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Applied Sciences
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Material Science, Implants, and Peri-Implant Tissues
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Material Science, Implants, and Peri-Implant Tissues

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 18899

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Gaetano Marenzi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurosciences, Reproduction and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
Interests: osseointegration; tissue regeneration; platelet concentrates; implant surface; implant aesthetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced knowledge is revolutionizing the production of implants and scaffolds with complex or intricate geometries to promote peri-implant tissue healing and regeneration. Many aspects can influence their clinical outcome (biocompatibility, safety, surface microtopography, macrodesign, geometry, porosity, and mechanical properties, material properties, and composition). Nevertheless, the processing conditions for manufacturing implants and scaffolds, which fulfill clinical, material, and mechanical requirements, warrant further investigation. It is important to assess aspects of advanced/optimized biomaterials and dental implants which are able to assure a biological response with clinical advantage (tissue biotype improvement, reduction of the treatment time, additional aesthetics). This Special Issue of Applied Sciences on “Biomaterials, Implants, and Peri-implant Tissues” will focus on recent progress in the development of implants, scaffolds, and surgical techniques in peri-implant tissue healing/regeneration. Biological or biomechanical responses to implant and biomaterial manufacturing, surface functionalization, chemical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties, which can be suggested ways to solve the problems of traditional dental implant care, are particularly emphasized. It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue; original contributions (scientific basis, experimental and clinical studies) are welcome.

