Geriatrics

9 pages, 256 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Elderly People’s Memories about the Itinerary of the HIV/AIDS Diagnosis

by Alessandra de Oliveira, Luana Reis, Arianna Lopes, Elaine Santana, Pollyanna Lima, Thaiza Nobre and Luciana Reis

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050119 - 20 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1451

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the remembrances of elderly people about their illness and the path taken in health services until diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive analytical study, with a qualitative approach and theoretical and methodological support from the [...] Read more.

This study aimed to analyze the remembrances of elderly people about their illness and the path taken in health services until diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive analytical study, with a qualitative approach and theoretical and methodological support from the social representations theory and conducted with 38 elderly people. A questionnaire with sociodemographic data, health conditions, and a script for semi-structured interviews was used. Data analysis was performed with the support of the QRS NVivo^® software and in light of Bardin’s content analysis. In relation to the itinerary to the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, the memories are from manifestations of opportunistic diseases and of a long trajectory with health problems and hospitalizations in search of a late diagnosis. The representation of death associated with the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS materializes for some with the loss of the partner in this process of searching for the diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic One Health Approach in Global Health and Clinical Medicine)

11 pages, 652 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Results of a Continuous Quality Improvement Initiative of the Contemporaneous Model of Service Delivery

by Atul Sunny Luthra and Adam Millar

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050118 - 20 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1120

Abstract

The Contemporaneous Model of service delivery serves to manage behavioral expression in residents of long-term care homes with a diagnosis of advanced neurocognitive disorder. Its effectiveness is benchmarked in preventing the residents, on its active caseload, from seeking assistance in the emergency department [...] Read more.

The Contemporaneous Model of service delivery serves to manage behavioral expression in residents of long-term care homes with a diagnosis of advanced neurocognitive disorder. Its effectiveness is benchmarked in preventing the residents, on its active caseload, from seeking assistance in the emergency department and the dementia behavioral inpatient units for behavioral risks. The results of the three years of operation of the Contemporaneous Model of service delivery, for the years 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020, are presented here. These results are supportive of this model of service delivery as an effective way to reduce the burden of patients with advanced neurocognitive disorder with behavioral expressions on the emergency departments and specialized dementia behavioral services. It has the potential for becoming the gold standard model of service delivery in the Canadian health care system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychology)

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11 pages, 387 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Affecting the Life Satisfaction of Older People with Care Needs Who Live at Home

by Yuka Misu, Shintaro Hayashi, Nobuhiko Iwai and Taisei Yamamoto

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050117 - 18 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1854

Abstract

The number of older people is increasing rapidly, and the number of older people with care needs who live at home is also increasing in Japan. Maintaining their life satisfaction has been a primary challenge. This study aimed to identify factors affecting the [...] Read more.

The number of older people is increasing rapidly, and the number of older people with care needs who live at home is also increasing in Japan. Maintaining their life satisfaction has been a primary challenge. This study aimed to identify factors affecting the life satisfaction of older people with care needs. The study was conducted among older people using homecare services; 126 participants (mean age, 79.33 ± 7.51 years, 54 male) were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, and economic status was conducted with life satisfaction as the objective variable and the Japanese version of occupational gaps questionnaire (OGQ-J), sense of coherence, functional independence measure, and environmental factors as explanatory variables. The variables that significantly affected life satisfaction were the OGQ-J (p = 0.0352, OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81–0.99) and environmental factors (p = 0.0083, OR 4.41, 95% CI 1.52–14.11). This study’s results indicate the importance of focusing on environmental factors and facilitating the participation of older people with care needs in activities they want to do to maintain and improve their life satisfaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Public Health)

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11 pages, 467 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

When the Pandemic Will Be Over: Lots of Hope and Some Concerns

by Domenico Azzolino, Giulia Carla Immacolata Spolidoro, Alessandra Mazzocchi, Carlo Agostoni and Matteo Cesari

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050116 - 18 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1695

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly threatened healthcare systems worldwide. The worst-hit population has been represented by older people with underlying chronic comorbidities, while children and adolescents developed mild or asymptomatic forms of the disease. However, certain medical conditions (i.e., obesity, respiratory, or neurological or [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly threatened healthcare systems worldwide. The worst-hit population has been represented by older people with underlying chronic comorbidities, while children and adolescents developed mild or asymptomatic forms of the disease. However, certain medical conditions (i.e., obesity, respiratory, or neurological or immune disorders) may increase the risk for poor health outcomes even in young and middle-aged people. Beyond the direct negative effects of the infection, the pandemic posed several health challenges through an increase in psycho–social issues (i.e., anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep alterations, loneliness, reduced assistance, and loss of income). Accordingly, the pandemic is negatively impacting the accumulation of the functional reserves of each individual, starting from early life. With the long-term effects of the pandemic to be seen in the coming years, clinicians must be prepared to manage such high clinical complexity of people they encounter, through the implementation of multidimensional and multidisciplinary interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Public Health)

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Graphical abstract

10 pages, 751 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Pneumonia, Aspiration Pneumonia, or Frailty-Associated Pneumonia?

by David G. Smithard and Yuki Yoshimatsu

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050115 - 18 Oct 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5546

Abstract

Pneumonia is a common reason for admission afflicting frail older adults. Those who are the frailest are more likely to be provided with a diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia. This diagnosis has no clear definition and no clinical consensus. It is therefore time to [...] Read more.

Pneumonia is a common reason for admission afflicting frail older adults. Those who are the frailest are more likely to be provided with a diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia. This diagnosis has no clear definition and no clinical consensus. It is therefore time to stop attempting to differentiate between pneumonia type and use the term frailty-associated pneumonia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Frailty in Older Adults)

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10 pages, 255 KiB

Open AccessReview

Is There a Role for Medication in Managing Delirium with Dementia?

by Elizabeth L. Sampson, Frederick Graham and Andrew Teodorczuk

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050114 - 07 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2379

Abstract

People with dementia are more likely to develop delirium. We conducted a brief literature search and give a pragmatic overview of the key issues. Making rational and safe prescribing decisions is highly influenced by organisational culture and embedded staff practices. Comprehensive assessment for [...] Read more.

