Dentistry Journal

12 pages, 8320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of a Zinc-L-Carnosine Mouthwash in the Management of Oral Surgical Wounds: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Cohort Study

by Fabio Dell’Olio, Rosaria Arianna Siciliani, Gianluigi Novielli, Angela Tempesta, Gianfranco Favia and Luisa Limongelli

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070181 - 24 Jul 2023

Viewed by 2176

Abstract

Background: Zinc L-carnosine promotes the transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase of wound healing by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory signals and enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory signals. This prospective cohort study aims to test the effect of a zinc–L-carnosine mouthwash [...] Read more.

Background: Zinc L-carnosine promotes the transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase of wound healing by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory signals and enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory signals. This prospective cohort study aims to test the effect of a zinc–L-carnosine mouthwash in promoting oral surgical wound healing. Methods: From October 2022 to February 2023, the authors enrolled healthy adult volunteers who needed the extraction of bilateral molars at the Unit of Dentistry of the University of Bari. The authors studied the baseline wound healing of each patient after the first extraction. Three months later, the patients underwent the second extraction and rinsed their mouths with zinc–L-carnosine mouthwash twice per day for the following 28 postoperative days. For a month after each extraction, the patients received weekly follow-up visits by an oral surgeon blinded about the study to record the modified healing index score of the wounds (range 0–6 points). For statistical analysis, we used the one-tailed t-test for paired samples with a significance level set at p < 0.05 to compare the baseline scores with those recorded during the exposure to the zinc–L-carnosine mouthwash. Results: The authors enrolled four women and six men (mean age = 44.60 ± 19.22 years). On the seventh and fourteenth postoperative days, the mean difference between the modified healing index scores obtained by using the zinc–L-carnosine mouthwash and the baseline was not significant. On the twenty-first postoperative day, the mean score obtained by using the mouthwash was 5.2 ± 1.3 points and was significantly higher than the 4.7 ± 1.8 points of the baseline (p = 0.026). On the twenty-eighth postoperative day, the mean difference was significant as well (5.9 ± 0.3 points and 5.4 ± 1.1 points, respectively). Conclusion: The preliminary results of this study showed that the zinc–L-carnosine mouthwash improved the quality of oral surgical wound healing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry Journal: 10th Anniversary)

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10 pages, 797 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spectrophotometric Analysis of Coronal Discoloration In Vitro Induced by Bioceramic Cements

by Joana A. Carvalho, Carlos Franco, Luís Proença, João Albernaz Neves, Mário Polido, José João Mendes and Ana Mano Azul

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070180 - 24 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1031

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify, in vitro, the extent of coronal discoloration induced by bioceramic materials over time. In total, 44 human monoradicular teeth were divided into four groups (n = 11), according to the applied material: [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify, in vitro, the extent of coronal discoloration induced by bioceramic materials over time. In total, 44 human monoradicular teeth were divided into four groups (n = 11), according to the applied material: Negative control (NC); White MTA ProRoot^® (WMTAP); Biodentine^™ (BD); and TotalFill^® BC RRM^™ Putty (TF). Teeth were immersed in saline solution and incubated at 37 °C; the following periods of time were defined: before incubation: [t0]—without bioceramic material, t1—immediately after the bioceramic material placement; after incubation: t24h—24 h, t7d—7 days, and 30d—30 days. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed. Cochran’s Q test was used to evaluate coronal discoloration across the different groups, while the Kruskal–Wallis test was employed to determine differences in discoloration among the groups at each time interval. Additionally, the Friedman test was applied to analyze the variations in discoloration within each group over time. A significance level of 5% was set. All experimental groups revealed coronal discoloration over time: NC (p = 0.001), WMTAP (p < 0.001), BD (p = 0.001), and TF (p = 0.006). No significant differences were observed between groups for each time interval (p > 0.05). The WMTAP group varied the most considering the intervals [t0—t1] and [t24h—t7d] (p = 0.037) compared to the remaining experimental groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Endodontics)

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Graphical abstract

10 pages, 478 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Associations among Dental Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Amjad Alharbi, Gerry Humphris and Ruth Freeman

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070179 - 21 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1253

Abstract

Background: The current evidence on the relationships among child oral health-related quality of life, dental anxiety, and self-esteem indicates that we need to investigate these relationships to improve our understanding of the associations. Therefore, the current research aimed to enhance this evidence and [...] Read more.

Background: The current evidence on the relationships among child oral health-related quality of life, dental anxiety, and self-esteem indicates that we need to investigate these relationships to improve our understanding of the associations. Therefore, the current research aimed to enhance this evidence and provide an overview of the participating children’s oral-health-related quality of life (as measured by the CPQ_8–10), self-esteem (as measured by the Coopersmith SEI-SF), and dental anxiety (as measured by the CFSS_DS) and how these child-related outcome measures interacted and were related to one another. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a random sample of school children (n = 1900) aged 8 to 10 years. The questionnaire was collected through validated self-report measures: dental anxiety, COHRQoL, and self-esteem. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the strength of the association of our model to explore the relationships among these three psychological constructs. The moderating effects of age, gender, location, and the educational board were analysed for their possible influence on these relationships. Results: Significant relationships between COHRQoL and child dental anxiety and between COHRQoL and SE were detected. The relationship subscale between COHRQoL and child dental anxiety was 0.24, (p < 0.001). A stronger correlation between COHRQoL, and SE was found, with B = −0.77, (p < 0.001). Although the association between CDA and SE was small, it was statistically significant (p = 0.03). These findings provide some important background information for designing effective educational programs for children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives on Dental Anxiety: Theoretical Concepts, Assessments and Interventions)

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10 pages, 884 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Piezoelectric-Assisted Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment: A Prospective Case Series

by Roberto Rotundo, Lorenzo Marini, Mauro Carere, Cinzia Trezza, Giovanni Marras, Michele Nieri and Andrea Pilloni

