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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Antioxidant Enzymes in Cancer Biology
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Antioxidant Enzymes in Cancer Biology

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Antioxidant Enzyme Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 3848

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marlena Brzozowa-Zasada

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Histology and Cell Pathology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
Interests: histology; colon adenocarcinoma; cancer biology; cancer metabolism; signaling pathways; antioxidative enzymes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Angela Ianaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: anti-oxidant enzymes; ROS; oxidative stress; cancer metabolism; tumor progression; apoptosis; autophagy; NFκB pathway; tumor adaptation; drug resistance; angiogenesis; metastasis; tumor targeting; gasotransmitters

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is widely reported that cancer development is associated with the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Elevated levels of ROS, which are usually detected in malignant cells, can be caused by several mechanisms, e.g., an increased metabolic rate, mitochondrial dysfunction, or changes in enzymes associated with ROS metabolic pathways. Therefore, ROS may play an important role in oncogenesis, contributing to genetic instability and inducing a proliferative response by activating multiple proliferative mechanisms, including NF-κB signalling. In terms of cell biology, there is a balance between the rate of ROS production and their elimination by antioxidant enzymes.

The most significant function in the maintenance of this balance is performed by antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), and glutathione reductase (GR). Although these enzymes have different structures and are located in different organelles within cells, from a physiological point of view, they form one coherent antioxidant protection system. Understanding the activity, expression level, and role of these enzymes in cancer cells may have important clinical relevance in terms of predicting survival or modifying anti-cancer therapies.

In this Special Issue, we aim to provide insight into how pro- and anti-tumorigenic antioxidant enzymes act during cancer development and progression, as well as how their regulation, via antioxidant defence, could be manipulated for the treatment of cancer.

Dr. Marlena Brzozowa-Zasada
Dr. Angela Ianaro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antioxidative enzymes
  • ROS
  • oxidative stress
  • reductive stress
  • cancer development
  • metastasis
  • prognostic activity
  • oxygen

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4659 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Glutathione in Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Immunothrombosis and Cytokine Dysregulation
by Brandon Norris, Abraham Chorbajian, John Dawi, Aishvaryaa Shree Mohan, Ira Glassman, Jacob Ochsner, Yura Misakyan, Arbi Abnousian, Anthony Kiriaki, Kayvan Sasaninia, Edith Avitia, Cesar Ochoa and Vishwanath Venketaraman
Antioxidants 2024, 13(3), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13030271 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1536
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathy has been identified as a dominant mechanism for increased mortality and morbidity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the context of severe COVID-19, patients may develop immunothrombosis within the microvasculature of the lungs, which contributes to the development of acute respiratory [...] Read more.
Thrombotic microangiopathy has been identified as a dominant mechanism for increased mortality and morbidity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the context of severe COVID-19, patients may develop immunothrombosis within the microvasculature of the lungs, which contributes to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a leading cause of death in the disease. Immunothrombosis is thought to be mediated in part by increased levels of cytokines, fibrin clot formation, and oxidative stress. Glutathione (GSH), a well-known antioxidant molecule, may have therapeutic effects in countering this pathway of immunothrombosis as decreased levels of (GSH) have been associated with increased viral replication, cytokine levels, and thrombosis, suggesting that glutathione supplementation may be therapeutic for COVID-19. GSH supplementation has never been explored as a means of treating COVID-19. This study investigated the effectiveness of liposomal glutathione (GSH) as an adjunctive therapy for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) treated with SARS CoV-2 spike protein. Upon the addition of GSH to cell cultures, cytokine levels, fibrin clot formation, oxidative stress, and intracellular GSH levels were measured. The addition of liposomal-GSH to PBMCs caused a statistically significant decrease in cytokine levels, fibrin clot formation, and oxidative stress. The addition of L-GSH to spike protein and untreated PBMCs increased total intracellular GSH, decreased IL-6, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha levels, decreased oxidative stress, as demonstrated through MDA, and decreased fibrin clot formation, as detected by fluorescence microscopy. These findings demonstrate that L-GSH supplementation within a spike protein-treated PBMC cell culture model reduces these factors, suggesting that GSH supplementation should be explored as a means of reducing mediators of immunothrombosis in COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Enzymes in Cancer Biology)
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Review

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25 pages, 6228 KiB  
Review
Cytoprotective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cancer Chemoresistance: Focus on Antioxidant, Antiapoptotic, and Pro-Autophagy Properties
by Huan Wang, Qi Cheng, Lingjie Bao, Mingqing Li, Kaikai Chang and Xiaofang Yi
Antioxidants 2023, 12(6), 1217; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061217 - 5 Jun 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1858
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains the foremost challenge in cancer therapy. Targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) manipulation is a promising strategy in cancer treatment since tumor cells present high levels of intracellular ROS, which makes them more vulnerable to further ROS elevation than normal cells. Nevertheless, [...] Read more.
Chemoresistance remains the foremost challenge in cancer therapy. Targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) manipulation is a promising strategy in cancer treatment since tumor cells present high levels of intracellular ROS, which makes them more vulnerable to further ROS elevation than normal cells. Nevertheless, dynamic redox evolution and adaptation of tumor cells are capable of counteracting therapy-induced oxidative stress, which leads to chemoresistance. Hence, exploring the cytoprotective mechanisms of tumor cells is urgently needed to overcome chemoresistance. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a rate-limiting enzyme of heme degradation, acts as a crucial antioxidant defense and cytoprotective molecule in response to cellular stress. Recently, emerging evidence indicated that ROS detoxification and oxidative stress tolerance owing to the antioxidant function of HO-1 contribute to chemoresistance in various cancers. Enhanced HO-1 expression or enzymatic activity was revealed to promote apoptosis resistance and activate protective autophagy, which also involved in the development of chemoresistance. Moreover, inhibition of HO-1 in multiple cancers was identified to reversing chemoresistance or improving chemosensitivity. Here, we summarize the most recent advances regarding the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and pro-autophagy properties of HO-1 in mediating chemoresistance, highlighting HO-1 as a novel target for overcoming chemoresistance and improving the prognosis of cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Enzymes in Cancer Biology)
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