People with dementia are more likely to develop delirium. We conducted a brief literature search and give a pragmatic overview of the key issues. Making rational and safe prescribing decisions is highly influenced by organisational culture and embedded staff practices. Comprehensive assessment for unmet physical, psychological, and social needs is an important intervention in itself. Taking a broad overview of possible pharmacological interventions should include stopping inappropriate medications and prescribing for key drivers of the underlying causes of delirium. Prescribing psychotropic medications may be indicated where there is significant distress or risk to the person with dementia and risk to those around them. It is vital to consider the dementia subtype and, where possible, involve family and friend carers in the decision-making process. Medications should be prescribed at the lowest possible dose for the least amount of time after carefully weighing risks versus benefits and documenting these. While these cases are challenging for staff and families, it can be rewarding to improve the quality of life and lessen distress for the person with dementia. There are also opportunities for informing family and friend carers, educating the wider multidisciplinary team, and promoting organisational change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing the Care of Delirium and Comorbid Dementia)

12 pages, 582 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Lived Experience of Healthcare Workers in Preventing Falls in Community Dwelling Individuals with Dementia

by Nansi Felton and Toity Deave

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050113 - 07 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1866

Abstract

Older adults living with dementia have at least twice the risk of falling compared to their peers living without cognitive impairment. There is evidence for the effectiveness of standard interventions in falls prevention in community dwellings, but they may not translate to individuals [...] Read more.

Older adults living with dementia have at least twice the risk of falling compared to their peers living without cognitive impairment. There is evidence for the effectiveness of standard interventions in falls prevention in community dwellings, but they may not translate to individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. A qualitative enquiry, adopting an interpretive research design underpinned by a phenomenological approach using semi-structured interviews with four healthcare workers from the field was adopted. Data were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to identify themes. Four major themes were developed: on-going assessment is important in guiding interventions and influencing change, knowledge and experience informs practice, individuals living with dementia have complex physical and cognitive needs, and teamwork is essential in falls prevention strategies, which highlighted falls prevention in this context being multifactorial and complex. The findings found that combining physical and cognitive strategies as part of falls prevention has potential benefits for this population, including reducing falls risks and maintaining function. Targeted training and awareness raising within a supportive multi-disciplinary team structure is required, underpinned by on-going, person-centred assessments. Full article

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15 pages, 1140 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

A Biopsychosocial Model of Mealtime Management in Persons with Dementia, an Asset-Based Approach to Patient-Centered Care

by David F. Bayne and Samantha E. Shune

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050112 - 07 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3865

Abstract

Considering the rapid increase in the population over the age of 65, there is increasing need to consider models of care for persons with dementia (PWD). One common deficit associated with dementia progression is difficulty with successful participation in mealtimes. Difficulty participating in [...] Read more.

Considering the rapid increase in the population over the age of 65, there is increasing need to consider models of care for persons with dementia (PWD). One common deficit associated with dementia progression is difficulty with successful participation in mealtimes. Difficulty participating in mealtimes in PWD is not the result of one factor, but rather a confluence of biological, psychological, and social characteristics common in dementia. Factors leading to mealtime difficulties for PWD may include changes in cognitive status, altered sensorimotor functioning, and increased reliance on caregiver support. The complex nature of biological, psychological, and social factors leading to mealtime difficulty highlights the need for a pragmatic model that caregivers can utilize to successfully support PWD during mealtimes. Existing models of dementia and mealtime management were reviewed and collated to create a model of mealtime management that considers this complex interplay. The Biopsychosocial Model of Mealtime Management builds on past research around patient-centered care and introduces an asset-based approach to capitalize on a PWD’s retained capabilities as opposed to compensating for disabilities associated with dementia. We hope this model will provide a framework for caregivers to understand what factors impact mealtime participation in PWD and provide appropriate means on intervention. Full article

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14 pages, 308 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Associated with Physical Activity in a Diverse Older Population

by Ruth M. Tappen, David Newman, Sareen S. Gropper, Cassandre Horne and Edgar R. Vieira

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050111 - 04 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3287

Abstract

Physical activity is important for healthy aging, but few older adults achieve the goal of 150 min per week of moderate activity. The purpose of this study was to employ a robust statistical approach in the analysis of the factors related to physical [...] Read more.

Physical activity is important for healthy aging, but few older adults achieve the goal of 150 min per week of moderate activity. The purpose of this study was to employ a robust statistical approach in the analysis of the factors related to physical activity in a diverse sample of older adults. A secondary analysis of factors associated with calculated MET-h/week was conducted in a sample of 601 African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, European Americans, and Hispanic Americans age 59 to 96 living independently in the community. Age, education, social network, pain, and depression were the five variables that accounted for a statistically significant proportion of unique variance in the model. The strongest correlation to total MET-h/week was with depression. Directionality of the relationship between these variables and physical activity is complex: while pain and depression can reduce physical activity, activity may also help to reduce pain and depression. Additionally, of note is that many of these factors may be modified, calling for the design and testing of individual, group, and community level interventions to increase physical activity in the older population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Mental Health Issues and Quality of Life in Older Individuals)

21 pages, 986 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding User Requirements for a Senior-Friendly Mobile Health Application

by Farzana Parveen Tajudeen, Nurhidayah Bahar, Maw Pin Tan, Mumtaz Begum Peer Mustafa, Nor Izzati Saedon and Jenifer Jesudass

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050110 - 01 Oct 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5570

Abstract

The advancement of mobile technologies has motivated countries around the world to aim for smarter health management to support senior citizens. However, the use of mobile health applications (mHealth apps) among senior citizens appears to be low. Thus, drawing upon user expectations, the [...] Read more.