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070178 - 20 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1094

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a non-surgical periodontal treatment using a piezoelectric power-driven device with a novel insert. Plaque index (PlI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), recession depth (Rec) and clinical attachment level (CAL) [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a non-surgical periodontal treatment using a piezoelectric power-driven device with a novel insert. Plaque index (PlI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), recession depth (Rec) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Furthermore, tooth mobility and furcation involvement were recorded and chewing discomfort and dental hypersensitivity were evaluated. Eighteen stage I to IV periodontitis patients providing 437 teeth and 2622 sites in total were analyzed. At six weeks, CAL gain (0.4; p < 0.0001), PD reduction (0.4; p < 0.0001) and Rec increase (0.1; p = 0.0029) were statistically significant. Similarly, the mean number of sites with PD > 4 mm and absence of BoP significantly decreased between baseline and 6 weeks (−12.7; p < 0.0001). At this time point, the patient’s chewing discomfort was also significantly diminished (1.4; p = 0.0172). Conversely, no statistically significant changes were observed between 6 weeks and 3 months and between 3 months and 6 months for any of the clinical variables evaluated. In conclusion, within the limitation of this study, mechanical piezo-assisted non-surgical periodontal treatment in conjunction with an innovative tip resulted significantly efficacious to reduce pathological periodontal pockets, to gain clinical attachment and to reduce gingival inflammation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Inflammation Prophylaxis, Aesthetic and Functional Treatment in Periodontitis Patients - A Special Challenge?)

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8 pages, 2803 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Human Histological Analysis of Early Bone Response to Immediately Loaded Narrow Dental Implants with Biphasic Calcium Phosphate^® Grid-Blasted Surface Treatment: A Case Report

by Tárcio Hiroshi Ishimine Skiba, Eduardo C. Kalil, Adriano Piattelli and Jamil Awad Shibli

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070177 - 19 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1061

Abstract

Implant surface topography using bioactive material provides faster bone-to-implant healing. This histological report described the analysis of human bone tissue around an immediately loaded implant, with BPC^® (Biphasic Calcium Phosphate) grit-blasted surface treatment, after two months of healing. Two temporary mini-implants (2.8 [...] Read more.

Implant surface topography using bioactive material provides faster bone-to-implant healing. This histological report described the analysis of human bone tissue around an immediately loaded implant, with BPC^® (Biphasic Calcium Phosphate) grit-blasted surface treatment, after two months of healing. Two temporary mini-implants (2.8 × 10 mm) with BPC^® grit-blasting surfaces were placed and immediately loaded to retain a complete interim denture. After a 60-day healing period, one mini-implant was removed for histologic analysis. The ground section showed the whole implant surrounded by healthy peri-implant tissues. Implant surface presented a close contact with newly formed bone, showing some areas of osteoblasts secreting mineral matrix. The ground section depicted a bone contact of 60.3 + 8.5%. The BPC^® grit-blasted surface was biocompatible and enabled the osseointegration process after a short-term period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Medical and Dental Care, Photobiomodulation and Photomedicine)

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8 pages, 427 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Use of Diode Low-Power Laser Therapy before In-Office Bleaching to Prevent Bleaching-Induced Tooth Sensitivity: A Clinical Double-Blind Randomized Study

by Felice Femiano, Rossella Femiano, Nicola Scotti, Ludovica Nucci, Antonino Lo Giudice and Vincenzo Grassia

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070176 - 18 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1188

Abstract

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) use before in-office bleaching to prevent an increase in the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity. Methods: Thirty patients were selected. Before bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide, the participants [...] Read more.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) use before in-office bleaching to prevent an increase in the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity. Methods: Thirty patients were selected. Before bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide, the participants were randomly divided into two groups of 15 subjects. Test group: the patients’ teeth were subjected to a preliminary LLLT procedure by an 810 nm diode laser with 0.5 W for 30 s for an energy density of 15 J/cm² and a group placebo. All patients were instructed to report their cold sensitivity experiences immediately, 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h after the end of bleaching via a VAS score. Results: The results obtained show an increase in VAS values for both groups (290 and 490 vs. 224 and 234 of baseline time of test and placebo group, respectively); afterward, the VAS value seemingly decreases at 1 h after the end of bleaching, approaching the baseline VAS for the test group (274) in comparison to the placebo group. Conclusions: The use of preliminary diode LLLT could represent a valid possibility to reduce the occurrence of tooth sensitivity post-whitening and shorten recovery time in cases where tooth sensitivity occurs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentinal Hypersensitivity)

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10 pages, 1044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Canine Crown Sexual Dimorphism in a Sample of the Modern Croatian Population

by Jelena Dumančić, G. Richard Scott, Ivana Savić Pavičin, Sandra Anić-Milošević, Nataša Medančić and Hrvoje Brkić

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070175 - 18 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1586

Abstract

Sex assessment is a key part of forensic analysis to establish the identity of unknown deceased individuals. Previous studies have shown that canines are the most dimorphic teeth, but population-specific data are necessary for forensic methods. This study explores sex dimorphism in canine [...] Read more.

Sex assessment is a key part of forensic analysis to establish the identity of unknown deceased individuals. Previous studies have shown that canines are the most dimorphic teeth, but population-specific data are necessary for forensic methods. This study explores sex dimorphism in canine crown dimensions and morphology in a contemporary Croatian population. The material consisted of 302 dental casts (147 females, 155 males) of orthodontic patients and dental students (11–25 years). The distal accessory ridge (DAR) of the upper and lower canines was evaluated using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. Mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) crown dimensions were measured on 120 casts. Sex differences in MD and BL dimensions were significant (p < 0.05) for all the canines (upper and lower, left and right), while in DAR only for lower canines (p < 0.000001). When all variables were put into the model, backward stepwise discriminant function analysis isolated lower canine DAR and lower left canine MD as the two independent variables differentiating sex. Using these two variables, a discriminant function formula allowed for sex determination with an accuracy of 73.5%. This study shows that both canine crown morphology and dimensions are useful for sex determination, especially for lower canines. These methods can be applied to children, as lower canines erupt at about 9 years of age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forensic Dentistry)

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9 pages, 1698 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adverse Events Related to Direct-To-Consumer Sequential Aligners—A Study of the MAUDE Database

by Priyanka Belgal, Sahil Mhay, Vrunda Patel and Romesh P. Nalliah

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070174 - 17 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1223

Abstract

Background—Direct-to-consumer (DTC) sequential aligners promote “teeth straightening” at a low cost and with added patient convenience. DTC sequential aligners have risen in popularity among the general public and sparked debate among dental professionals. Dental professionals argue that using these aligners without an in-person [...] Read more.

