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Vaccines
Special Issues
HIV Pathogenesis, Vaccine, and Eradication Strategies: Second Edition
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HIV Pathogenesis, Vaccine, and Eradication Strategies: Second Edition

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "HIV Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2023) | Viewed by 3186

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mudit Tyagi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
Interests: HIV; AIDS; latency; reactivation of latency; transcription; drugs of abuse
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue on “HIV Pathogenesis, Vaccine, and Eradication Strategies” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines/special_issues/hiv_vaccine)”.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a very big problem for humanity. Fortunately, current anti-HIV drug regimens are highly effective in controlling HIV transmission and replication. However, it is well established that current anti-HIV therapy will not be able to eradicate or cure HIV. Numerous strategies have been applied unsuccessfully to flush out the latent HIV reservoirs, the main hurdle in HIV eradication. However, due to the mutadaptability of HIV, both preventive and therapeutic vaccines have been proven to be ineffective. In addition, several other prophylactic approaches, including microbicides, are struggling to make an impact.

We are interested in a broad area of research, focusing primarily on the mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis, life cycle, latency, and therapeutics. In addition, we are calling for manuscripts dealing with vaccine trials (preclinical and clinical) and strategies to develop a more effective HIV vaccine. We aim to present a combination of manuscripts dealing with different vital aspects of HIV, which can be exploited to develop a more effective anti-HIV therapy.

Dr. Mudit Tyagi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccines
  • human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  • microbicides
  • latency
  • virus–host interaction
  • infection and immunity
  • vaccinology
  • animal models

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2273 KiB  
Article
No Difference in the Prevalence of HIV-1 gag Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Escape Mutations in Viral Sequences from Early and Late Parts of the HIV-1 Subtype C Pandemic in Botswana
by Baitshepi Mokaleng, Wonderful Tatenda Choga, Ontlametse Thato Bareng, Dorcas Maruapula, Doreen Ditshwanelo, Nametso Kelentse, Patrick Mokgethi, Natasha Onalenna Moraka, Modisa Sekhamo Motswaledi, Leabaneng Tawe, Catherine Kegakilwe Koofhethile, Sikhulile Moyo, Matshediso Zachariah and Simani Gaseitsiwe
Vaccines 2023, 11(5), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11051000 - 19 May 2023
Viewed by 1359
Abstract
HIV is known to accumulate escape mutations in the gag gene in response to the immune response from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). These mutations can occur within an individual as well as at a population level. The population of Botswana exhibits a high [...] Read more.
HIV is known to accumulate escape mutations in the gag gene in response to the immune response from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). These mutations can occur within an individual as well as at a population level. The population of Botswana exhibits a high prevalence of HLA*B57 and HLA*B58, which are associated with effective immune control of HIV. In this retrospective cross-sectional investigation, HIV-1 gag gene sequences were analyzed from recently infected participants across two time periods which were 10 years apart: the early time point (ETP) and late time point (LTP). The prevalence of CTL escape mutations was relatively similar between the two time points—ETP (10.6%) and LTP (9.7%). The P17 protein had the most mutations (9.4%) out of the 36 mutations that were identified. Three mutations (A83T, K18R, Y79H) in P17 and T190A in P24 were unique to the ETP sequences at a prevalence of 2.4%, 4.9%, 7.3%, and 5%, respectively. Mutations unique to the LTP sequences were all in the P24 protein, including T190V (3%), E177D (6%), R264K (3%), G248D (1%), and M228L (11%). Mutation K331R was statistically higher in the ETP (10%) compared to the LTP (1%) sequences (p < 0.01), while H219Q was higher in the LTP (21%) compared to the ETP (5%) (p < 0.01). Phylogenetically, the gag sequences clustered dependently on the time points. We observed a slower adaptation of HIV-1C to CTL immune pressure at a population level in Botswana. These insights into the genetic diversity and sequence clustering of HIV-1C can aid in the design of future vaccine strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Pathogenesis, Vaccine, and Eradication Strategies: Second Edition)
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14 pages, 2530 KiB  
Article
Needle-Free Devices and CpG-Adjuvanted DNA Improve Anti-HIV Antibody Responses of Both DNA and Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Vectored Candidate Vaccines
by Rosamund Chapman, Michiel van Diepen, Nicola Douglass, Tandile Hermanus, Penny L. Moore and Anna-Lise Williamson
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020376 - 07 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1516
Abstract
The combination of mosaic Gag and CAP256 envelope in an HIV vaccine regimen comprising DNA prime and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost followed by protein boost has previously been shown to generate robust autologous Tier 2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in rabbits. Further refinements [...] Read more.
The combination of mosaic Gag and CAP256 envelope in an HIV vaccine regimen comprising DNA prime and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost followed by protein boost has previously been shown to generate robust autologous Tier 2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in rabbits. Further refinements of this strategy have been investigated to improve antibody responses. The delivery of both DNA and recombinant MVA vaccines with a needle-free device was compared to delivery by injection, and the effect of formulating the DNA vaccine with adjuvant CpG ODN 1826 was determined. The Pharmajet Stratis® needle-free injection device (PharmaJet, Golden, CO, USA) improved binding antibody responses to the DNA vaccine as well as both binding and neutralizing antibody responses to the MVA vaccines. Formulation of the DNA vaccines with CpG adjuvant further improved the antibody responses. A shortened vaccination regimen of a single DNA inoculation followed by a single MVA inoculation did not elicit Tier 1B nor Tier 2 neutralization responses as produced by the two DNA, followed by two MVA vaccination regimen. This study showed the immunogenicity of HIV DNA and MVA vaccines administered in a DDMM regimen could be improved using the PharmaJet Stratis needle-free injection device and formulation of the DNA vaccines with CpG adjuvant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Pathogenesis, Vaccine, and Eradication Strategies: Second Edition)
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