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Special Issue "Alloys: Evolution of Microstructure and Texture"

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2023 | Viewed by 2508

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rajib Kalsar

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Guest Editor

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
Interests: texture evolution; orientation imaging microscopy; crystal plasticity

Dr. Vineet V. Joshi

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Guest Editor

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
Interests: corrosion; oxidation of metals; thermal barrier coatings; light weight materials; nuclear materials; joining technologies; brazing; materials processing
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Prof. Dr. David Field

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School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University Pullman, Pullman, WA, USA
Interests: physical and mechanical metallurgy; metal deformation and recrystallization; grain boundary structure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue in Applied Sciences is devoted to the latest research articles related to crystallographic texture and microstructural characterizations of metallic materials. Anisotropic properties due to crystallographic orientation are well known in all kinds of materials produced through various routes, such as casting, sheet forming, forging, extrusion, additive manufacturing, electro-deposition, CVD, PVD, sputtering, etc. Understanding as well as controlling textures and microstructures are critical to the design properties and performance characteristics of materials in a broad spectrum of applications, such as in the automotive industry, aerospace, and power generation. The demands for decarbonization in energy sectors and pathways towards the transition to renewable energy are further accelerated by materials design through microstructural engineering, especially in light weighting, battery, and photovoltaic cells. Currently, a wide spectrum of advanced characterization tools is being used to study nano- to meso-scale texture and microstructural features, such as TEM-OIM, EBSD, XRD, synchrotron, etc. In recent developments, 3D microscopy and stereology take the discipline one step forward for the construction, understanding, and prediction of 3D microstructure in different-length scales. From nano to meso scale, characterizations combined with various modelling tools are the recent research trends to design microstructures and assist in the prediction of properties in structural to multi-functional materials.

Dr. Rajib Kalsar
Dr. Vineet V. Joshi
Prof. Dr. David Field
Guest Editors

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Keywords

texture and microstructure
in situ characterization and modelling: X-ray diffraction, synchrotron, and EBSD
3D microstructural characterizations and stereology
texture and microstructure evolution during processing: casting, rolling, extrusion, wire drawing, forging, SPD, and 3D printing
texture and microstructure evolution in functional materials produced through electro-deposition, sputtering, CVD, and PVD

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Hot Rolling of ZK60 Magnesium Alloy with Isotropic Tensile Properties from Tubing Made by Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE)

and

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5343; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095343 - 25 Apr 2023

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Abstract

In the present work, we utilized Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE), a solid-phase processing technique, to extrude hollow tubes of ZK60 Mg alloy. Hot rolling was performed on these as-extruded tubes (after slitting them longitudinally) to thickness reductions of 37%, 68%, and 93% to investigate their viability as rolling feedstock material. EBSD analysis showed the formation of twinned grains in the ShAPE processed material and a gradual re-orientation of the basal texture parallel to the extrusion direction with each rolling step. Moreover, an equiaxed grain size of 5.15 ± 3.39 μm was obtained in the ShAPE extruded material, and the microstructure was retained even after 93% rolling reduction. The rolled sheets also showed excellent tensile strengths and no mechanical anisotropy, a critical characteristic for formability. The unique microstructures developed and their excellent mechanical properties, combined with the ease of scalability of the process, make ShAPE a promising alternative to existing methods for producing rolling feedstock material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alloys: Evolution of Microstructure and Texture)

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Open AccessArticle

Microstructure, Magnetic Properties, and Application of FINEMET-Type Alloys with Co Addition

and

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4693; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084693 - 07 Apr 2023

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Abstract

The choice of materials for cores of electrotechnical devices is currently related to energy saving and global warming problems. Nanocrystalline alloys are emerging as materials for cores in these devices in addition to amorphous materials already commonly used due to their better magnetic properties at high operating frequencies. The thermal stability of the magnetic properties of cores is also an important criterion. Keeping these criteria in mind, a study of microstructure and magnetic properties was carried out in this work, and FeCoNbBCu-type material was selected for use as the core of a choke operating in a DC/DC converter in interleaved topology. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was found that good magnetic properties and the best thermal stability were shown by Fe₅₈Co₂₅Nb₃B₁₃Cu₁ alloy. Using RALE software, the technical parameters of the choke core were determined and compared with the same parameters for a choke core made of FINEMET-type alloy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alloys: Evolution of Microstructure and Texture)

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Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Deformation Flow in 1050 Aluminum Alloy by the Implementation of Constitutive Model Parameters

and

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4359; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074359 - 29 Mar 2023

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Abstract

The behavior of technically pure aluminum was examined, and this investigation allowed the determination of the material constants by various models. The model parameters derived were subsequently used for the finite element simulations (FEM) of a cold rolling process. To determine the tuning parameters such as the strain-hardening coefficient K, strain-hardening exponent n, or elastic constant E, a tensile test was performed on the heat-treated sheet of 1050 Al alloy and the experimentally observed deformation behavior was compared to the simulated counterpart. The results of the FEM calculations reveal that the strain-hardening characteristics can be alternatively derived from the Brinell indentation. Additionally, the determined constitutive model parameters (E = 69.8 GPa, K = 144.6 MPa, and n = 0.3) were verified by simulating both the symmetric and asymmetric rolling processes. The distribution of the equivalent strain across the sheet thickness was computed by the FEM, and it was found that the modeled deformation profiles tend to reproduce the experimentally observed ones with high accuracy for different strain modes inasmuch as the mentioned rolling trials accommodate diverse amounts of shear and normal strain components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alloys: Evolution of Microstructure and Texture)

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Open AccessArticle

Examination of the Effect of Cooling Rate after Extrusion to Formability of 6061 Automotive Profiles

Athanasios Vazdirvanidis

and

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3763; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063763 - 15 Mar 2023

Viewed by 562

Abstract

As part of the present project, an inquiry is being conducted into the impact of the cooling rate subsequent to extrusion on both the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of 6061 alloy extruded profiles tailored for application in the automotive industry. Water quenching, air cooling, and step-cooling (combination of air cooling and water quenching) were performed after a solution heat treatment for simulating different cooling processes on the exit of the extrusion press. Microstructure examination was performed after artificial aging for every cooling method accompanied by three-point bending and tensile testing for investigation of differences in formability characteristics in each one of the three cases. Electron fractography, texture, and grain boundary misorientation analysis consisted the main analytical techniques, allowing the correlation between grains orientation resulting from the extrusion process with cracking initiation behavior in mechanical testing and for the determination of the regions which were more prone to cracking. From the examination, the positive role of rapid cooling for improved formability was highlighted. Through the grain boundary misorientation analysis and the formation of Taylor factor maps, it was shown that crack initiation preferably took place at subsurface regions even though “roughening” of the bent surface was obvious and expected to lead to crack initiation in the more ductile samples. Considerable amounts of LAGBs (Low Angle Grain Boundaries) (14.7%) and SGBs (Subgrain Boundaries) (4.5%) were detected in the sample which was subjected to step cooling accompanied by an outer and inner surface layers (surface zone) of 200–250 μm thicknesses exhibiting different orientations. The results of this project will be used for optimization of the automotive extruded profiles production process, ensuring improved mechanical performance and resistance to premature fracture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alloys: Evolution of Microstructure and Texture)

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