Background—Direct-to-consumer (DTC) sequential aligners promote “teeth straightening” at a low cost and with added patient convenience. DTC sequential aligners have risen in popularity among the general public and sparked debate among dental professionals. Dental professionals argue that using these aligners without an in-person diagnosis and treatment planning protocol set by a licensed dentist or orthodontist may lead to adverse effects on teeth and surrounding structures. The objective of this study is to describe adverse clinical events associated with the use of DTC sequential aligners as reported in the Food and Drug Administration’s Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (FDA MAUDE) database. Methods—We searched the MAUDE database from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020 for the product code of ‘NXC’ (sequential aligners). The year, type of adverse event, reporter occupation, and event description were noted. Results—651 reports associated with sequential aligners were found, of which 104 were related to DTC sequential aligners. Fifty-four adverse events were reported in 2019. From the event description, 41.3% comprised bite problems, 29.8% comprised orofacial pain, and 26.6% of patients had some form of periodontal sequelae. Furthermore, 69.2% of the patients followed up after an adverse event with a dentist not associated with DTC aligners. Conclusions—The use of DTC sequential aligners without dental supervision has led to oral health problems, as documented in the MAUDE database. Commonly reported adverse events include bite problems, pain, sensitivity, and periodontal disease, and some adverse events are irreversible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and New Technologies)

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15 pages, 3463 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Different Toothpastes on the Nanomechanical Properties and Chemical Composition of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement and Composite Resin Restorations

by Mariana Dias Moda, Paulo Henrique Dos Santos, Nubia Inocencya Pavesi Pini, Leonardo Negri Furini, André Luiz Fraga Briso, André Assmann and Ticiane Cestari Fagundes

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070173 - 17 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1084

Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluates the effects of different toothpastes on the nanohardness and chemical compositions of restorative materials and dental surfaces. Methods: Bovine enamel (n = 72) and dentin (n = 72) blocks were obtained and restored using RMGIC (n [...] Read more.

Purpose: This study evaluates the effects of different toothpastes on the nanohardness and chemical compositions of restorative materials and dental surfaces. Methods: Bovine enamel (n = 72) and dentin (n = 72) blocks were obtained and restored using RMGIC (n = 36) or CR (n = 36) to create the following surfaces: dentin adjacent to RMGIC (DRMGIC), enamel adjacent to RMGIC (ERMGIC), dentin adjacent to CR (DCR), and enamel adjacent to CR (ECR). After restoration, one hemiface of each specimen was coated with an acid-resistant varnish to facilitate the creation of control (C) and eroded (E) sides; the latter were achieved by erosion–abrasion cycles as follows: erosion with 1% citric acid: 5 days, four times for 2 min each day; 1% citric acid/abrasion, two times for 15 s, followed by immersion in a toothpaste slurry for 2 min. Toothpastes without fluoride (WF; n = 12), with sodium fluoride (NaF; n = 12), and with stannous fluoride (SnF₂; n = 12) were used for RMGIC or CR. The specimens were analyzed for nanohardness (H), and chemical composition using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results: Lower H values were obtained with NaF for DRMGIC-C, with a statistically significant difference from the H value obtained with WF (p < 0.05). The calcium and phosphorus concentrations in DCR-E were significantly lower with WF than with the other types of toothpaste (p < 0.05). Fluoride-containing toothpastes are capable of preserving the main chemical components of the dentin adjacent to the restorative materials under erosive–abrasive conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dental Care, Chairside and Beyond)

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24 pages, 1222 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Methods for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Home Oral Hygiene Measures—A Narrative Review of Dental Biofilm Indices

by Gerarda D’Elia, William Floris, Lorenzo Marini, Denise Corridore, Mariana Andrea Rojas, Livia Ottolenghi and Andrea Pilloni

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070172 - 17 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3389

Abstract

Dental plaque is a biofilm structured in an extracellular matrix of polymers of host and microbial origin; the microorganisms can coexist in harmony with the host, thus guarantying oral health. Environmental modifications can lead to dysbiosis and onset of oral diseases; in fact, [...] Read more.

Dental plaque is a biofilm structured in an extracellular matrix of polymers of host and microbial origin; the microorganisms can coexist in harmony with the host, thus guarantying oral health. Environmental modifications can lead to dysbiosis and onset of oral diseases; in fact, plaque is the etiological agent both of periodontal disease and dental decay. The use of an effective oral hygiene index should be considered as a relevant goal for the clinicians and the researchers, and consequently, numerous plaque indices have been proposed during the years. The present literature review aims primarily to obtain a complete summary of these scores to assess plaque deposits. It is useful because the clinician/researcher will select the right scoring method for the specific situation only if he knows the available options and if he is aware of both their strengths and weaknesses. This review applies a basic classification of plaque indices that distinguishes the ones that use non-quantitative methods from the ones that use quantitative methods. Non-quantitative methods are more subjective because they are based on the ability of the clinician to point out the presence or the entity of deposits, while quantitative methods introduce objectifiable means to measure plaque deposits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Dentistry)

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15 pages, 656 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Treatment of Periodontitis Affecting Human Primary Teeth—A Systematic Review

by Protyusha Guha Biswas, Anusha Mohan and Eswar Kandaswamy

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070171 - 14 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1692

Abstract

The aim of this systematic review is to report the treatment options (Intervention) and outcomes (O) for primary teeth affected by periodontitis (Population) and if the treatment of primary teeth can prevent the spread of periodontitis to permanent teeth (Outcomes). The following databases [...] Read more.

