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Applied Sciences
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Selected Papers from MMSE 2021
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Selected Papers from MMSE 2021

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 49611

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Seeram Ramakrishna

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
Interests: circular economy; sustainability; energy; biomaterials; nanofibers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Pasquale Arpaia

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Guest Editor
Interdepartmental Research Center in Health Management and Innovation in Healthcare (CIRMIS), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: instrumentation and measurement for magnets; advanced materials; beam; superconductors; power converters; cryogenics of particle accelerators; biomedical instrumentation; augmented reality; brain–computer interfaces; evolutionary diagnostics; distributed measurement systems; analog-to-digital converter (ADC) modeling and testing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Emin Bayraktar

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Supmeca-Paris, 3 rue Fernand Hainaut, 93400 Saint Ouen, France
Interests: advanced manufacturing processes (sinter forging, thixoforming); damage mechanisms of materials (metallic, intermetallic, rubber and epoxy-based composites); design of new composites and damage characterization; design and manufacturing of recycled constituent composites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Qiang Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
Interests: theoretic computational modeling in multiple disciplinary applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Marco Giorgetti

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Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Interests: electrodes for energy; cathode and anode materials for advanced batteries; characterization of materials and electrodes by core level spectroscopies; metal hexacyanoferrates
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In light of the vibrant research into mechanical and material engineering in most countries, the MMSE 2021 organizing committee in consultation with the co-organizers remains committed to work that focuses on mechanical, advanced manufacturing technology, robotics, and material engineering in the context of industrial applications and the myriad of ways they affect our daily lives.

The MMSE2021 is an immense opportunity for world-class personalities, young scholars, scientific delegates, and young scientists to utilize the expertise and novelties in this new era of innovation for the field. It also provides a special channel to have open discussions, knowledge sharing, and interactive sessions with field experts.

This Special Issue will demonstrate the latest research trends in engineering, including applications, advanced technologies, and processes. It covers several fields of mechanical engineering and their technological applications such as fluid mechanics, manufacture, design, robotics and autonomous systems, micro-and nano-mechanical systems, transmissions, machines and vehicles, and dynamics. It also includes different fields of material engineering such as advanced materials, materials science and engineering, materials processing and forming, surfaces, interfaces, and lubrication, among other related topics.

We invite you and your colleagues to submit a contribution in the form of an original scientific report, research article, communication, or review article for this Special Issue. We encourage the submission to the thank presenters and speakers in advance for your attendance at this conference and look forward to a stimulating exchange.

Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Dr. Cathy Xu, (email: 120121549@cug.edu.cn).

For any questions regarding the journal, you may also get assistance from the editorial office (Assistant to the Editor Ms. Marin Ma, email: marin.ma@mdpi.com)

Looking forward to hearing from you.

The 7th International Conference on Machinery, Material Science and Engineering Application (MMSE 2021) will take place from 4–6 June 2021, in Hangzhou, China.

Prof. Dr. Seeram Ramakrishna
Prof. Dr. Pasquale Arpaia
Prof. Dr. Emin Bayraktar
Dr. Qiang Xu
Prof. Dr. Marco Giorgetti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Fluid mechanics
  • manufacture
  • design
  • robotics and autonomous systems
  • micro-and nano-mechanical systems
  • transmissions
  • machines and vehicles
  • dynamics
  • advanced materials
  • materials Science and engineering
  • materials processing and forming
  • surfaces
  • interfaces and lubrication

