Orouji, MahsaSadat Adel Rastkhiz, Nafiseh Bolghanabadi, Shaghayegh Vakili, Zahra Mohamadnia, Amir Hatamie and Abdolreza (Arash) Simchi

Biosensors 2023, 13(8), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13080823 - 15 Aug 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2322

Abstract

Hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors (HWEBs) are emerging biomedical devices that have recently received immense interest. The exceptional properties of HWEBs include excellent biocompatibility with hydrophilic nature, high porosity, tailorable permeability, the capability of reliable and accurate detection of disease biomarkers, suitable device–human interface, [...] Read more.

Hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors (HWEBs) are emerging biomedical devices that have recently received immense interest. The exceptional properties of HWEBs include excellent biocompatibility with hydrophilic nature, high porosity, tailorable permeability, the capability of reliable and accurate detection of disease biomarkers, suitable device–human interface, facile adjustability, and stimuli responsive to the nanofiller materials. Although the biomimetic three-dimensional hydrogels can immobilize bioreceptors, such as enzymes and aptamers, without any loss in their activities. However, most HWEBs suffer from low mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Many studies have been performed on emerging electroactive nanofillers, including biomacromolecules, carbon-based materials, and inorganic and organic nanomaterials, to tackle these issues. Non-conductive hydrogels and even conductive hydrogels may be modified by nanofillers, as well as redox species. All these modifications have led to the design and development of efficient nanocomposites as electrochemical biosensors. In this review, both conductive-based and non-conductive-based hydrogels derived from natural and synthetic polymers are systematically reviewed. The main synthesis methods and characterization techniques are addressed. The mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of HWEBs are discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects and potential applications of HWEBs in biosensing, healthcare monitoring, and clinical diagnostics are highlighted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 6696 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nanobiosensors Design Using 2D Materials: Implementation in Infectious and Fatal Disease Diagnosis

by Nandita Singh, Daphika S. Dkhar, Pranjal Chandra and Uday Pratap Azad

Biosensors 2023, 13(2), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020166 - 20 Jan 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3634

Abstract

Nanobiosensors are devices that utilize a very small probe and any form of electrical, optical, or magnetic technology to detect and analyze a biochemical or biological process. With an increasing population today, nanobiosensors have become the broadly used electroanalytical tools for the timely [...] Read more.

Nanobiosensors are devices that utilize a very small probe and any form of electrical, optical, or magnetic technology to detect and analyze a biochemical or biological process. With an increasing population today, nanobiosensors have become the broadly used electroanalytical tools for the timely detection of many infectious (dengue, hepatitis, tuberculosis, leukemia, etc.) and other fatal diseases, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc., at their early stage. Compared to classical or traditional analytical methods, nanobiosensors have significant benefits, including low detection limit, high selectivity and sensitivity, shorter analysis duration, easier portability, biocompatibility, and ease of miniaturization for on-site monitoring. Very similar to biosensors, nanobiosensors can also be classified in numerous ways, either depending on biological molecules, such as enzymes, antibodies, and aptamer, or by working principles, such as optical and electrochemical. Various nanobiosensors, such as cyclic voltametric, amperometric, impedimetric, etc., have been discussed for the timely monitoring of the infectious and fatal diseases at their early stage. Nanobiosensors performance and efficiency can be enhanced by using a variety of engineered nanostructures, which include nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanopores, self-adhesive monolayers, nanowires, and nanocomposites. Here, this mini review recaps the application of two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), graphene oxide, black phosphorous, and MXenes, for the construction of the nanobiosensors and their application for the diagnosis of various infectious diseases at very early stage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

40 pages, 3249 KiB

Open AccessReview

Trends in Application of SERS Substrates beyond Ag and Au, and Their Role in Bioanalysis

by Alisher Sultangaziyev, Aisha Ilyas, Aigerim Dyussupova and Rostislav Bukasov

Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 967; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12110967 - 03 Nov 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3394

Abstract

This article compares the applications of traditional gold and silver-based SERS substrates and less conventional (Pd/Pt, Cu, Al, Si-based) SERS substrates, focusing on sensing, biosensing, and clinical analysis. In recent decades plethora of new biosensing and clinical SERS applications have fueled the search [...] Read more.