The advancement of mobile technologies has motivated countries around the world to aim for smarter health management to support senior citizens. However, the use of mobile health applications (mHealth apps) among senior citizens appears to be low. Thus, drawing upon user expectations, the present study examined user requirements for a senior-friendly mHealth application. A total of 74 senior citizens were interviewed to explore the difficulties they encounter when using existing mobile apps. This study followed Nielsen’s usability model to identify user requirements from five aspects, namely learnability, efficiency, memorability, error, and satisfaction. Based on the results, a guideline was proposed pertaining to usability and health management features. This guideline offers suggestions for mHealth app issues related to phrasing, menus, simplicity, error messages, icons and buttons, navigation, and layout, among others. The study also found that speech recognition technology can help seniors access information quickly. The proposed guideline and findings offer valuable input for software and app developers in building more engaging and senior-friendly mHealth apps. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Healthy Aging)

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6 pages, 785 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Creation of a Whole Health Age-Friendly Template and Dashboard Facilitates Implementation of 4Ms into Primary Care

by James S. Powers and Natalie Penaranda

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050109 - 01 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1503

Abstract

The Veterans Administration has joined the Age-Friendly Health Systems (AFHS) movement as part of its Whole Health initiative to provide safe, high-quality geriatric care using a set of evidence-based practices known as the “4Ms”—What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility—to provide care across all [...] Read more.

The Veterans Administration has joined the Age-Friendly Health Systems (AFHS) movement as part of its Whole Health initiative to provide safe, high-quality geriatric care using a set of evidence-based practices known as the “4Ms”—What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility—to provide care across all care settings. Two healthcare centers utilized an automated review of 4Ms care. For non-templated notes in the TVHS GeriPACT clinic over a 30-day period, all the 4Ms health factors (HFs) were addressed in only 1% of patients, and 16% had three HFs, 37% had two HFs, and 71% had one HF addressed. During the pilot of a new templated note and associated dashboard at the RICVAMC, GeriPACT and Home-Based Primary Care (HBPC) addressed all the age-friendly health factors in 41% of patients, while 24% had three health factors, 10% had two health factors, and 13% had one health factor addressed, and 10% were indeterminate by manual review. For both facilities, What Matters Most had the lowest prevalence, representing the most difficult individual health factor to address. The use of a templated note improves the reliable delivery of age-friendly care compared to non-templated notes and facilitates the dashboard display of practice- and provider-specific age-friendly encounter data, which may provide useful QI information to clinicians and health systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Healthy Aging)

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16 pages, 524 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effectiveness of Nurses’ Training in Identifying, Reporting and Handling Elderly Abuse: A Systematic Literature Review

by Pratibha Ranabhat, Monica Nikitara, Evangelos Latzourakis and Costas S. Constantinou

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050108 - 01 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3492

Abstract

The elderly population globally is estimated to grow by one-third of the world’s population by the year 2050. At the same time, elder abuse and neglect have been acknowledged as major growing concerns. With the growing elderly population and increasing concerns about elder [...] Read more.

The elderly population globally is estimated to grow by one-third of the world’s population by the year 2050. At the same time, elder abuse and neglect have been acknowledged as major growing concerns. With the growing elderly population and increasing concerns about elder abuse, understanding the ways to deal with elder abuse is important. The healthcare professionals, especially nurses, are among the first groups who come in contact with the elderly population and can identify and assess cases of elder abuse. There is evidence to suggest that nurses lack knowledge in the assessment, identification, management, and reporting of an elder abuse case. This study aims to explore the available literature in the effectiveness of training programs for nurses in elder abuse management. The search strategy included the electronic databases CINHAL, Medline, and Health Source. A total of 646 research articles published between 2010 and 2021 were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. After reviewing and removing duplicates and irrelevant studies, 14 articles were included in this review. The findings of this literature review revealed that providing education and training for nurses in elder abuse can enhance their knowledge and increase identification and reporting of elder abuse cases. It also indicated that mixed teaching methods, such as face-to-face lectures, simulation, or case scenarios and debriefings or feedback can strengthen the learning process of nurses. In conclusion, educational programs for nurses can significantly improve the identification, reporting, and handling skills of elder abuse incidents. This finding can help in developing accurate strategies for minimizing and preventing elder abuse cases. From the results of this systematic review, we propose the ECLiPSE pathway for the effective training of nurses and handling of elder abuse cases, eventually contributing to decreasing the incidents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Public Health)

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12 pages, 896 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Safety and Efficacy of a First-Line Chemotherapy Tailored by G8 Score in Elderly Metastatic or Locally Advanced Gastric and Gastro-Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Real-World Analysis

by Ina Valeria Zurlo, Carmelo Pozzo, Antonia Strippoli, Samantha Mignogna, Michele Basso, Raffaella Vivolo, Giovanni Trovato, Michele Ciaburri, Franco Morelli, Emilio Bria, Silvana Leo and Giampaolo Tortora

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050107 - 29 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1613

Abstract

Introduction: Gastric (GC) and gastro-esophageal cancer (GEC) are common neoplasms in the elderly. However, in clinical practice, the correct strategy for elderly patients who might benefit from chemotherapy (CT) is unknown. Prospective data are still poor. In this context, we performed a retrospective [...] Read more.