Dr. Gaetano Marenzi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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13 pages, 1715 KiB  
Article
Domiciliary Use of Chlorhexidine vs. Postbiotic Gels in Patients with Peri-Implant Mucositis: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial
by Andrea Butera, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Matteo Pellegrini, Simone Gallo, Paolo Zampetti, Giada Cuggia and Andrea Scribante
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 2800; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062800 - 09 Mar 2022
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 2658
Abstract
Peri-implant mucositis is a pathological condition characterized by an inflammatory process in the peri-implant soft tissues. Progression to peri-implantitis takes place in case of peri-implant bone resorption. Recently, an aid for non-surgical treatment by mechanical debridement (SRP) has been identified in probiotics. As [...] Read more.
Peri-implant mucositis is a pathological condition characterized by an inflammatory process in the peri-implant soft tissues. Progression to peri-implantitis takes place in case of peri-implant bone resorption. Recently, an aid for non-surgical treatment by mechanical debridement (SRP) has been identified in probiotics. As there are no recent studies regarding their use for peri-implant mucositis, the aim of this study was to test a new postbiotic gel for this clinical condition. A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was performed. Twenty patients undergoing SRP were randomly assigned to two treatments based on the following oral gels: chlorhexidine-based Curasept Periodontal Gel (Group 1) and postbiotic-based Biorepair Parodontgel Intensive (Group 2). At baseline (T0) and after three (T1) and six (T2) months, the following peri-implant mucositis indexes were recorded: Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Bleeding Score (BS), Marginal Mucosal Condition (MMC). A significant decrease is reported for both postbiotic and chlorhexidine for all peri-implant mucositis indices studied. Quite the opposite, no significant variation was present in intergroup comparisons. Greater improvements for BS, GBI and MMC inflammatory indices of the postbiotic gel compared to chlorhexidine suggest the importance of further studies to investigate the relevance of the product alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Science, Implants, and Peri-Implant Tissues)
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12 pages, 1293 KiB  
Article
Ozonized Water Administration in Peri-Implant Mucositis Sites: A Randomized Clinical Trial
by Andrea Butera, Simone Gallo, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Gabriele Luraghi and Andrea Scribante
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 7812; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177812 - 25 Aug 2021
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 3107
Abstract
Peri-implant mucositis represents an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa surrounding an endosseous implant, without the loss of the supporting peri-implant bone. Considering its reversible nature, every effort should be made to contrast it, thus avoiding the eventual progression towards peri-implantitis. The aim of [...] Read more.
Peri-implant mucositis represents an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa surrounding an endosseous implant, without the loss of the supporting peri-implant bone. Considering its reversible nature, every effort should be made to contrast it, thus avoiding the eventual progression towards peri-implantitis. The aim of the present randomized clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy of the ozonized water against peri-implant mucositis. A total of 26 patients diagnosed for this latter clinical condition were randomly divided according to the professional oral hygiene protocol performed on the pathological sites at baseline, at T1 (1 month), and T2 (2 months). Group 1 underwent an ozonized water administration (experimental treatment), whereas Group 2 underwent a pure water one (control treatment). Both administrations were performed with the same professional irrigator (Aquolab® professional water jet, Aquolab s.r.l. EB2C S.r.l., Milano, Italy) with no differences in color or taste between the two substances delivered. At each appointment, the following indexes were assessed: the Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding on Probing (BoP), and Bleeding Score (BS). As regards intragroup differences, in Group 1 ozonized water significantly and progressively reduced all the clinical indexes tested, except for PI in the period T1–T2, whereas no significant differences occurred within the control group. Despite this, no significant intergroup differences were generally detected between the two treatments. Accordingly, the role of ozone for the management of peri-implant mucositis deserves to be further investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Science, Implants, and Peri-Implant Tissues)
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8 pages, 4818 KiB  
Article
Blood Wettability of Different Dental Implant Surfaces after Different Pre-Treatments: Ultrasonic Instrumentation, Platelet-Rich Fibrin Coating, and Acid Etching. An In Vitro Study
by Lorenzo Bevilacqua, Francesco Faccioni, Davide Porrelli, Paolo Faccioni, Francesco Rusin, Andrea Frassetto and Michele Maglione
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1433; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041433 - 05 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1874
Abstract
Background: The blood wettability of titanium implant surfaces favors primary osseointegration and tissue healing in peri-implantitis. The current study aims to evaluate this property on the main different kinds of surfaces, brand new and after treatments. Methods: grade IV titanium disks were used, [...] Read more.
Background: The blood wettability of titanium implant surfaces favors primary osseointegration and tissue healing in peri-implantitis. The current study aims to evaluate this property on the main different kinds of surfaces, brand new and after treatments. Methods: grade IV titanium disks were used, five machined, five laser-treated, five sandblasted. The experiment was on four steps. Between each step, specimens were sterilized. At the end of each step, a 4 µL blood drop was put on the samples, and contact angles were calculated. The steps consisted of—1: no treatment; 2: surface instrumentation with an ultrasonic titanium tip; 3: platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) coating and drying with sterile gauze; 4: etching with phosphoric acid, rinse and saline solution and air-drying. At the end of each phase, a blood drop was placed on the surfaces. Blood for PRF preparation and for calculation of contact angles was collected from a single source. Results: average wettability decreased after instrumentation, and increased after the PRF application to a superior level both to the first and second steps. The highest wettability was obtained after etching. This trend is statistically significant for machined and sandblasted surfaces. Conclusions: In the clinical environment, PRF and phosphoric acid used for conditioning exposed implant surfaces can be used for the healing of peri-implant tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Science, Implants, and Peri-Implant Tissues)
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9 pages, 8638 KiB  
Article
Peri-Implant Bone Damage Procured by Piezoelectric and Conventional Implant Site Preparation: An In Vitro Comparison
by Alberto Rebaudi, Federico Rebaudi, Fabrizio Barberis, Gilberto Sammartino and Gaetano Marenzi
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8909; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248909 - 14 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1722
Abstract
Background: The conventional drill technique is the most commonly used for the implant site preparation of the desired diameter and length. Ultrasonic implant site preparation (UISP) can also be used to perform an implant site preparation of the desired dimensions. Methods: Implant sites [...] Read more.
Background: The conventional drill technique is the most commonly used for the implant site preparation of the desired diameter and length. Ultrasonic implant site preparation (UISP) can also be used to perform an implant site preparation of the desired dimensions. Methods: Implant sites were prepared in fresh bone ribs with two different implant site preparation techniques: implant surgical drills and piezoelectric tips. Samples were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for evaluating the peri-implant bone damage. Result: In the surgical drills group, the cortical bone surface showed several cracks and the bone vascular canals were hidden by a dense smear layer. Cancellous bone showed large irregularities and trabecular fractures. The piezoelectric group showed a clean and smooth cortical bone surface with opened bone vascular canals; the cancellous bone presented a regular morphology, and the trabecular spaces, clearly visible, were free of debris. Conclusions: Ultrasonic implant site preparation showed cleaner bone surfaces and lower bone trauma compared with the preparation using implant surgical drills. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Science, Implants, and Peri-Implant Tissues)
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13 pages, 3366 KiB  
Article
Can Bone Compaction Improve Primary Implant Stability? An In Vitro Comparative Study with Osseodensification Technique
by Alessandro Antonelli, Francesco Bennardo, Ylenia Brancaccio, Selene Barone, Felice Femiano, Ludovica Nucci, Giuseppe Minervini, Leonzio Fortunato, Ferdinando Attanasio and Amerigo Giudice
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8623; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238623 - 02 Dec 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3123 | Correction
Abstract
Background: This study aims to analyze bone compaction and osseodensification techniques and to investigate how cancellous bone compaction could influence primary implant stability (PS). Methods: Two different surgical protocols (bone compactors—BC; osseodensification drills—OD) were compared by placing 20 implants into 20 fresh pig [...] Read more.
Background: This study aims to analyze bone compaction and osseodensification techniques and to investigate how cancellous bone compaction could influence primary implant stability (PS). Methods: Two different surgical protocols (bone compactors—BC; osseodensification drills—OD) were compared by placing 20 implants into 20 fresh pig ribs for each procedure. Peak insertion torque (PIT) and peak removal torque (PRT) were investigated using an MGT-12 digital torque gauge, and implant stability quotient (ISQ) was analyzed using an Osstell® Beacon device. Results: Analysis of our data (T-test p < 0.05) evidenced no statistically significant difference between BC and OD in terms of PIT (p = 0.33) or ISQ (p = 0.97). The comparison of PRT values showed a statistically significant difference between BC and OD protocols (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Cancellous bone compaction seems to improve PS, preserving a significant amount of bone and evenly spreading trabeculae on the entire implant site. While the PIT and ISQ values obtained are similar, the PRT values suggest different physical responses from the surrounding bone tissue. Nevertheless, a larger sample and further in vivo studies are necessary to validate the usefulness of BC protocol in several clinical settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Science, Implants, and Peri-Implant Tissues)
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21 pages, 12900 KiB  
Case Report
Immediate Implant Placement and Provisionalization in the Esthetic Zone Revisited: The Marginal Migration Concept (MMC)
by Konstantinos Valavanis, Ioannis Vergoullis, Michalis Papastamos and Henry Salama
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8944; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248944 - 15 Dec 2020
Viewed by 5356
Abstract
Immediate implant placement and provisionalization in the esthetic zone is a desirable approach that presents several advantages but at the same time embosses several risk factors that can lead to sever esthetic complications. The purpose of this article was to propose a new [...] Read more.
Immediate implant placement and provisionalization in the esthetic zone is a desirable approach that presents several advantages but at the same time embosses several risk factors that can lead to sever esthetic complications. The purpose of this article was to propose a new protocol that could allow for the maintenance and even the improvement of the hard and soft tissue topography, leading to superior esthetic results. The proposed protocol, when certain criteria are met, could be applied even for cases where the extraction socket morphology is currently proposed as a contra-indication for immediate implant placement and provisionalization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Science, Implants, and Peri-Implant Tissues)
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