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 5261 KiB  
Article
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Depth-Wise Separable Convolutions with Multi-Sensor Data Weighted Fusion
by Tong Wang, Xin Xu, Hongxia Pan, Xuefang Chang, Taotao Yuan, Xu Zhang and Hongzhao Xu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7640; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157640 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1314
Abstract
Given the problems of low accuracy and complex process steps currently faced by the field of fault diagnosis, a fault diagnosis method based on multi-sensor data weighted fusion (MSDWF) combined with depth-wise separable convolutions (DWSC) is proposed. The method takes into account the [...] Read more.
Given the problems of low accuracy and complex process steps currently faced by the field of fault diagnosis, a fault diagnosis method based on multi-sensor data weighted fusion (MSDWF) combined with depth-wise separable convolutions (DWSC) is proposed. The method takes into account the temporal and spatial information contained in multi-sensor data and can realize end-to-end bearing fault diagnosis. MSDWF is committed to comprehensively characterizing the state information of bearings, and the weighted operation of the multi-sensor data is to establish the interactive information to tap into the inline relationship in the data; DWSC equipped with residual connection is used to realize the decoupling of the channel and spatial correlation of the data. In order to verify the proposed method, the data obtained by a different number of sensors with weighted and unweighted states are used as the input of DWSC, respectively, for comparison, and finally, the effectiveness of MSDWF is verified. Through the comparison between different fault diagnosis methods, the method based on MSDWF and DWSC shows better stability and higher accuracy. Finally, when facing different experimental datasets, the method has similar performance, which shows the stability of the method on different datasets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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25 pages, 9391 KiB  
Article
Study of Fault Identification of Clearance in Cam Mechanism
by Xuefang Chang, Hongxia Pan, Jian Xu and Tong Wang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7420; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157420 - 24 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1233
Abstract
The clearance between the main roller and the cylinder cam has an important impact on the operational status of the bolt. In order to achieve the clearance and recoil of the cylinder cam mechanism, a bolt model was built and studied. The leading [...] Read more.
The clearance between the main roller and the cylinder cam has an important impact on the operational status of the bolt. In order to achieve the clearance and recoil of the cylinder cam mechanism, a bolt model was built and studied. The leading dynamic roller group and the dynamic bolt were analyzed. Positive stress and friction force change quickly on the high-speed leading roller group, influencing multiple aspects. When the main roller suddenly rotates or reverses in several short intervals, the assembling clearance and the massive friction force between the main roller and the cam curve slot are the main wear factors in theoretical analysis and test experiments. The leading roller group, the pure rolling criterion of the cylindrical cam mechanism of the automaton, is derived in this paper. Moreover, a new fault diagnosis method is developed, based on the Variational Box Dimension Kernel Fuzzy Mean Clustering Algorithm (VK) algorithm, which combines the variational mode decomposition and fractal box-counting dimension (VMD-FBCD) and the fuzzy clustering algorithms with a kernelized Mahalanobis distance (KMD-FC). With the simulation validation from 2810 samples, diagnosis using the VK algorithm is found to have a higher accuracy rate and slightly lower fallacy rate and to be faster than other diagnostic methods of similar studies. The results in terms of the recoil cylinder cam mechanism’s multi-body dynamic analysis and high-speed fault identification also have significance as a reference for solving similar problems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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12 pages, 2144 KiB  
Article
Torsional Stiffness Analysis Based on Lagrangian Method for Precision Rotary Vector Reducer with Involute Variable Tooth Thickness
by Le Chang, Yucheng Huang, Najeeb Ullah, Ling Zhu, Zhenyu Lv and Yuanlin Jing
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7003; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147003 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1816
Abstract
The precision rotary vector reducer with involute variable tooth thickness (PRVT) is a high-performance precision transmission device, which is very suitable for aerospace, medical machinery, industrial robots, automation equipment, and other fields, and its torsional stiffness is an important performance index. This paper [...] Read more.
The precision rotary vector reducer with involute variable tooth thickness (PRVT) is a high-performance precision transmission device, which is very suitable for aerospace, medical machinery, industrial robots, automation equipment, and other fields, and its torsional stiffness is an important performance index. This paper establishes a dynamics model of the whole machine based on the Lagrangian method by considering gear meshing stiffness, damping, and machining errors, and the influence of different machining errors on dynamic torsional stiffness is studied. The results show that increasing the distribution circle radius error of the crankshaft, the crank angle error and the distribution circle radius error of the crankshaft bearing hole on the carrier will cause the peak-to-peak torsional stiffness to increase. Therefore, the machining errors should be controlled within a reasonable range to improve the whole machine’s stability. An increase in the crankshaft bearing hole rotation error on the No. 1 beveloid gear has no notable impact on the peak-to-peak value and the average value of the torsional stiffness. Similarly, the rotation angle error of the crankshaft bearing hole on the No. 1 carrier has no significant effect on the torsional stiffness. The research results provide a useful reference for the torsional stiffness analysis of PRVT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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17 pages, 10786 KiB  
Article
