Sustainable Electric Power Systems Research
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Editor
Prof. Dr. Tomonobu Senjyu
Prof. Dr. Tomonobu Senjyu
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
Interests: high-efficiency energy conversion system; renewable energy in small islands; optimization of power system operation and control
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Topical Collection Information
Dear Colleagues,
Renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaic and wind power systems, are being introduced into power systems. The systems do not emit CO2 for generation, and system costs have been going down rapidly in recent years. Generated power depends on weather conditions, such as solar insolation and wind speed. The fluctuating generated power influences power systems; the voltage and frequency of the power systems can be changed suddenly; therefore, the power quality in power systems is strongly deteriorated. The control strategies and operation methods for power systems should be optimized in power systems with a high penetration of renewable systems. Moreover, high-power switching devices are now being developed, which can provide high-power electronic equipment for power systems. The power quality will increase with the use of power converters and inverters. This is another hot research topic in power engineer communities. This collection of Sustainability will present novel challenges for power system analysis, control, and optimization, including renewable energy and distributed generators in power systems.
Prof. Dr. Tomonobu Senjyu
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- Renewable energy
- Photovoltaic systems
- Wind energy conversion systems
- Power system analysis, control, and optimization
- Distribution systems
- Voltage and frequency control in power systems
- Reliability for power supply
- Demand side management and demand response
- High voltage direct current (HVDC) systems
- Remote-area power systems
- Distributed generators
Published Papers (21 papers)
Open AccessArticle
Effect of Sputtering Pressure on the Nanostructure and Residual Stress of Thin-Film YSZ Electrolyte
by
Yue Teng, Ho Yeon Lee, Haesu Lee and Yoon Ho Lee
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1726
Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells are energy conversion devices that contribute to carbon neutrality, with the advantages of high efficiency, clean emissions production, and distributed power generation. However, the high operating temperature of the solid oxide fuel cells causes system stability and material selection
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Solid oxide fuel cells are energy conversion devices that contribute to carbon neutrality, with the advantages of high efficiency, clean emissions production, and distributed power generation. However, the high operating temperature of the solid oxide fuel cells causes system stability and material selection problems. In this study, we aimed to lower the operating temperature of a solid oxide fuel cell by reducing the thickness of the electrolyte via sputtering. The deposition process was conducted under various pressure conditions to find the optimal sputtering process for a gas-tight YSZ thin-film electrolyte. The gas-tightness of the YSZ electrolytes was evaluated by observing the nanostructure and cell performance. As a result, the YSZ thin-film deposited at 3 mTorr showed the best gas-tightness and cell performance. At 500 °C, 1.043 V of OCV and a maximum power density of 1593 mW/cm
2 were observed. Then, X-ray diffraction was used to calculate the residual stress of the YSZ films. As a result, it was confirmed that the gas-tight film showed compressive residual stress. Through this study, we were successful in developing a room-temperature YSZ electrolyte fabrication process with excellent gas-tightness and performance. It was also proven that there is a strong relationship between the gas-tightness and residual stress. This study is expected to contribute to cost reductions and the mass production of solid oxide fuel cells.
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Open AccessArticle
Rebound Effect of China’s Electric Power Demand in the Context of Technological Innovation
by
Yan Lu, Xu Yang, Yixiang Ma and Lean Yu
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1211
Abstract
Technological innovations in the power industry can help reduce electricity consumption but may also have a negative result due to rebound effects. Estimation and refinement of electricity demand rebound effects are important for assessing the impact of technological innovations. For this purpose, this
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Technological innovations in the power industry can help reduce electricity consumption but may also have a negative result due to rebound effects. Estimation and refinement of electricity demand rebound effects are important for assessing the impact of technological innovations. For this purpose, this paper first constructs a Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to measure the structural and technical effects. Secondly, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)–Malmquist Productivity Index is used to calculate the change in the generalized rate of technological progress, narrow rate of technological progress, and technical use efficiency. Thirdly, the electric power demand rebound effect during the New Normal period is calculated to compare with the rebound effect of the overall energy. Finally, a vector auto-regressive (VAR) model and an impulse response function (IRF) are used to investigate the impact degree of electric power demand changes on other energy demand under the “electrical energy substitution” strategy. The empirical results indicate that the general technological progress rate of China’s electric power industry is increasing gradually in the New Normal period, and the variations in electric demand exhibit the characteristics of the backfire effect and partial rebound effect, respectively, in the context of generalized technological innovation and narrow technological innovation. Meanwhile, contrary to the changing trend of the overall energy demand intensity, electric power demand intensity increased continuously with the advancement of the “electrical energy substitution” strategy, which led to a continuous decline in other energy demands.