The aim of this systematic review is to report the treatment options (Intervention) and outcomes (O) for primary teeth affected by periodontitis (Population) and if the treatment of primary teeth can prevent the spread of periodontitis to permanent teeth (Outcomes). The following databases were searched for papers published before December 2022: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Ebscohost. Studies on children affected by periodontitis involving the primary teeth were included and those on children who presented with periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease were excluded. Narrative synthesis and methodological quality assessments were performed for the included studies. Three interventional studies (without a control group) that evaluated treatments involving scaling and root planing (SRP with antibiotics) and extraction were included (total n = 60 patients). Additionally, twelve case reports/case series articles (n = 19 patients) were identified. The diagnoses ranged from aggressive periodontitis to juvenile periodontitis and pre-pubertal periodontitis. Based on a limited number of published studies, it was found that the early treatment of periodontitis affecting the primary teeth using SRP and systemic antibiotics resulted in favorable improvements in PD and CAL. Limited evidence suggests that SRP and the extraction of the primary teeth involved have the potential to prevent periodontitis affecting permanent teeth. Future trials are required to standardize the treatment protocols and to confirm these findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oral Hygiene, Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases)

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11 pages, 3198 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Candida in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

by Orvokki Saraneva, Jussi Furuholm, Jaana Hagström, Timo Sorsa, Ville Rita, Taina Tervahartiala, Hannamari Välimaa and Hellevi Ruokonen

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070170 - 14 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1538

Abstract

This retrospective study addressed the role of oral potentially malignant disorders and the presence of intraepithelial Candida hyphae in the carcinogenesis of the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its association with smoking, alcohol consumption, and oral inflammatory burden. The medical records of [...] Read more.

This retrospective study addressed the role of oral potentially malignant disorders and the presence of intraepithelial Candida hyphae in the carcinogenesis of the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its association with smoking, alcohol consumption, and oral inflammatory burden. The medical records of 183 subjects diagnosed with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma at the Helsinki University Hospital were investigated. Preceding oral lichen planus, lichenoid reaction, and leukoplakia diagnosis were recorded. Further, the data on Candida hyphae in histological samples as an indicator of oral candidiasis, oral inflammatory burden, smoking, and alcohol consumption were recorded and analyzed. The histopathological diagnosis of oral lichen planus/lichenoid reaction (p < 0.001) and the presence of Candida hyphae (p = 0.005) were associated significantly with female gender. Oral lichen planus/lichenoid reaction patients were less often smokers than patients without these lesions. Candida hyphae were more often recorded in patients without alcohol use (p = 0.012). Oral lichen planus/lichenoid reaction and Candida hyphae in histological samples were associated with female gender and lower levels of typical risk factors, such as alcohol use and smoking, in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients. Therefore, these patients should be well monitored despite a potential lack of the classical risk factors of oral carcinoma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oral Hygiene, Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases)

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9 pages, 245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Awareness, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Oral Healthcare among First Year Dental, Medical, and Nursing Students

by Tassya Lay, Fadiza Nurchasanah, Dessie Wanda, Indriasti Indah Wardhany, Rulliana Agustin, Satoru Haresaku, Yuniardini Septorini Wimardhani and Masita Mandasari

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070169 - 12 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1613

Abstract

Background: It has been reported that poor oral health can worsen general health conditions. Good collaboration between health professionals is important to provide proper oral healthcare. Thus, there is a need for oral healthcare interprofessional education (IPE). This study aimed to determine the [...] Read more.

Background: It has been reported that poor oral health can worsen general health conditions. Good collaboration between health professionals is important to provide proper oral healthcare. Thus, there is a need for oral healthcare interprofessional education (IPE). This study aimed to determine the baseline level of awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of oral healthcare among first-year students of dentistry, medicine, and nursing at Universitas Indonesia. Method and Participants: A cross-sectional descriptive analytical study using a previously published questionnaire was conducted involving 442 students, consisting of dental students (DS), medical students (MS), and nursing students (NS) in Universitas Indonesia. Results: Most students have shown good oral healthcare awareness, attitudes, and perception with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). The majority of the students did not perceive that (1) geriatric and nursing knowledge are required to practice oral care, (2) oral healthcare should be provided in cancer hospitals, and (3) oral healthcare can prevent cardiovascular disease and improve anorexia. Conclusions: This study showed that there were aspects of oral healthcare that should be improved in all student groups. Thus, oral healthcare IPE should be given to all students working in healthcare to develop knowledge and interprofessional collaboration in oral healthcare. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Dental Education)

11 pages, 2374 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Apical Periodontitis Disease in the Development of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: An Animal Study

by Manuel Marques-Ferreira, Ana Margarida Abrantes, Anabela Paula, Mafalda Laranjo, Ana Salomé Pires, Francisco Caramelo, Juan José Segura-Egea, Ana Brito, Lina Carvalho, Maria Filomena Botelho, Eunice Carrilho, Carlos Miguel Marto and Siri Paulo

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070168 - 12 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1070

Abstract

Background: Microorganisms and their by-products are responsible for establishing pulpal and periapical diseases. Healing is compromised in patients under bisphosphonate therapy, and the presence of periapical infections can potentially lead to the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This work aimed [...] Read more.