Introduction: Gastric (GC) and gastro-esophageal cancer (GEC) are common neoplasms in the elderly. However, in clinical practice, the correct strategy for elderly patients who might benefit from chemotherapy (CT) is unknown. Prospective data are still poor. In this context, we performed a retrospective analysis of GC patients aged ≥75 years and treated at our institutions. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 90 patients with confirmed metastatic GC or GEC, treated with an upfront CT. Inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥75 years, PS 0–2, normal bone marrow/liver/renal function and no major comorbidities. All patients received a G8 score, and some patients with G8 ≤14 received a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). The primary goal was to perform a safety evaluation based on the incidence of adverse events (AE), and the secondary goal was to determine the efficacy (PFS and OS). The chi-square test and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to estimate the outcomes. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Toxicity rates were quite low: G1/G2 (51.1%) and G3/G4 (25.5%). No toxic deaths were reported. The median PFS was 6.21 months and the median OS 11 months. The G8 score and PS ECOG significantly influenced both PFS and OS. A statistically significant correlation among G8, weight loss, hypoalbuminemia and risk of G3/G4 adverse events was also found. Conclusion: Our research on selected elderly patients did not detect broad differences of efficacy and tolerability compared to a young population. Our study, although retrospective and small-sized, showed that G8 score might be an accurate tool to identify elderly GC/GEC patients who could be safely treated with CT, further recognizing patients who could receive a doublet CT and who may require a single agent chemotherapy or a baseline dose reduction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Oncology)

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9 pages, 267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Number of Chronic Medical Conditions and Quality of Life of Ethnic Minority Older Adults

by Sharon Cobb, Babak Najand, Tara Gravidez, Berlin Navarro, Alondra Herreraramos and Mohsen Bazargan

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050106 - 29 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1278

Abstract

Background: The Blacks’ mental health paradox is defined as disproportionately better mental health among Black individuals compared to White individuals, despite their higher exposure to a wide range of adversities. However, the existing literature on this phenomenon is mainly limited to studies that [...] Read more.

Background: The Blacks’ mental health paradox is defined as disproportionately better mental health among Black individuals compared to White individuals, despite their higher exposure to a wide range of adversities. However, the existing literature on this phenomenon is mainly limited to studies that have compared Black and White individuals. There has been little research on this phenomenon among ethnic groups other than Whites. Objectives: This study tested the Blacks’ mental health paradox with consideration of Latinx individuals as the control group. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected demographic data, socioeconomic status, chronic medical conditions, and mental and physical quality of life of 724 older Black and Latinx adults residing in low socioeconomic areas of south Los Angeles. Linear regressions were used for data analysis with mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as dependent variables and the number of chronic medical conditions as the independent variable. Results: Overall, a higher number of chronic medical conditions was associated with lower mental and physical quality of life. A statistically significant interaction was found between race/ethnicity and the effect of the number of chronic medical conditions on mental HRQoL, which was indicative of Blacks’ mental health paradox. Conclusion: Older Black adults with a higher number of chronic medical conditions report better mental health compared to their Latinx peers with the same number of chronic medical conditions. Thus, Blacks’ mental health paradox can be seen when Black and Latinx populations are compared. Replication of such a paradox provides additional support for the relative mental health advantage of Black people compared to other ethnic groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Mental Health Issues and Quality of Life in Older Individuals)

13 pages, 665 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Key Factors and AI-Based Risk Prediction of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Older Women

by Nekane Larburu, Garazi Artola, Jon Kerexeta, Maria Caballero, Borja Ollo and Catherine M. Lando

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050105 - 26 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1720

Abstract

The numerous consequences caused by malnutrition in hospitalized patients can worsen their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition on the elderly population, especially focusing on women, identify key factors and develop a malnutrition risk [...] Read more.

The numerous consequences caused by malnutrition in hospitalized patients can worsen their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition on the elderly population, especially focusing on women, identify key factors and develop a malnutrition risk predictive model. The study group consisted of 493 older women admitted to the Asunción Klinika Hospital in the Basque Region (Spain). For this purpose, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and admission information was gathered. Correlations and multivariate analyses and the MNA-SF screening test-based risk of malnutrition were performed. Additionally, different predictive models designed using this information were compared. The estimated frequency of malnutrition among this population in the Basque Region (Spain) is 13.8%, while 41.8% is considered at risk of malnutrition, which is increased in women, with up to 16.4% with malnutrition and 47.5% at risk of malnutrition. Sixteen variables were used to develop a predictive model obtaining Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.76. Elderly women assisted at home and with high scores of dependency were identified as a risk group, as well as patients admitted in internal medicine units, and in admissions with high severity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women in Geriatrics)

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10 pages, 854 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Association between Social Vulnerability and Frailty in Community Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review

by Ayodele Ayeni, Adrienne Sharples and David Hewson

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050104 - 26 Sep 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2352

Abstract

The aim of this systematic literature review was to determine whether social vulnerability is associated with frailty in older people. Databases were searched for literature from January 2001 to March 2022. Hand searches of reference lists of the selected articles were also used [...] Read more.

The aim of this systematic literature review was to determine whether social vulnerability is associated with frailty in older people. Databases were searched for literature from January 2001 to March 2022. Hand searches of reference lists of the selected articles were also used to identify other relevant studies. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality using an established tool. Eleven eligible studies from Canada, Europe, USA, Tanzania, Mexico, and China were selected. The level of social vulnerability measured by the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) from a meta-analysis was 0.300 (95% CI: 0.242, 0.358), with the highest SVI in Tanzania (0.49), while the lowest level of SVI was reported in China (0.15). The highest frailty level of 0.32 was observed in both Tanzania and Europe, with the lowest frailty reported in a USA study from Hawaii (0.15). In all studies, social vulnerability was a significant predictor of mortality for both sexes at subsequent data collection points. The association between SVI and frailty was high in Tanzania (r = 0.81), with other studies reporting stronger correlations for females compared to males, but at small to moderate levels. In one study, an increase of 1SD in SVI was linked to a 20% increase in frailty score at a subsequent evaluation. Additional study is warranted to determine a potential causality between social vulnerability and frailty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Frailty in Older Adults)

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9 pages, 375 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Dental Pain in Care Homes: Is It a Phenomenon? A Systematic Review of the Literature

by Pat Schofield, Nicole Thomas, Ewen McColl and Robert Witton

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050103 - 26 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1684

Abstract

Background: Evidence suggests that 80% of residents living in nursing homes have moderate to severe pain, could dental causes be an under reported contributory factor. The evidence suggests that this is an under-researched area. Our project aims were to explore and consolidate the [...] Read more.