Prestress Modal Analysis and Optimization of Cantilever Supported Rotor under the Unbalanced Axis Force and Moving Mass
by Hao Yang, Jian Xu, Guoqiang Wang, Zhen Yang and Qiang Li
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4940; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12104940 - 13 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1736
Abstract
In order to reduce the x-direction and Y-direction displacement disturbance of the barrel and improve the firing accuracy, based on Bernoulli Euler’s theoretical assumption of beam and taking M134 barrel machine gun as the calculation model, the pre-stress modal analysis and optimization of [...] Read more.
In order to reduce the x-direction and Y-direction displacement disturbance of the barrel and improve the firing accuracy, based on Bernoulli Euler’s theoretical assumption of beam and taking M134 barrel machine gun as the calculation model, the pre-stress modal analysis and optimization of cantilever supported rotor under unbalanced force and moving mass are carried out in this paper. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) M134 physical model is established, and the unbalanced force in the motion process of projectile in bore is solved by interior ballistic theory; (2) Based on the unbalanced rotor theory, the barrel vibration model considering the projectile weight and acceleration is established; (3) The critical speed model of high-speed rotating system is established, and the critical speed is determined by finite element modal analysis to determine the rigid/flexible state of barrel components in different speed regions; (4) Based on the above model, take the x-direction and Y-direction displacement of the barrel as the output value, and take the elastic modulus of the barrel, the relative position between the barrel hoop and the fuselage components and the cross-sectional area as the variable values, carry out the optimization design, and verify the firing accuracy before and after optimization through experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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12 pages, 2433 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Twisting Tension in the Direct-Twisting Machine and the Fitting Model Based on the Experimental Data
by Shunqi Mei, Mengying Zhang, Di Qi, Liye Yang, Qiao Xu and Ming Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4298; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094298 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1710
Abstract
The tension of the balloon yarn in the direct-twisting machine affects the yarn breakage and balloon shape, which in turn affects the energy consumption and yarn productivity of the direct-twisting machine. At present, research on the balloon tension of an industrial yarn direct-twisting [...] Read more.
The tension of the balloon yarn in the direct-twisting machine affects the yarn breakage and balloon shape, which in turn affects the energy consumption and yarn productivity of the direct-twisting machine. At present, research on the balloon tension of an industrial yarn direct-twisting machine is very rare, both in China and abroad. In this regard, this paper establishes a theoretical model for balloon yarn tension during the yarn twisting process of an industrial yarn direct-twisting machine based on yarn balloon kinematics. The experiment of the yarn balloon tension of the direct-twisting machine under different yarn fineness and different spindle angular speed is carried out. The influence of the angular speed of the spindle, the yarn fineness, and other factors on the tension of the balloon yarn in the direct-twisting machine is investigated. By using mathematical statistics and regression analysis methods, the fitting equations of the yarn balloon tension of the direct-twisting machine are established. The research results show that the relationship between the balloon yarn tension of the direct-twisting machine, the angular velocity of the spindle, and the yarn fineness can be fitted by a quadratic polynomial. The predicted value of balloon yarn tension based on the fitted equation has a small relative error compared to the measured value, and the prediction result is more reliable and accurate. This paper contributes specifically by adding to the understanding of how to model the yarn tension for the specific machine and the range of the test. It also contributes to the generical methodology on how to develop such a model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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10 pages, 2941 KiB  
Article
Compound Boronizing and Its Kinetics Analysis for H13 Steel with Rare Earth CeO2 and Cr2O3
by Shunqi Mei, Yanwei Zhang, Quan Zheng, Yu Fan, Burial Lygdenov and Alexey Guryev
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3636; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073636 - 03 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1590
Abstract
The compound boronizing of H13 steel sample was carried out by adding rare earth CeO2, and the effects of main parameters of compound boronizing on the properties of the boronizing layer were investigated. The boronizing kinetics were also analyzed. Under the [...] Read more.
The compound boronizing of H13 steel sample was carried out by adding rare earth CeO2, and the effects of main parameters of compound boronizing on the properties of the boronizing layer were investigated. The boronizing kinetics were also analyzed. Under the conditions of boronizing temperatures of 850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C, and 1000 °C, and boronizing times of 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, and 5 h, the boronizing experiment was carried out by adding CeO2 with mass fraction of 2%, 4% and 6%, Cr2O3 with a mass fraction of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. The results show that boronizing H13 steel with rare earth CeO2 is conducive to the diffusion of boron atoms and can significantly improve the thickness and microhardness of boronizing layer. Boronizing kinetic analysis shows that the diffusion activation energy of boron atom decreases significantly when the rare earth content is 4%, which indicates that the content of rare earth CeO2 with 4% is an ideal selection for considering improving the utilization rate of rare earth materials, and the boronizing kinetic analysis can provide a quantitative basis for determining the content of rare earth metals. Therefore, experiments and analysis show that for H13 steel, when the boronizing temperature is 950 °C, time is 4 h and rare earth content is 4%, the thickness of the boronizing layer can reach 71 μm and the microhardness at the depth of 70 μm from the surface layer can reach 1546.32 HV. Moreover, on this basis, when Cr2O3 with a rare earth content of 2% is added, the microstructure and wear resistance of the boronizing layer are significantly improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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15 pages, 4602 KiB  