Background: Microorganisms and their by-products are responsible for establishing pulpal and periapical diseases. Healing is compromised in patients under bisphosphonate therapy, and the presence of periapical infections can potentially lead to the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This work aimed to evaluate if bisphosphonate therapy is a risk factor for MRONJ development in the presence of periapical lesions. Methods: Two groups of 10 female Wistar rats were used. The experimental group received zoledronate (0.1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, and the control received a saline solution, three times a week for three weeks. One week after the last injection, apical periodontitis was induced through pulpal exposure in the mandibular first molars. Twenty-one days later, the animals were intravenously injected with ^99mTc-HMDP, and the radioactivity uptake by mandibular specimens was counted. In addition, sample radiographs and a histological examination were performed. Results: The bone loss was higher in the control group when compared to the experimental group (p = 0.027). ^99mTc-HMDP uptake in the control was reduced compared with the experimental group, although without statistical significance. Conclusions: In the presence of zoledronate therapy, apical periodontitis does not increase the risk of MRONJ development, and periapical lesions have lower bone resorption when compared to the control group. Full article

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10 pages, 748 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy of Articaine or Eugenol for Pain Relief after Emergency Coronal Pulpotomy in Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

by Fernandez De Grado Gabriel, Bourdin Clément, Fioretti Florence, Musset Anne-Marie and Offner Damien

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070167 - 11 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1761

Abstract

Irreversible pulpitis is an extremely painful dental pathology. Its emergency treatment, pulpotomy, should include the use of a pulp dressing in the pulp chamber until the final treatment. Various antalgic products have been suggested as efficient medications to relieve the patient’s pain and [...] Read more.

Irreversible pulpitis is an extremely painful dental pathology. Its emergency treatment, pulpotomy, should include the use of a pulp dressing in the pulp chamber until the final treatment. Various antalgic products have been suggested as efficient medications to relieve the patient’s pain and are commonly used, but data for scientific validation are scarce. Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of articaine or eugenol in the diminution of pain after pulpotomy. Design: We included 100 patients with irreversible pulpitis and evaluated their initial pain levels. Pain was measured using a 0–10 numeric rating scale. After treatment through pulpotomy, we randomized them into two groups using either articaine or eugenol as a pulp dressing and evaluated their pain level at 1, 3 and 7 days. Results: Initial pain levels were severe (7.53). The use of painkillers was not associated with lower levels of pain. Both treatments showed great efficiency on day 1, with stronger efficiency of eugenol than articaine, showing a decrease of 6.24 versus 4.89 (p = 0.025). Both treatments were efficient, whatever the age or sex of the patient, the initial pain level, and the causal tooth. Conclusion: Pulpotomy is an efficient way to relieve pain, using either articaine or eugenol. When choosing a pulp dressing, eugenol should be the first choice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Material Science in Endodontics)

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12 pages, 2288 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Clinical Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance, Ion Release, and Biocompatibility of CoCr Alloy for Metal-Ceramic Restorations Produced by CAD/CAM Technologies

by Zlatina Tomova, Angelina Vlahova, Stefan Zlatev, Ilyana Stoeva, Desislav Tomov, Delyana Davcheva and Viktor Hadzhigaev

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070166 - 07 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1283

Abstract

Background. CAD/CAM technologies facilitate using powder CoCr alloys to produce metal-ceramic dental restorations. However, base alloys may induce oxidative stress in the oral cavity due to corrosion and ion release. This study evaluated resistance to corrosion and release of metal ions from 3D [...] Read more.

Background. CAD/CAM technologies facilitate using powder CoCr alloys to produce metal-ceramic dental restorations. However, base alloys may induce oxidative stress in the oral cavity due to corrosion and ion release. This study evaluated resistance to corrosion and release of metal ions from 3D printed CoCr dental alloy and their effect on oral oxidative stress. Methods. Metal-ceramic crowns with 3D printed copings from CoCr alloy EOS CobaltChrome SP2 (EOS, Germany) were fabricated for 35 patients. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for measuring the concentration of Co and Cr ions in non-stimulated saliva before prosthetic treatment (BPT), at 2 h and 7 days after the dental treatment (APT2, APT7, respectively). Open circuit potentials (Eocp) were evaluated at APT2 and APT7. Estimating oral oxidative stress, measurements of 8-isoprostaglandin F2-alpha were conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at stages BPT, APT2, and APT7. Results. Salivary Co level increased at APT2 and decreased to the initial levels at APT7. No statistical difference was found between the levels of 8-isoPGF2-alpha measured, and between the Eocp measurements at APT2 and APT7. Conclusions. The studied alloy showed stable corrosion resistance and the metal ion release did not induce oral oxidative stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Digital Dentistry)

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9 pages, 1822 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Survey on Attitude, Awareness, and Knowledge of Patients Regarding the Use of Dental Implants at a Swiss University Clinic

by Adib Al-Haj Husain, Olivia De Cicco, Bernd Stadlinger, Fabienne Andrina Bosshard, Valérie Schmidt, Mutlu Özcan and Silvio Valdec

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070165 - 05 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1946

Abstract

Even though restoring missing teeth and oral tissue with dental implants is perceived by most patients as a positive experience, patients lack access to evidence-based information about different treatment options. In order to provide more accurate information for public dental education in Switzerland [...] Read more.

Even though restoring missing teeth and oral tissue with dental implants is perceived by most patients as a positive experience, patients lack access to evidence-based information about different treatment options. In order to provide more accurate information for public dental education in Switzerland and to compare it worldwide, this descriptive cross-sectional survey-based study assessed pre-operative attitudes, awareness, and knowledge of patients. A total of 160 patients with indication for tooth extraction were selected randomly from clinical routine between August 2022 and February 2023. Statistical analysis was performed including the chi-square test based on a significance level of 0.05. The results confirm that most patients (78%) were aware of implants as a treatment option for replacing missing teeth and consider them a prioritized solution (79%). Their primary sources of information are dentists (59%), the Internet (50%), relatives and friends (40%). The majority of patients (84%) wanted the surgical procedure to be performed by a board-certified clinical specialist expecting high functional and aesthetic outcomes. Low levels of knowledge could be observed regarding postoperative care, functionality, and clinical performance of implants. This survey-based study revealed a positive attitude and an acceptable level of awareness and knowledge regarding the use of dental implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry Journal: 10th Anniversary)

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12 pages, 266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dental Teacher Feedback and Student Learning: A Qualitative Study

by Peter Fine, Albert Leung, Ingrid Tonni and Chris Louca

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070164 - 30 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1198

Abstract

Introduction: Feedback is essential to improve student learning and motivation and to encourage curriculum development by teachers. This study looked at feedback to and from dental students from a qualitative perspective. Methods: Dental teachers were recruited exclusively to this study from the membership [...] Read more.

Introduction: Feedback is essential to improve student learning and motivation and to encourage curriculum development by teachers. This study looked at feedback to and from dental students from a qualitative perspective. Methods: Dental teachers were recruited exclusively to this study from the membership of the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE). Delegates from each of the four annual ADEE conferences were invited to attend focus groups to discuss aspects of feedback. Focus groups established an individual theme for the respective conferences: (i) the role of the teacher in delivering feedback; (ii) feedback from the students’ perspective; (iii) changes to feedback due to the COVID-19 pandemic; and (iv) integrating feedback with assessments. Results: Qualitative data collected from the conference delegates were diverse and thought provoking. Delegates reported different styles of feedback varying from individual, personal feedback to no feedback at all. An enforced and mostly positive adaptation to online delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic was reported. A partial return to pre-pandemic practices was described. Conclusions: Feedback is well recognized by students and teachers as contributing to learning. A universal approach to delivering feedback as part of the student learning process can be challenging due to a multitude of variables. Many aspects of changes in dental education, teaching, and feedback practices adopted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic have been retained post-pandemic, thereby accelerating the anticipated progression to online teaching. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Dental Education)

9 pages, 241 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Use of Systemic Steroids, Hormone Replacement Therapy, or Oral Contraceptives Is Associated with Decreased Implant Survival in Women

by Michelle Y. Zou, Robert E. Cohen, Brendon L. Ursomanno and Lisa M. Yerke

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070163 - 29 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1895

Abstract

Background: Systemic steroids, such as prednisone, hormonal replacement therapies, or oral contraceptives, are commonly prescribed to women who might also be receiving dental implant therapy. However, the effect of these medications on dental implant survival is unknown. Methods: The medical and dental records [...] Read more.

Background: Systemic steroids, such as prednisone, hormonal replacement therapies, or oral contraceptives, are commonly prescribed to women who might also be receiving dental implant therapy. However, the effect of these medications on dental implant survival is unknown. Methods: The medical and dental records of individuals with dental implants (N = 1480 implants) who visited a postgraduate periodontics clinic between 2000 and 2017 were initially considered. Those younger than 21 years old, pregnant, or male were excluded according to the study’s exclusion criteria. The presence of systemic diseases and conditions was assessed. Implant failure rates among female patients using systemic steroids, hormone replacement therapy, or oral contraceptives were compared with failure rates among patients not taking those medications. Results: The implant failure rate for the 65 implants in patients taking steroid medications was 7.69%; the failure rate for the 712 implants in patients not taking steroids was 1.54% (p < 0.001). After adjusting for smoking and the presence of diabetes, that relationship persisted, with an 8.47% implant failure rate for the 59 implants in patients taking steroids (vs. 1.54% failure for the 585 implants in patients not taking steroids; p < 0.001). Regression analyses demonstrated that the odds of implant failure versus success were 5.31 times greater in patients taking systemic steroids, hormone replacement therapy, or oral contraceptives (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in patient plaque control were found between the experimental and control groups. Conclusions: Among women, the use of systemic steroids is associated with a five-fold increase in the rate of dental implant failure, regardless of the presence of smoking or diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Implantology and Bone Regeneration)

23 pages, 579 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Propolis Controlled Delivery Systems for Oral Therapeutics in Dental Medicine: A Systematic Review

by Andressa da Silva Barboza, Juliana Silva Ribeiro de Andrade, Monika Lamas Ferreira, Carla Lucía David Peña, Juliê Silveira da Costa, André Ricardo Fajardo and Rafael Guerra Lund

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070162 - 29 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1984

Abstract

This systematic review synthesizes the existing evidence in the literature regarding the association of propolis with controlled delivery systems (DDSs) and its potential therapeutic action in dental medicine. Two independent reviewers performed a literature search up to 1 June 2023 in five databases: [...] Read more.

This systematic review synthesizes the existing evidence in the literature regarding the association of propolis with controlled delivery systems (DDSs) and its potential therapeutic action in dental medicine. Two independent reviewers performed a literature search up to 1 June 2023 in five databases: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase, to identify the eligible studies. Clinical, in situ, and in vitro studies that investigated the incorporation of propolis as the main agent in DDSs for dental medicine were included in this study. Review articles, clinical cases, theses, dissertations, conference abstracts, and studies that had no application in dentistry were excluded. A total of 2019 records were initially identified. After carefully examining 21 full-text articles, 12 in vitro studies, 4 clinical, 1 animal model, and 3 in vivo and in vitro studies were included (n = 21). Relevant data were extracted from the included studies and analyzed qualitatively. The use of propolis has been reported in cariology, endodontics, periodontics, stomatology, and dental implants. Propolis has shown non-cytotoxic, osteoinductive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, propolis can be released from DDS for prolonged periods, presenting biocompatibility, safety, and potential advantage for applications in dental medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Regenerative Dentistry and Biomaterials)

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11 pages, 1608 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phosphoric Acid Etch Partially Restores the Initial Bond Strength of Composite to Silver Diamine Fluoride–Treated Enamel Using Universal Adhesives

by Zaher Jabbour, Mijoo Kim, Marc Hayashi and Reuben Kim

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070161 - 28 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1687

Abstract

Background: Restoring bonding composite to silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated enamel is challenging. This study investigates if phosphoric acid etch restores composite bond strength to SDF-treated enamel using universal adhesives. Methods: Twenty-four recently extracted permanent teeth were randomly divided into 4 (2 experimental (SDF) [...] Read more.