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Open AccessArticle
Stochastic Optimization Method for Energy Storage System Configuration Considering Self-Regulation of the State of Charge
by
Delong Zhang, Yiyi Ma, Jinxin Liu, Siyu Jiang, Yongcong Chen, Longze Wang, Yan Zhang and Meicheng Li
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation has developed rapidly in recent years. Owing to its volatility and intermittency, PV power generation has an impact on the power quality and operation of the power system. To mitigate the impact caused by the PV generation, an energy
[...] Read more.
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation has developed rapidly in recent years. Owing to its volatility and intermittency, PV power generation has an impact on the power quality and operation of the power system. To mitigate the impact caused by the PV generation, an energy storage (ES) system is applied to the PV plants. The capacity configuration and control strategy based on the stochastic optimization method have become an important research topic. However, the accuracy of the probability distribution model is insufficient and a stochastic optimization method is rarely used in a control strategy. In this paper, a stochastic optimization method for the energy storage system (ESS) configuration considering the self-regulation of the battery state of charge (SoC) is proposed. Firstly, to reduce the sampling error when typical scenarios of PV power are generated, a time-divided probability distribution model of the ultra-short-term predicted error of PV power is established. On this basis, to solve the problem that SoC reaches the threshold frequently, a self-regulation model of the SoC based on multiple scenarios is established, which can regulate the SoC according to rolling PV power prediction. A stochastic optimization configuration model of the energy storage system is constructed, which can reduce the impact of PV uncertainty on the configuration result. Finally, the proposed stochastic optimization method is validated. The fitting error of the time-divided probability distribution model is 15.61% lower than that of the t-distribution. The expected revenue of the optimal configuration in this paper is 8.86% higher than the scheme with a fixed probability distribution model, and 16.87% higher than without considering the stochastic optimization method.
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Open AccessArticle
Applicable Smart City Strategies to Ensure Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Integration in Poor Cities: Kabul Case Study
by
Najib Rahman Sabory, Tomonobu Senjyu, Mir Sayed Shah Danish, Ayaz Hosham, Ajmal Noorzada, Ahmad Shahpoor Amiri and Zabihullah Muhammdi
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3116
Abstract
A smart city is fundamentally intended to reduce the consumption of resources and optimize efficiencies. In almost any area, efficiency results in energy saving, reduced energy intensity, sustainable economic development, enhanced productivity, a protected environment, and most importantly, cooperation with the climate change
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A smart city is fundamentally intended to reduce the consumption of resources and optimize efficiencies. In almost any area, efficiency results in energy saving, reduced energy intensity, sustainable economic development, enhanced productivity, a protected environment, and most importantly, cooperation with the climate change battle. Although budget, technology, and the required infrastructure are major constraints for poor cities to achieve smart and sustainable city goals, the benefits of smart cities are multiple for poor cities compared to developing and developed cities. Poor cities achieve improved living environments, security, safety, economic development, governance, and quality of life in addition to achieving sustainable energy goals, and this study seeks to identify those smart renewable energy and energy efficiency strategies that are economically feasible and technically applicable in poor cities. The findings of this research would help poor and low-income, developing cities take the initial steps towards becoming smart cities by applying smart, innovative, and economically feasible sustainable energy projects and initiatives. As a result, these cities will be able to enhance their environment, economy, and employment by transitioning to smart ones.
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Open AccessArticle
Analysis of Hybrid Grid-Connected Renewable Power Generation for Sustainable Electricity Supply in Sierra Leone
by
Foday Conteh, Hiroshi Takahashi, Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida, Narayanan Krishnan, Alexey Mikhaylov and Tomonobu Senjyu
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2601
Abstract
The provision of electricity in a reliable and sustainable manner in provincial towns and villages in the small West Africa state of Sierra Leone requires the adoption of appropriate technologies. The rapid increase in electricity demand has generated great interest in how to
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The provision of electricity in a reliable and sustainable manner in provincial towns and villages in the small West Africa state of Sierra Leone requires the adoption of appropriate technologies. The rapid increase in electricity demand has generated great interest in how to tackle a possible long-lasting energy deficiency in the country. This paper aims at analyzing the techno-economic feasibility of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for the sustainable rural electrification of Lungi Town, Port Loko District, Sierra Leone. Optimization, economic, reliability, and sustainability analyses were carried out using a genetic algorithm (GA), with the main objectives of minimizing the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and cost of energy (COE). Three different case scenarios were configured, using a diesel generator (DG), wind/PV/DG/battery, and wind/PV/battery. Various combinations of these case scenarios were compared to determine which option was the most economically viable. In order to determine the case scenario with the lowest LPSP and COE, the operations and maintenance costs of the three cases were calculated. Using only DG for case one, the operations and maintenance cost amounted to USD 1050,348.12/year. The operation and maintenance cost for case two, which included wind/PV/DG/battery, was found to be USD 561,674.06/year. The operations and maintenance cost for case three, which included wind/PV/battery, was found to be USD 36,000/year. In standalone microgrids, however, the use of renewable energy sources is not reliable due to the uncertainty of renewable energy sources. Consequently, the simulation results show that the wind/PV/DG/battery-based HRES is the most cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable for the specific location in comparison to the current traditional method of electricity generation. Since there is abundant solar radiation with substantial wind speeds across the country, this HRES can be applied in most rural and remote areas in place of the current diesel generators (DGs) that are widely deployed in the country.
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Open AccessArticle
Numerical Study on Natural Ventilation Characteristics of a Partial-Cylinder Opening for One-Sided-Windcatcher of Variable Air-Feeding Orientations in Taif, Saudi Arabia
by
Ashraf Balabel, Mamdooh Alwetaishi, Wageeh A. El-Askary and Hamza Fawzy
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1712
Abstract
To provide a clean and cheap source of natural ventilation in windy and arid zones, a windcatcher facility is the best option. This paper aims to study the effect of the inlet opening angle of a new windcatcher model with different values ranging
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To provide a clean and cheap source of natural ventilation in windy and arid zones, a windcatcher facility is the best option. This paper aims to study the effect of the inlet opening angle of a new windcatcher model with different values ranging from 60° to 90° for three different feeding orientations at leading-down, central-up, and trailing-down locations. The ventilation performance of the new one-sided windcatcher is numerically examined using CFD simulations, where the 3D RANS and k-epsilon equations are applied at different wind speeds. The flow features of the new models are analyzed and compared with a basic traditional model based on the induced air distribution, aerodynamic losses, and ventilation rates. Results revealed that the sharp edge of the inlet opening leads to an increase in the flow separation and recirculation zone, especially when the opening angle is increased. The highest pressure coefficient is achieved by the trailing-down model compared with the other windcatcher models at an opening angle of 90°. The total pressure drop and ventilation rates increase in all the new windcatcher models due to the increase in the opening angle from 60° to 90°. At identical conditions, with an opening angle of 90° and wind speed of 5 m/s, the trailing-down model achieved a higher pressure coefficient than the leading-down and central-up models by 20.55% and 37.37%, respectively. Furthermore, the trailing-down model could provide higher ventilation rates than the central-up and leading-down models by 31% and 42%, respectively. Finally, the trailing-down windcatcher model can be recommended as the best choice to provide natural ventilation at Taif City in Saudi Arabia.