Article
Structural Performance Optimization Design of Continuously Accelerating Electromagnetic Weft Insertion System
by Qiao Xu, Xiaolong Cui, Shunqi Mei, Yuchen He, Zhen Chen and Fanhe Meng
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3611; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073611 - 01 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2125
Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of low electromagnetic weft insertion acceleration performance of extra-large width automatic looms. Based on single-stage electromagnetic weft insertion and multi-stage intermittent electromagnetic weft insertion, a sectional combined continuous acceleration electromagnetic weft insertion design plan is proposed. First, a [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the problem of low electromagnetic weft insertion acceleration performance of extra-large width automatic looms. Based on single-stage electromagnetic weft insertion and multi-stage intermittent electromagnetic weft insertion, a sectional combined continuous acceleration electromagnetic weft insertion design plan is proposed. First, a new type of weft gripper for electromagnetic weft insertion is designed on the basis of the traditional projectile, and a segmented combined structure optimization design is carried out on the 90 mm single-stage coil. Next, the electromagnetic weft insertion movement model is established to analyze the force and movement speed of the gripper during the movement. The amount of work done by the electromagnetic force of the combined coil determines the exit speed of the weft gripper. Finally, in order to find the best parameters of the combined coil structure to meet the requirements of the launch speed, the steady state and transient performance of the segmented combined continuous acceleration coil are analyzed using Maxwell simulation software. The launch performance of the combined coil with different axial lengths of 45 mm, 30 mm, and 15 mm is compared. The results show that the entire acceleration process is more stable and efficient when the combined coil length is 30 mm, the inner diameter is 18 mm, and the number of turns is 600. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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11 pages, 2916 KiB  
Article
Study on Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Red 73 by Fe3O4@TiO2 Exposed (001) Facets
by Li Sun, Quan Zhou, Jiaheng Mao, Xingyu Ouyang, Zhigang Yuan, Xiaoxiang Song, Wenbang Gong, Shunqi Mei and Wei Xu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3574; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073574 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1706
Abstract
Water pollution can be treated through the photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 or TiO2 compounds. A solvothermal method was used to prepare Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@TiO2 composite photocatalyst with (001) high-energy facets exposed in the [...] Read more.
Water pollution can be treated through the photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 or TiO2 compounds. A solvothermal method was used to prepare Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@TiO2 composite photocatalyst with (001) high-energy facets exposed in the anatase phase. TiO2 and Fe3O4@TiO2 were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the composite Fe3O4@TiO2 can reduce the band gap and maintain a certain proportion of (001) high-energy facet exposure. The band gaps of Fe3O4@TiO2 and TiO2 are 2.5 eV and 2.9 eV, respectively. The exposure percentages of (001) facets of Fe3O4@TiO2 and TiO2 are about 25.2% and 12.1%, respectively. Fe3O4@TiO2 was used for photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 73, and it was found that Fe3O4@TiO2 could improve the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 73. The photocatalytic degradation rates of Fe3O4@TiO2 and TiO2 at 24 min were 93.56% and 74.47%, respectively. The cycle experiment of photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 73 by Fe3O4@TiO2 showed that at the fifth cycle, the rate of dye degradation decreased to 77.05%, but the rate of dye degradation can reach more than 90% after self-cleaning treatment. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism is explained by the energy band theory and the first-order kinetic equation model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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11 pages, 3247 KiB  
Article
Research on Key Factors of Sealing Performance of Combined Sealing Ring
by Heming Cheng, Xinyuan Chen, Xiaolan Chen and Hucheng Liu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 714; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020714 - 12 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2113
Abstract
In this study, the mechanical properties of a combined seal ring under different loads were numerically calculated using ANSYS. The effect of the working pressure and pre-compression ratio of a rubber O-ring on the contact stress of the combined seal ring was studied. [...] Read more.
In this study, the mechanical properties of a combined seal ring under different loads were numerically calculated using ANSYS. The effect of the working pressure and pre-compression ratio of a rubber O-ring on the contact stress of the combined seal ring was studied. The influence of the wear ring’s chamfer, thickness, and width on the contact stress and contact force of the combined seal ring was analyzed. Studies have shown that it is particularly important to select a compression ratio that is suitable for the working conditions. Under the same conditions of working pressure and compression ratio, upon increasing the wear ring chamfer, the contact pressure is decreased due to the decreasing contact bandwidth between the wear ring and the cylinder wall. This has little effect on the contact stress of the combined seal ring as well as the contact force, while the width of the wear ring is proportional to the latter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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16 pages, 2824 KiB  
Article
Influence of Piping on On-Line Continuous Weighing of Materials inside Process Equipment: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification
by Yuanlin Jing, Feng Guo, Yiping Wang and Qunwu Huang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5246; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115246 - 04 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1958
Abstract
Due to the continuity and complexity of chemical systems, piping and operating conditions will have a significant effect on the on-line continuous weighing of materials inside process equipment. In this paper, a mathematical model of the weighing system considering piping and operating conditions [...] Read more.
Due to the continuity and complexity of chemical systems, piping and operating conditions will have a significant effect on the on-line continuous weighing of materials inside process equipment. In this paper, a mathematical model of the weighing system considering piping and operating conditions was established based on the gas–liquid continuous heat transfer weighing process. A theoretical criterion which can be extended to any continuous weighing system of the materials inside equipment with connected piping is obtained through the mechanical derivation between the material mass, the cantilever beam deflection, the strain gage deformation, and the bridge output voltage. This criterion can effectively predict the influence of piping on weighing results with specific accuracy, and provide a basis for engineering optimization design. On this basis, a set of gas–liquid continuous contact weighing devices was built. The static/dynamic experimental results showed that the accuracy of the system meets the set requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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10 pages, 337 KiB  
Article
Analytical Solutions of Model Problems for Large-Deformation Micromorphic Approach to Gradient Plasticity
by Ozgur Aslan and Emin Bayraktar
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(5), 2361; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052361 - 07 Mar 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1515
Abstract
The objective of this work is to present analytical solutions for several 2D model problems to demonstrate the unique plastic fields generated by the implementation of micromorphic approach for gradient plasticity. The approach is presented for finite deformations and several macroscopic and nonstandard [...] Read more.
The objective of this work is to present analytical solutions for several 2D model problems to demonstrate the unique plastic fields generated by the implementation of micromorphic approach for gradient plasticity. The approach is presented for finite deformations and several macroscopic and nonstandard microscopic boundary conditions are applied to a gliding plate to illustrate the capability to predict the size effects and inhomogeneous plastic fields promoted by the gradient terms. The constitutive behavior of the material undergoing plastic deformation is analyzed for softening, hardening and perfect plastic response and corresponding solutions are provided. The analytical solutions are also shown to match with the numerical results obtained by implementing a user element subroutine (UEL) to the commercial finite element software Abaqus/Standard. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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13 pages, 3597 KiB  
Article
Numerical and Experimental Studies of the Attenuation Characteristics of Friction Torque in a Wet Multidisc Clutch
by Man Chen, Bin Zhang, Yuqing Feng, Liang Wang and He Wang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020814 - 16 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2062
Abstract
A numerical model is proposed to calculate both the contact pressure and the friction torque (FT) of the friction components considering the spline friction in a wet multidisc clutch, which is verified by the bench test. The results indicate that the spline friction [...] Read more.
A numerical model is proposed to calculate both the contact pressure and the friction torque (FT) of the friction components considering the spline friction in a wet multidisc clutch, which is verified by the bench test. The results indicate that the spline friction of components is an important factor causing the axial attenuation of contact pressure on friction pairs. As the applied pressure increases, the attenuation amplitude of contact pressure increases gradually. In addition, the average single-pair FT decreases with the increasing number of friction pairs, thus leading to the decrease of the growth rate of total FT. Therefore, when the number of friction pairs reaches a certain number, it is not reliable to obtain a good torque enhancement, indicating that the effect of spline friction needs to be weakened to reduce the attenuation of contact pressure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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20 pages, 2941 KiB  
Article
Condition Monitoring System and Faults Detection for Impedance Bonds from Railway Infrastructure
by Mihai Andrusca, Maricel Adam, Alin Dragomir, Eduard Lunca, Ramakrishna Seeram and Octavian Postolache
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6167; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186167 - 04 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4164
Abstract
Nowadays, sensors and condition monitoring systems are expanding rapidly and becoming cheaper. This contributes to increasing developments in condition monitoring in railway transport infrastructure. A condition monitoring system that uses an online device and sensors to acquire electrical parameters from railway infrastructure has [...] Read more.
Nowadays, sensors and condition monitoring systems are expanding rapidly and becoming cheaper. This contributes to increasing developments in condition monitoring in railway transport infrastructure. A condition monitoring system that uses an online device and sensors to acquire electrical parameters from railway infrastructure has been developed and applied for fault detection and diagnosis of impedance bonds. The impedance bond condition is monitored in real-time using current and temperature sensors, providing early warning if predefined thresholds are exceeded in terms of currents, imbalance currents, and temperatures. The proposed method and the developed monitoring device have been validated in the railway laboratory to confirm its capability to detect defects. The acquired parameters from impedance bonds are used to extract thermal stresses and technical conditions of this equipment. Experimental results and appropriate data analysis are included in the article. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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Review