Background: Evidence suggests that 80% of residents living in nursing homes have moderate to severe pain, could dental causes be an under reported contributory factor. The evidence suggests that this is an under-researched area. Our project aims were to explore and consolidate the current literature and conduct some stakeholder groups with care home managers and dentists. Our stakeholder group will be reported elsewhere. Methods: We used the SPIDER framework to set out key search terms. Which included “dementia” OR “cognitively-impaired” OR “carehome residents” AND “dental pain” OR “oralfacial pain” OR “mouth pain” AND “pain assessment” OR “pain identification”. A literature search was carried out on 8 and 9 March 2022 in the electronic databases: Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, Dental & Oral Sciences Source, CINAHL, Global Health, SocINDEX, Ovid (Medline) and Scopus. Restrictions were placed on dates and language (2012–2022 and English only). Results: The search yielded 775 papers up to the year 2020. After screening and exclusion, we were left with five papers: four quantitative and one qualitative. Conclusions: This review demonstrates that there has been very little research into oral health and/or dental pain in adults with dementia. Furthermore, the recommendations have yet to be taken forward. Identifying pain in older adults with dementia remains challenging. There is a need to develop an algorithm in conjunction with care home staff and dental practitioners in order to identify and address the pain associated with dental disease in adults with dementia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Frailty in Older Adults)

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10 pages, 1031 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Geriatric Sarcopenia and Nutrition in the Case of Cachexia before Exitus: An Observational Study for Health Professionals

by Titus David Moga, Ioana Moga, Monica Sabău, Alina Cristiana Venter, Dana Romanescu, Erika Bimbo-Szuhai, Lavinia Mihaela Costas, Anca Huniadi and Diana Maria Rahota

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050102 - 21 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1642

Abstract

It is important to assess the physical and nutritional status of the body using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) in patients with cachexia; however, the correlation between cachexia and nutritional evaluations remains unclear. The objective of this study is to follow the effects [...] Read more.

It is important to assess the physical and nutritional status of the body using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) in patients with cachexia; however, the correlation between cachexia and nutritional evaluations remains unclear. The objective of this study is to follow the effects of diet therapy in patients with cachexia/sarcopenia, using parameters measured by BIA, clinical parameters, and other nutrition-related assessments in patients with osteoporosis. This study aims to clarify the correlation between BIA-measured parameters, clinical parameters, and other nutrition-related assessments. Methods: Measurements of body composition, a clinical assessment of the sarcopenia/cachexia, and nutritional goal setting/a nutrition care process were performed. Results: The number of subjects was 200, of which 15 people (7.5%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia/cachexia. Univariate analyses showed that participants with a high body-fat mass tend to develop sarcopenic obesity (p = 0.029), those who lost a significant and progressive amount of muscle mass tend to develop sarcopenia (p = 0.001), as well as those with malnutrition (p < 0.001). The regression study shows not only the correlation but also the cause of the correlation, as is the case with obesity. As obesity increases, so does the sarcopenic index (this can explain sarcopenic obesity), and as fat mass decreases it leads to muscle mass loss, increasing the risk of cachexia with age. Conclusions: There was an improvement, but statistically insignificant, in cachexia and the nutritional objectives (p > 0.05); at the same time, correlations were established between the independent parameters (sex, age) and malnutrition parameters (hemoglobin and amylase) with the parameters of the research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)

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12 pages, 850 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Patient Interaction Involving Older Adults: Provider vs. Caregiver Expectations

by Pooja Shah, Kaitlin Donovan and Robert Hubal

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050101 - 17 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1341

Abstract

This paper presents a study of the interaction between healthcare providers (HCPs) and older patients and their caregivers. The paper first presents results from a rapid review and narrative synthesis using PubMed and Google Scholar of HCP/patient/caregiver interactions involving older patients; these results [...] Read more.

This paper presents a study of the interaction between healthcare providers (HCPs) and older patients and their caregivers. The paper first presents results from a rapid review and narrative synthesis using PubMed and Google Scholar of HCP/patient/caregiver interactions involving older patients; these results then informed the design of a survey administered to HCPs and caregivers using a range of scenarios and their ratings of appropriateness of different responses, to explore where expectations align or differ between HCPs and caregivers. In analyzing ratings, the research found HCPs and caregivers generally approach the older adult encounter with similar expectations, but differences for specific situations are informative. HCPs appear to better recognize when there is a need to show empathy, as when a patient is frustrated or anxious. HCPs, overall, offer more calming responses, especially in embarrassing, upsetting, or worrying situations. For older patients of advanced age, HCPs value engagement with patients more than caregivers, but HCPs are more aligned with caregivers in their ratings of how to engage caregivers. Compared to caregivers, HCPs focus more on simplifying the description of treatment rather than using thorough explanations when a patient expresses hesitancy or avoidance. The results from this work suggest that having a fuller understanding of the different participants’ expectations may improve communication and identify potential pitfalls. A better understanding may also lead to changes in how students in the healthcare fields are trained; having better insight into this relationship will prepare them for interacting with older patients while addressing the needs of caregivers. Full article

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13 pages, 4944 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Development and Validation of New Exercises to Promote Physical Activity in Nursing Home Settings

by Fanny Buckinx, Lucie Maton, Valentine Dalimier, Alexandre Mouton, Laetitia Lengelé, Jean-Yves Reginster and Olivier Bruyère

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050100 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1851

Abstract

Background: GAMotion is a giant physical activity board game intended to improve levels of physical activity and a broader array of physical and psychological outcomes among nursing home residents. Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop and validate new balance, [...] Read more.