Background: Restoring bonding composite to silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated enamel is challenging. This study investigates if phosphoric acid etch restores composite bond strength to SDF-treated enamel using universal adhesives. Methods: Twenty-four recently extracted permanent teeth were randomly divided into 4 (2 experimental (SDF) and 2 control (CTR)) groups: SDF+Water: SDF (1 min) then water rinse (15 mL); CTR+Water: no treatment and water rinse (15 mL); SDF+Etch+Water: SDF (1 min), 35% phosphoric acid (40 s) then water rinse (15 mL); CTR+Etch+Water no treatment, 35% phosphoric acid (40 s) then water rinse (15 mL). The enamel surface in all the groups was bonded (All-Bond Universal) to 4–5 mm composite blocks (Z-250). Each sample was sectioned, and 6–8 beams (1 mm × 1 mm) were selected. The micro-tensile bond strength was measured by dividing the micro-tensile force peak by the adhesive surface area. Univariate ANOVA and Chi-square were used for between-group comparisons with p < 0.05. Results: SDF+Water had significantly lower tensile strength compared to all the groups (p < 0.05). Although no difference was found in the tensile strength between the SDF+Etch+Water and the CTR+Etch+Water, the SDF+Etch+Water had significantly more adhesive failures compared to the CTR+Etch+Water (p = 0.047). Conclusions: While phosphoric acid etch seems to restore the initial composite bond strength to SDF-treated enamel, the long-term success of composite restorations bonded to SDF-treated enamel may need further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dental Care, Chairside and Beyond)

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12 pages, 3670 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Semaphorin 4D Induces Vasculogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells

by Najla Al Turkestani, Zhaocheng Zhang and Jacques Eduardo Nör

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070160 - 27 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1210

Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) signaling through Plexin B1 on the vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. We assessed the protein expression of SEMA4D and Plexin B1 in dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) from permanent human [...] Read more.

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) signaling through Plexin B1 on the vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. We assessed the protein expression of SEMA4D and Plexin B1 in dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) from permanent human teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous (SHED) teeth using Western blots. Their expression in human dental pulp tissues and DPSC-engineered dental pulps was determined using immunofluorescence. We then exposed dental pulp stem cells to recombinant human SEMA4D (rhSEMA4D), evaluated the expression of endothelial cell differentiation markers, and assessed the vasculogenic potential of rhSEMA4D using an in vitro sprouting assay. Lastly, Plexin B1 was silenced to ascertain its role in SEMA4D-mediated vasculogenic differentiation. We found that SEMA4D and Plexin B1 are expressed in DPSC, SHED, and human dental pulp tissues. rhSEMA4D (25–100 ng/mL) induced the expression of endothelial markers, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, cluster of differentiation (CD)-31, and tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains (Tie)-2, in dental pulp stem cells and promoted capillary-like sprouting in vitro (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Plexin B1 silencing abrogated the vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and significantly inhibited capillary sprouting upon exposure to rhSEMA4D. Collectively, these data provide evidence that SEMA4D induces vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through Plexin B1 signaling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regenerative Approaches in Dental Sciences)

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16 pages, 3769 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Decision Making in the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth: Effect of Biomimetic Dentistry Training

by Paridhi Kimble, Sandra Stuhr, Neville McDonald, Akshaya Venugopalan, Marcia S. Campos and Bruno Cavalcanti

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070159 - 26 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2718

Abstract

The restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) is challenging as these teeth often present with structural deficiencies. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the final restoration choice. Historically, the full coverage crown was the universally selected treatment for endodontically treated teeth. With advances [...] Read more.

The restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) is challenging as these teeth often present with structural deficiencies. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the final restoration choice. Historically, the full coverage crown was the universally selected treatment for endodontically treated teeth. With advances in adhesive and biomimetic dentistry, more minimally invasive treatment modalities have become a viable option. With this study, we aim to understand the restorative decision of the general dentist with or without additional training in biomimetic dentistry. Seventy-eight general dentists, with or without biomimetic training, were surveyed to determine their restorative preferences on five extracted posterior teeth, categorized according to volumetric loss of tooth structure, as indicated by the number of missing walls, the isthmus width, the presence or absence of marginal ridges, and cusps. CAD/CAM reconstructions were made with the teeth to analyze the volume of tooth loss and compare these with the survey results. Data were compared using the chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. The frequency of responses recommending a crown and the volume of tooth loss were correlated using the Pearson test (p < 0.05). For all five teeth, survey responses showed a statistically significant difference in the restorative decision of full coverage versus alternative restorations, with biomimetic dentists selecting a direct restoration or inlay/onlay in lieu of a full coverage crown (n = 63, p < 0.05). The age of the participant did not have a significant impact on the restorative decision making process for these teeth. The biomimetic trained dentists showed a greater tendency to select a crown option only when the volume of tooth loss was greatest, otherwise their restorative decisions tended towards the conservative treatment options. This study also demonstrates a novel method of digitally developing a volume of tooth loss to compare against the visual interpretation of the volume of tooth loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endodontics and Restorative Sciences)

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19 pages, 583 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Potential Clinical Application of Organs-on-a-Chip in Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

by Carlos M. Ardila, Gustavo A. Jiménez-Arbeláez and Annie Marcela Vivares-Builes

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070158 - 26 Jun 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1523

Abstract

The periodontium is a unique organ from the standpoint of building an organ-on-a-chip (OoC) since it is a system that is continually threatened by microorganisms, their noxious compounds, and antigenic components. At the same time, periodontal health depends on a balanced connection between [...] Read more.

The periodontium is a unique organ from the standpoint of building an organ-on-a-chip (OoC) since it is a system that is continually threatened by microorganisms, their noxious compounds, and antigenic components. At the same time, periodontal health depends on a balanced connection between the host and the bacteria in the oral cavity, which is a complex micro-ecological environment. The objective of this systematic review of in vitro studies is to revise the potential clinical application of OoC in periodontal diseases. PRISMA was used to guide this analysis. The review framework made use of several databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCIELO, and LILACS as well as the gray literature. This systematic review comprised seven studies. The clinical efficacy of OoC in periodontal diseases was observed in models of the gingival crevice for the research of periodontitis, periodontal medication analysis, the interaction of multiple microbial species, pH measurements in in situ-grown biofilm, testing antimicrobial reagents, evaluation of mucosal interactions with microorganisms, and a device for quantitative exploration of microorganisms. OoC has the potential to advance our understanding of periodontal diseases by providing a more accurate representation of the oral microenvironment and enabling the development of new treatments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry Journal: 10th Anniversary)

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14 pages, 607 KiB

Open AccessReview

Contemporary Understanding of the Etiology and Management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Literature Review

by Ahmed Yahya Alzahrani, Najlaa Mohammed Hussain Alamoudi and Omar Abd El Sadek El Meligy

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070157 - 23 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2930

Abstract

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a significant health problem that can affect the child’s quality of life by negatively affecting their esthetics and function. This review aimed to summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of MIH. It also aimed to summarize the recent studies [...] Read more.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a significant health problem that can affect the child’s quality of life by negatively affecting their esthetics and function. This review aimed to summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of MIH. It also aimed to summarize the recent studies on MIH in children and adolescents, focusing on diagnosis, prevention, and clinical management. An electronic search on the PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, MedlinePlus, WHO reports, and Google Scholar databases was performed. The volume of research on the etiology, presentation, and clinical management of MIH is still expanding. The creation and validation of indices for the diagnosis and management of MIH, as well as any potential genetic aspects appear to be the main areas of current research. Notably, MIH was linked to childhood illnesses, the use of antibiotics, and early childhood fever. Although many studies discuss the different options for managing MIH lesions, evidence-based studies that address the long-term outcomes of MIH are still lacking. Indeed, future clinical studies should be directed to evaluate the impact of each systemic etiological factor and its different types of management on normal amelogenesis. Regarding the diagnosis, future research should focus on the pre-eruption diagnosis and early approaches to prevent the post-eruption breakdown and caries. Regarding the treatment of MIH, future investigations should emphasize further improvements in adhesion and the use of new materials and techniques, such as digital dentistry. Full article

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14 pages, 1800 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Chelating Agents in Endodontic Treatment among Dental Practitioners

by Anna Mikheikina, Nina Novozhilova, Maria Polyakova, Inna Sokhova, Anastasia Mun, Alexandr Zaytsev, Ksenia Babina and Irina Makeeva

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070156 - 21 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1503

Abstract

The use of chelating agents (CAs) in the endodontic irrigation protocol is required to dissolve the inorganic components of the smear layer. We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental professionals regarding the use of CAs during root canal treatment. [...] Read more.

The use of chelating agents (CAs) in the endodontic irrigation protocol is required to dissolve the inorganic components of the smear layer. We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental professionals regarding the use of CAs during root canal treatment. A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted among specialized endodontists and general dentists who routinely perform endodontic treatment and work in government-funded or private clinics in Moscow. The 8 min survey consisted of four parts: basic demographic data, knowledge (five items), attitude (four items), and practice (five items). We collected 376 completed questionnaires; a majority of the respondents were general dentists (87.5%) and worked in private clinics (77.4%). Most respondents (83.5%) showed a fair knowledge of the CAs used in endodontics, while 16.5% showed a poor knowledge of the topic. Small yet significant differences were found between endodontists and general practitioners and between dentists employed by private and government-funded clinics. A majority of dental practitioners (83%) demonstrated a positive attitude towards the use of CAs in endodontic treatment, and there were no differences among the study subgroups. Almost a third of the respondents always used chelating solutions during endodontic treatment, while 17% of the respondents did not use them at all. There were significant differences in this parameter between dentists working in private and government-funded clinics. Practice significantly correlated with attitude towards chelating agents and with knowledge of the topic. In conclusion, dental practitioners demonstrated a fair knowledge of CAs. Despite a positive attitude, 71% of the respondents did not use CAs for all endodontic patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Endodontics)

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13 pages, 742 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Performance of Paralleling Technique and Bisecting Angle Technique for Taking Periapical Radiographs: A Systematic Review

by Matthew Yen and Andy Wai Kan Yeung

Dent. J. 2023, 11(7), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070155 - 21 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 7353

Abstract

Periapical radiography is a routine radiographic procedure performed by dentists on a daily basis. It can be taken with two techniques, the paralleling technique (P tech) and the bisecting angle technique (B tech). This systematic review aimed to identify the relevant literature, compare [...] Read more.

Periapical radiography is a routine radiographic procedure performed by dentists on a daily basis. It can be taken with two techniques, the paralleling technique (P tech) and the bisecting angle technique (B tech). This systematic review aimed to identify the relevant literature, compare the use of P and B techs across various dental specialties, and determine the most appropriate technique to be used for different purposes in taking periapical radiographs. In January 2023, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify the studies that compared the two radiographic techniques. The search string was: (paralleling AND (“bisecting angle” OR “bisected angle”)). Manual reference tracing was also performed to identify the studies potentially missed. After screening, 26 studies were included for the qualitative review. The 26 included studies were published between 1976 and 2021. Ten of the studies were about general dentistry (dental radiology in general applications), whereas another ten studies were related to endodontics, such as working length estimation. Most studies advocated the use of the P tech for general, endodontics, implantology, and other indications. B tech was advocated for patients with a low palatal height. More future studies are needed to evaluate their performance in different scenarios with standardized equipment and radiographic positioning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Dentistry)

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Dent. J., Volume 11, Issue 7 (July 2023) – 27 articles

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