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17 pages, 2575 KiB  
Review
Collagen Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Systems and Tissue Engineering
by Ashni Arun, Pratyusha Malrautu, Anindita Laha, Hongrong Luo and Seeram Ramakrishna
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11369; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311369 - 01 Dec 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 7711
Abstract
The versatile natural polymer, collagen, has gained vast attention in biomedicine. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, weak antigenicity, biomimetics and well-known safety profile, it is widely used as a drug, protein and gene carrier, and as a scaffold matrix in tissue engineering. Nanoparticles [...] Read more.
The versatile natural polymer, collagen, has gained vast attention in biomedicine. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, weak antigenicity, biomimetics and well-known safety profile, it is widely used as a drug, protein and gene carrier, and as a scaffold matrix in tissue engineering. Nanoparticles develop favorable chemical and physical properties such as increased drug half-life, improved hydrophobic drug solubility and controlled and targeted drug release. Their reduced toxicity, controllable characteristics of scaffolds and stimuli-responsive behavior make them suitable in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Collagen associates and absorbs nanoparticles leading to significant impacts on their biological functioning in any biofluid. This review will discuss collagen nanoparticle preparation methods and their applications and developments in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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16 pages, 1198 KiB  
Review
Applications of Magnesium and Its Alloys: A Review
by Jovan Tan and Seeram Ramakrishna
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 6861; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156861 - 26 Jul 2021
Cited by 120 | Viewed by 13834
Abstract
Magnesium is a promising material. It has a remarkable mix of mechanical and biomedical properties that has made it suitable for a vast range of applications. Moreover, with alloying, many of these inherent properties can be further improved. Today, it is primarily used [...] Read more.
Magnesium is a promising material. It has a remarkable mix of mechanical and biomedical properties that has made it suitable for a vast range of applications. Moreover, with alloying, many of these inherent properties can be further improved. Today, it is primarily used in the automotive, aerospace, and medical industries. However, magnesium has its own set of drawbacks that the industry and research communities are actively addressing. Magnesium’s rapid corrosion is its most significant drawback, and it dramatically impeded magnesium’s growth and expansion into other applications. This article reviews both the engineering and biomedical aspects and applications for magnesium and its alloys. It will also elaborate on the challenges that the material faces and how they can be overcome and discuss its outlook. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from MMSE 2021)
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