Background: GAMotion is a giant physical activity board game intended to improve levels of physical activity and a broader array of physical and psychological outcomes among nursing home residents. Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop and validate new balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and walking exercises to be included in GAMotion. Methods: A two-step design combining the Focus group and Delphi method was conducted among healthcare professionals divided into two independent samples of experts. The first sample was asked to develop exercises during a focus group. The second sample participated in a two-round Ranking-type Delphi method. During the first round, the participants were asked to rate the exercises developed during the focus group on a four-point Likert scale (from 1: not adapted at all to 4: very adapted). The exercises that did not reach consensus were removed (consensus established: median ≥ 3 on the Likert scale and at least 75% of experts rating the exercises as « adapted » or « very adapted »). During the second round, it was asked to rank the exercises selected at the end of the first round from most suitable to least suitable. Results: The Focus group developed nine balance, twelve flexibility, twelve strength, and nine walking exercises. Following the first round of the Delphi method, two exercises in each category did not reach a consensus and were then removed. In the second round, the remaining seven balance, ten flexibility, ten strength, and seven walking exercises were ranked by the experts, and this classification allowed us to determine the four most suitable exercises from each category to be included in the GAMotion. Conclusion: A consensus-based approach among healthcare professionals allowed us to contribute to the development of new exercises to promote physical activity in nursing homes. These validated exercises can be included in the GAMotion board game. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Rehabilitation)

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10 pages, 254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measurement of Social Strain in People with Dementia: A Preliminary Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Negative Relationship Quality Questionnaire in Indonesia

by Amelia Nur Vidyanti, Galenisa Falinda Santika Putri, Aditya Rifqi Fauzi, Rizqa Nafiati, Astuti Prodjohardjono and Christantie Effendy

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050099 - 15 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1461

Abstract

People with dementia (PWD) may exhibit symptoms that negatively affect their relationships with their families or friends which could cause social strain. The Negative Relationship Quality (NRQ) questionnaire can be used to measure social strain in PWD. There has never been an Indonesian [...] Read more.

People with dementia (PWD) may exhibit symptoms that negatively affect their relationships with their families or friends which could cause social strain. The Negative Relationship Quality (NRQ) questionnaire can be used to measure social strain in PWD. There has never been an Indonesian adaptation of the NRQ. This preliminary study aimed to measure the validity and reliability of the NRQ among PWD in Indonesia (NRQ-INA). This study used a cross-sectional design. Forward–backward translation methods were conducted first. Pearson’s correlation and factor analysis were employed for the validity test. Cronbach’s alpha and test–retest were used to determine reliability. The NRQ-INA has four parallel items related to social strain that are divided into three subscales and asked to spouse/partner, family members, and friends, leading to a total of 12 questions. The results of validity testing from 60 respondents showed that all items in the NRQ-INA were strongly valid with correlation coefficients (r) of >0.8 (p < 0.01). Factor analysis showed a convergence with the variance explained of more than 50% for all items in each subscale, which also indicated that NRQ-INA had acceptable construct validity to measure social strain. Cronbach’s alpha values (α) were 0.926, 0.942, and 0.938 for the subscales of spouse, friends, and family members, respectively. The correlations of test–retest reliability for all items were >0.7 (p < 0.01), demonstrating a reliable NRQ-INA measurement. In conclusion, NRQ-INA had a good validity and reliability to measure social strain in PWD. Further study of the concurrent validity among PWD is still needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Neurology)

9 pages, 807 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Physical Function among Elderly Japanese Women with and without Low Bone Mass and Low Muscle Mass: A Cross-Sectional Study of Older Women Who Engage in Regular Physical Activity

by Tsuyoshi Katsurasako, Shin Murata, Akio Goda, Hideki Nakano, Kayoko Shiraiwa, Jun Horie and Koji Nonaka

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050098 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1963

Abstract

A decline in physical function is common among elderly people who have lost both bone and muscle mass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between low bone and muscle mass and physical function in elderly women of different age [...] Read more.

A decline in physical function is common among elderly people who have lost both bone and muscle mass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between low bone and muscle mass and physical function in elderly women of different age groups who exercise regularly. The analysis included 299 elderly women. Low bone mass was determined by a T-score of −2.5 or less, and low muscle mass was determined by a skeletal muscle mass index of <5.7 kg/m². Physical function was measured by grip strength, knee extension strength, standing ability, gait function, and balance function. The participants were divided into four groups based on bone and muscle mass (healthy, low bone mass, low muscle mass, and low bone and muscle mass groups), and their physical functions were compared. There were no statistically significant differences in physical function between the low bone and muscle mass and the healthy groups. There were also no statistically significant differences in physical function among the four groups in the late elderly stage (75 and older). Elderly women who exercise regularly are less likely to experience a decline in physical function, even if they have reduced bone and muscle mass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women in Geriatrics)

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10 pages, 1038 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Recent Updates on Risk and Management Plans Associated with Polypharmacy in Older Population

by Asim Muhammed Alshanberi

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050097 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2997

Abstract

The concept of polypharmacy encompasses adverse drug reactions and non-adherence factors in elderly individuals. It also leads to the increased use of healthcare services and negative health outcomes. The problem is further alleviated by the odds of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM), which lead [...] Read more.

The concept of polypharmacy encompasses adverse drug reactions and non-adherence factors in elderly individuals. It also leads to the increased use of healthcare services and negative health outcomes. The problem is further alleviated by the odds of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM), which lead to the development of drug-related problems. Since polypharmacy is more commonly observed in the elderly population, urgency is required to introduce operative protocols for preventing and managing this problem. The family medicine model of care can be associated with favorable illness outcomes regarding satisfaction with consultation, treatment adherence, self-management behaviors, adherence to medical advice, and healthcare utilization. Hence, interventions built on family medicine models can provide significant support in improving the outcomes of the older population and their quality of life. In this regard, the authors have taken up the task of explaining the accessible resources which can be availed to improve the application of health care services in the field of geriatric medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adherence and Polymedication in Older Adults)

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13 pages, 760 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older People with Functional and Nutritional Impairment and Depressive Symptoms: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil and Portugal

by Jéssica Maria Arouca de Miranda, Dalyanna Mildred de Oliveira Viana, Anderson Antônio Lima dos Santos, Áquila Filêmon de Andrade Costa, Bruno Araújo da Silva Dantas, Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de Miranda, Felismina Rosa Parreira Mendes and Gilson de Vasconcelos Torres

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050096 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1533

Abstract

Background: The interaction of quality of life (QoL) with functionality, nutrition and depression has been studied, but few studies have compared different realities. Our objective was to compare the associations of QoL with impaired functionality, nutritional status and depressive symptoms among older people [...] Read more.

Background: The interaction of quality of life (QoL) with functionality, nutrition and depression has been studied, but few studies have compared different realities. Our objective was to compare the associations of QoL with impaired functionality, nutritional status and depressive symptoms among older people patients treated in primary health care (PHC) in Brazil and Portugal. Methods: Cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted with primary data from PHC services in Brazil and Portugal with users over 65 years old. Participants’ scores were classified as “impaired” and “preserved” for QoL, functional decline, nutrition and depression. We used Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Our sample had a total of 150 PHC users. We found lower QoL scores in Brazil, which were associated with the risk of functional decline for the domains Physical Functioning, General Health Perceptions, Mental Health dimensions and Physical Health. Nutritional impairment in the group from Portugal included the domains of Vitality and Social Role Functioning. For depressive impairment, Portugal showed an association with the domains Mental Health, Vitality and Social Role Functioning. Conclusions: QoL was associated with functional and nutritional impairment and depressive symptoms, highlighting physical, mental and social characteristics related to the perception of well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)

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16 pages, 1393 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Poorer Nutritional Status on Hospital Admission and after Discharge in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients

by Olivia Bornæs, Aino L. Andersen, Morten B. Houlind, Thomas Kallemose, Juliette Tavenier, Anissa Aharaz, Rikke L. Nielsen, Lillian M. Jørgensen, Anne M. Beck, Ove Andersen, Janne Petersen and Mette M. Pedersen

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050095 - 10 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1616

Abstract

In acutely hospitalized older patients (≥65 years), the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and malnutrition is poorly described. We hypothesized that (1) MCI is associated with nutritional status on admission and after discharge; (2) MCI is associated with a change in nutritional [...] Read more.

In acutely hospitalized older patients (≥65 years), the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and malnutrition is poorly described. We hypothesized that (1) MCI is associated with nutritional status on admission and after discharge; (2) MCI is associated with a change in nutritional status; and (3) a potential association is partly explained by frailty, comorbidity, medication use, and age. We combined data from a randomized controlled trial (control group data) and a prospective cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01964482 and NCT03052192). Nutritional status was assessed on admission and follow-up using the Mini Nutritional Assessment—Short Form. MCI or intact cognition (noMCI) was classified by three cognitive performance tests at follow-up. Data on frailty, comorbidity, medication use, and age were drawn from patient journals. MCI (n = 42) compared to noMCI (n = 47) was associated with poorer nutritional status with an average difference of −1.29 points (CI: −2.30; −0.28) on admission and −1.64 points (CI: −2.57; −0.70) at 4-week follow-up. Only age influenced the estimates of −0.85 (CI: −1.86; 0.17) and −1.29 (CI: −2.25; −0.34), respectively. In acutely hospitalized older patients, there is an association between MCI and poorer nutritional status upon admission and four weeks after discharge. The association is partly explained by higher age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)

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17 pages, 292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experiences of Nurses in Nursing Homes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: A Qualitative Study

by Elisabeth Diehl, David Hiss, Aline Wege, Anna Hirschmüller, Albert Nienhaus and Stephan Letzel

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050094 - 09 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2789

Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of this qualitative study was to examine pandemic-related changes in nursing work in nursing homes, the resulting work-related stresses and external as well as internal alleviating measures. (2) Methods: We conducted 10 interviews from March to June 2021 with [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The aim of this qualitative study was to examine pandemic-related changes in nursing work in nursing homes, the resulting work-related stresses and external as well as internal alleviating measures. (2) Methods: We conducted 10 interviews from March to June 2021 with nurses from eight facilities. Data were analysed according to qualitative content analysis. (3) Results: Nurses faced increased workloads due to regulations and guidelines paired with staffing shortages. Work became more difficult due to personal protective equipment (PPE), conflict with residents’ relatives and, in the case of outbreaks, excess death and suffering. Nurse-to-resident care work became more emotionally demanding, with residents more distressed due to the lockdown, while families and social workers were not allowed into the facility. Residents with dementia posed an additional challenge, as they did not remember hygiene and distancing rules. Internal and external measures were not sufficient to alleviate the situation. However, some measures, such as training programmes or existing palliative care concepts, were considered helpful. (4) Conclusions: Facing other possible upcoming pandemics, ways to improve facility administration to prepare for future pandemics are highly needed, such as regular training programmes to prepare for possible lockdown scenarios, PPE use or potential hygiene measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Responding to the Pandemic: Geriatric Care Models)

12 pages, 760 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Culturally Competent Assessment of Neurocognitive Functioning in Latinos with Complex Multimorbidity: A Case Study

by Diomaris Safi, Jesús Barreto Abrams, Melissa Rios, Elisenda Rodés, Mirella Díaz-Santos and Paola Suárez

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050093 - 06 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1700

Abstract

Multimorbidity—the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions within an individual—is the new normal in hospital settings. Individuals with higher levels of multimorbidity require a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to meet their needs, though the complexity of their neurocognitive profiles is still poorly researched. This [...] Read more.