This article compares the applications of traditional gold and silver-based SERS substrates and less conventional (Pd/Pt, Cu, Al, Si-based) SERS substrates, focusing on sensing, biosensing, and clinical analysis. In recent decades plethora of new biosensing and clinical SERS applications have fueled the search for more cost-effective, scalable, and stable substrates since traditional gold and silver-based substrates are quite expensive, prone to corrosion, contamination and non-specific binding, particularly by S-containing compounds. Following that, we briefly described our experimental experience with Si and Al-based SERS substrates and systematically analyzed the literature on SERS on substrate materials such as Pd/Pt, Cu, Al, and Si. We tabulated and discussed figures of merit such as enhancement factor (EF) and limit of detection (LOD) from analytical applications of these substrates. The results of the comparison showed that Pd/Pt substrates are not practical due to their high cost; Cu-based substrates are less stable and produce lower signal enhancement. Si and Al-based substrates showed promising results, particularly in combination with gold and silver nanostructures since they could produce comparable EFs and LODs as conventional substrates. In addition, their stability and relatively low cost make them viable alternatives for gold and silver-based substrates. Finally, this review highlighted and compared the clinical performance of non-traditional SERS substrates and traditional gold and silver SERS substrates. We discovered that if we take the average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of clinical SERS assays reported in the literature, those parameters, particularly accuracy (93–94%), are similar for SERS bioassays on AgNP@Al, Si-based, Au-based, and Ag-based substrates. We hope that this review will encourage research into SERS biosensing on aluminum, silicon, and some other substrates. These Al and Si based substrates may respond efficiently to the major challenges to the SERS practical application. For instance, they may be not only less expensive, e.g., Al foil, but also in some cases more selective and sometimes more reproducible, when compared to gold-only or silver-only based SERS substrates. Overall, it may result in a greater diversity of applicable SERS substrates, allowing for better optimization and selection of the SERS substrate for a specific sensing/biosensing or clinical application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1866 KiB

Open AccessReview

Detection of Alpha-Fetoprotein Using Aptamer-Based Sensors

by Lei Liu, Huixing Wang, Bing Xie, Bianjiang Zhang, Yuanwei Lin and Li Gao

Biosensors 2022, 12(10), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12100780 - 21 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2893

Abstract

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely-known as the most commonly used protein biomarker for liver cancer diagnosis at the early stage. Therefore, developing the highly sensitive and reliable method of AFP detection is of essential demand for practical applications. Herein, two types of aptamer-based AFP [...] Read more.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely-known as the most commonly used protein biomarker for liver cancer diagnosis at the early stage. Therefore, developing the highly sensitive and reliable method of AFP detection is of essential demand for practical applications. Herein, two types of aptamer-based AFP detection methods, i.e., optical and electrochemical biosensors, are reviewed in detail. The optical biosensors include Raman spectroscopy, dual-polarization interferometry, resonance light-scattering, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence. The electrochemical biosensors include cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and giant magnetic impedance. Looking into the future, methods for AFP detection that are high sensitivity, long-term stability, low cost, and operation convenience will continue to be developed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 4328 KiB

Open AccessReview

Affinity Assays for Cannabinoids Detection: Are They Amenable to On-Site Screening?

by Mihaela Puiu and Camelia Bala

Biosensors 2022, 12(8), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080608 - 06 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2826

Abstract

Roadside testing of illicit drugs such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) requires simple, rapid, and cost-effective methods. The need for non-invasive detection tools has led to the development of selective and sensitive platforms, able to detect phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids by means of their main [...] Read more.

Roadside testing of illicit drugs such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) requires simple, rapid, and cost-effective methods. The need for non-invasive detection tools has led to the development of selective and sensitive platforms, able to detect phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids by means of their main metabolites in breath, saliva, and urine samples. One may estimate the time passed from drug exposure and the frequency of use by corroborating the detection results with pharmacokinetic data. In this review, we report on the current detection methods of cannabinoids in biofluids. Fluorescent, electrochemical, colorimetric, and magnetoresistive biosensors will be briefly overviewed, putting emphasis on the affinity formats amenable to on-site screening, with possible applications in roadside testing and anti-doping control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

16 pages, 4009 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

The Integration of Gold Nanoparticles with Polymerase Chain Reaction for Constructing Colorimetric Sensing Platforms for Detection of Health-Related DNA and Proteins

by Wanhe Wang, Xueliang Wang, Jingqi Liu, Chuankai Lin, Jianhua Liu and Jing Wang

Biosensors 2022, 12(6), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12060421 - 16 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2455

Abstract

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the standard tool in genetic information analysis, and the desirable detection merits of PCR have been extended to disease-related protein analysis. Recently, the combination of PCR and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to construct colorimetric sensing platforms has received considerable [...] Read more.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the standard tool in genetic information analysis, and the desirable detection merits of PCR have been extended to disease-related protein analysis. Recently, the combination of PCR and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to construct colorimetric sensing platforms has received considerable attention due to its high sensitivity, visual detection, capability for on-site detection, and low cost. However, it lacks a related review to summarize and discuss the advances in this area. This perspective gives an overview of established methods based on the combination of PCR and AuNPs for the visual detection of health-related DNA and proteins. Moreover, this work also addresses the future trends and perspectives for PCR–AuNP hybrid biosensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Trends in Development of Biosensors for Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (14 papers)

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI