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Viruses
Special Issues
HIV Reservoirs, Latency, and the Factors Responsible
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HIV Reservoirs, Latency, and the Factors Responsible

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 252

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuyang Tang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Interests: HIV reservoirs; latency; HIV persistent infection in the central nerve system (CNS); HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)
Dr. Mudit Tyagi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
Interests: HIV; AIDS; latency; reactivation of latency; transcription; drugs of abuse
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant challenge for global health. Thankfully, contemporary anti-HIV medications demonstrate remarkable efficacy in managing HIV transmission and replication. However, it is widely acknowledged that existing anti-HIV treatments cannot completely eliminate or cure HIV. The principal obstacle in eradicating HIV lies in the persistence of highly stable latent HIV reservoirs within infected individuals. These reservoirs form early during infection, rendering even the prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) ineffective in achieving HIV eradication.

Numerous attempts have been made, albeit unsuccessfully, to eliminate latent HIV reservoirs. Due to HIV's mutational adaptability, both preventive and therapeutic vaccines have proven ineffective. Furthermore, several prophylactic approaches, such as microbicides, are encountering challenges in achieving significant impact.

We are interested in a broader area of research, with a primary emphasis on understanding the mechanisms and characteristics of HIV latency and persistence. We also invite manuscripts addressing HIV therapeutics, vaccine trials (both pre-clinical and clinical), and strategies aimed at disrupting HIV and latent reservoirs. We aim to compile a diverse array of manuscripts exploring critical facets of HIV, which can serve as foundations for developing more efficacious anti-HIV therapies.

Dr. Yuyang Tang
Dr. Mudit Tyagi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • HIV
  • HIV latency
  • HIV persistence
  • HIV eradication
  • HIV cure
  • HIV vaccine

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 762 KiB  
Article
Resistance Mutation Patterns among HIV-1-Infected Children and Features of the Program for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission in Vietnam’s Central Highlands and Southern Regions, 2017–2021
by Huynh Hoang Khanh Thu, Alexandr N. Schemelev, Yulia V. Ostankova, Diana E. Reingardt, Vladimir S. Davydenko, Nguyen Tuong Vi, Le Ngoc Tu, Ton Tran, Truong Thi Xuan Lien, Aleksandr V. Semenov and Areg A. Totolian
Viruses 2024, 16(5), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050696 (registering DOI) - 28 Apr 2024
Viewed by 152
Abstract
The Vietnam Ministry of Health (MOH) has intensified efforts in its aim to eliminate AIDS by 2030. Expanding the program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is a significant step towards achieving this goal. However, there are still HIV-exposed children who do not [...] Read more.
The Vietnam Ministry of Health (MOH) has intensified efforts in its aim to eliminate AIDS by 2030. Expanding the program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is a significant step towards achieving this goal. However, there are still HIV-exposed children who do not have access to PMTCT services, and some who have participated in the program but still contracted HIV. This study focused on assessing the prevalence and profile of HIV mutations among children under 18 months of age who had recently tested positive for HIV, while gaining insights into the implementation of early infant diagnostic (EID) tests. Between 2017 and 2021, 3.43% of 5854 collected dry blood spot (DBS) specimens from Vietnam’s Central and Southern regions showed positive EID results. This study identified a high prevalence of resistance mutations in children, totaling 62.9% (95% CI: 53.5–72.3). The highest prevalence of mutations was observed for NNRTIs, with 57.1% (95% CI: 47.5–66.8). Common mutations included Y181C and K103N (NNRTI resistance), M184I/V (NRTI resistance), and no major mutations for PI. The percentage of children with any resistance mutation was significantly higher among those who received PMTCT interventions (69.2%; 95% CI: 50.5–92.6%) compared with those without PMTCT (45.0%; 95% CI: 26.7–71.1%) with χ2 = 6.06, p = 0.0138, and OR = 2.75 (95% CI: 1.13–6.74). Mutation profiles revealed that polymorphic mutations could be present regardless of whether PMTCT interventions were implemented or not. However, non-polymorphic drug resistance mutations were predominantly observed in children who received PMTCT measures. Regarding PMTCT program characteristics, this study highlights the issue of late access to HIV testing for both mothers and their infected children. Statistical differences were observed between PMTCT and non-PMTCT children. The proportion of late detection of HIV infection and breastfeeding rates were significantly higher among non-PMTCT children (p < 0.05). Comparative analysis between children with low viral load (≤200 copies/mL) and high viral load (>200 copies/mL) showed significant differences between the mothers’ current ART regimens (p = 0.029) and the ARV prophylaxis regimen for children (p = 0.016). These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive surveillance to assess the effectiveness of the PMTCT program, including potential transmission of HIV drug-resistance mutations from mothers to children in Vietnam. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Reservoirs, Latency, and the Factors Responsible)
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