Multimorbidity—the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions within an individual—is the new normal in hospital settings. Individuals with higher levels of multimorbidity require a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to meet their needs, though the complexity of their neurocognitive profiles is still poorly researched. This study reported on the neurocognitive profile of a 69-year-old, left-handed, Latino cisgender male with 10 years of education. He was deemed to have a short-term mortality in 2018, yet is still enjoying a good quality of life in 2022. This case report illustrated (a) a rather common neurocognitive profile of a patient with complex multimorbidity, (b) the advantages of being served in a center of excellence with linguistically and culturally appropriate services that evaluate patients’ cognitive functioning and inform and provide continuity of care, and (c) the benefits of a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to the care of the multimorbidity population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ageing and Disability: A Look at Two Different Trajectories according to the Clinical Psychology of Disability)

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16 pages, 1366 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Informal Caregivers’ Health Literacy in Lisbon, Portugal: A Profile for Health Promotion Prioritization

by Andreia Costa, David de Sousa Loura, Paulo Nogueira, Graça Melo, Idalina Gomes, Isabel Ferraz, Laura Viegas and Maria Adriana Henriques

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050092 - 06 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1536

Abstract

Health literacy (HL) allows people to access, understand and evaluate health information. Informal caregivers’ levels of HL may impact long-term care outcomes. ‘Informal caregivers’ profile in Lisbon county: a health community approach’ is a nurse-led research project aiming to assess informal caregivers’ health [...] Read more.

Health literacy (HL) allows people to access, understand and evaluate health information. Informal caregivers’ levels of HL may impact long-term care outcomes. ‘Informal caregivers’ profile in Lisbon county: a health community approach’ is a nurse-led research project aiming to assess informal caregivers’ health literacy and associated factors in Lisbon county, as well as to foster the development of a local-specific health literacy strategy. A survey to identify a health/social caregiver profile, including questions about HL (HLS-EU-PT), was submitted to a representative sample of carers. Descriptive and bivariate inferential analysis was developed. Informal caregivers’ level of HL was mostly sufficient (n = 99, 38%). More than 60% of caregivers have limited HL regarding health promotion. ‘Access’, ‘Appraisal’ and ‘Use’ are the information processing stages with lower mean scores of HL. Carers with low HL levels appear to be older and to have less education, low knowledge of community resources and decreased wellbeing (p < 0.05). A strategy focused on health promotion-related HL through primary care resources can potentially improve caregivers’ knowledge, competencies and motivation, as well as health system sustainability. Reported HLS-EU-PT scores deserve special attention. Future work should emphasize the role of HL-associated factors and health outcomes for caregivers and cared-for persons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Healthy Aging)

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9 pages, 703 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Geriatric Oncology in Portugal: Where We Are and What Comes Next—A Survey of Healthcare Professionals

by Joana Marinho and Sandra Custódio

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050091 - 06 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1706

Abstract

In keeping with the trend worldwide, in Portugal, more than 60% of newly diagnosed patients with cancer are aged 65 years or older, which makes older adults the most common population seen in an oncology practice. This study’s objectives were to assess geriatric [...] Read more.

In keeping with the trend worldwide, in Portugal, more than 60% of newly diagnosed patients with cancer are aged 65 years or older, which makes older adults the most common population seen in an oncology practice. This study’s objectives were to assess geriatric oncology practices in Portugal and investigate medical professionals’ current needs and perceptions on the treatment of elderly cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a web-based survey of healthcare providers treating elderly patients. Results: There were 222 responses: 62.6% of physicians reported the absence of geriatric oncology and/or geriatrics consultations in their institutions, 14.9% had guidelines for the management of older patients with cancer and 4.5% had physicians dedicated to geriatric oncology. The reported use of geriatric assessment tools was 23.4%. Medical oncologists and physicians from medical specialties (p = 0.009) and those practicing in the south of Portugal (p = 0.054) were more likely to use geriatric assessment. Education and training in geriatric oncology was identified by 95.0% of respondents as an unmet need. The inquiries identified that geriatric assessment could be useful to define a therapeutic strategy (85.1%), detect frailty (77.5%), predict toxicity and improve quality of life (73.4%). Conclusions: There is a paucity of expertise and training in geriatric oncology in Portugal but an increasing perception of the value of geriatric assessment and the demand for education. In the next years, Portugal will progress in this area with the aid of the recently created Geriatric Oncology Working Group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Oncology)

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9 pages, 2576 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender Parity in Geriatrics Editorial Boards

by Sana Shah, Nichole B. Shumway, Emily W. Sarvis, Joe A. Sena, Alesia Voice, Aqsa Mumtaz and Abu Baker Sheikh

Geriatrics 2022, 7(5), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050090 - 03 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1751

Abstract

Gender equality, with an emphasis on female education, has been designated by the United Nations as one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be completed by 2030, since gender disparity is a major impediment to scientific and economic progress. This study [...] Read more.

Gender equality, with an emphasis on female education, has been designated by the United Nations as one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be completed by 2030, since gender disparity is a major impediment to scientific and economic progress. This study was carried out in an effort to address the gender gaps that can be seen in academic and scientific publications. The purpose of this study is to describe the gender distribution of editorial board members and editors-in-chief across geriatrics journals with high impact factors. Clarivate Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2021 were used to guide the selection of geriatric and gerontology journals utilizing Scopus All Science Journal Classification Codes. The genders of the editors-in-chief and editorial board members were determined and analyzed using publicly accessible data. A total of 47 geriatric journals with an average impact factor of 4.27 were examined. Of the 65 editors-in-chief, 21 (32%) were women, whereas 876 female editorial members were found out of a total of 2414, which constitutes 36% in total. Despite making up 60% of the geriatric medical workforce, women are still underrepresented on editorial boards and as chief editors in well-known geriatric periodicals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women in Geriatrics)

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