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Open AccessArticle
Study on the Optical Properties of the Point-Focus Fresnel System
by
Fei Shen and Weidong Huang
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1505
Abstract
The characteristic analysis of the flux formed by the heliostat in the optical system is the basis in design and optimization of the whole system. In this paper, our research subject is a pilot installation of the point-focus Fresnel system, which is a
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The characteristic analysis of the flux formed by the heliostat in the optical system is the basis in design and optimization of the whole system. In this paper, our research subject is a pilot installation of the point-focus Fresnel system, which is a new optical design between the tower system and the dish system. For the optical system, it is very important to accurately calculate the solar flux density distribution on the receiver plane. Aiming at the case that the focal length of the heliostat is not equal to the distance from the center of the heliostat to the center of the receiver plane, based on the projection, an approximate calculation method is proposed. Using the method to calculate the solar flux density distribution of the point-focus Fresnel system, and the results are compared with that calculated by SolTrace code, it is found that the solar flux density distribution of both is relatively consistent in shape and numerical value, which verifies the accuracy of the method and it can be used for design and optimization of the point-focus Fresnel system.
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Open AccessArticle
Evaluation and Selection of Integrated Energy System Construction Scheme Equipped with Smart Energy Management and Control Platform Using Single-Valued Neutrosophic Numbers
by
Junqing Wang, Wenhui Zhao, Lu Qiu and Puyu Yuan
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1627
Abstract
Since application of integrated energy systems (IESs) has formed a markedly increasing trend recently, selecting an appropriate integrated energy system construction scheme becomes essential to the energy supplier. This paper aims to develop a multi-criteria decision-making model for the evaluation and selection of
[...] Read more.
Since application of integrated energy systems (IESs) has formed a markedly increasing trend recently, selecting an appropriate integrated energy system construction scheme becomes essential to the energy supplier. This paper aims to develop a multi-criteria decision-making model for the evaluation and selection of an IES construction scheme equipped with smart energy management and control platform. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation criteria system including economy, energy, environment, technology and service is established. The evaluation criteria system is divided into quantitative criteria denoted by interval numbers and qualitative criteria. Secondly, single-valued neutrosophic numbers are adopted to denote the qualitative criteria in the evaluation criteria system. Thirdly, in order to accommodate mixed data types consisting of both interval numbers and single-valued neutrosophic numbers, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) method is extended into a three-stage technique by introducing a fusion coefficient
μ. Then, a real case in China is evaluated through applying the proposed method. Furthermore, a comprehensive discussion is made to analyze the evaluation result and verify the reliability and stability of the method. In short, this study provides a useful tool for the energy supplier to evaluate and select a preferred IES construction scheme.
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Open AccessArticle
Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System for Combined Aquaponics on Drylands
by
Bateer Baiyin, Kotaro Tagawa and Joaquin Gutierrez
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3523
Abstract
An open-field cultivation combined-type aquaponic system (OCAS) was developed to effectively utilize saline groundwater and prevent soil salinization while ensuring food production in drylands. To achieve the sustainable food production of the OCAS in power-scarce areas, a stand-alone photovoltaic system (PVS) for the
[...] Read more.
An open-field cultivation combined-type aquaponic system (OCAS) was developed to effectively utilize saline groundwater and prevent soil salinization while ensuring food production in drylands. To achieve the sustainable food production of the OCAS in power-scarce areas, a stand-alone photovoltaic system (PVS) for the OCAS was designed through a feasibility study of utilizing solar energy to meet its power demand. As a case study, the OCAS was established in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, with power consumption 22.72 kWh/day and annual average daily global horizontal irradiation (GHI) 6.12 kWh/m
2/day, considering the 2017 meteorological data. HOMER software was employed for performance analysis and techno-economic evaluation of an appropriate PVS. Thousands PVS configurations were evaluated in terms of total net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (COE). The PVS that fulfilled the power demand and had the smallest NPC was proposed, for which the NPC and COE were calculated as $46,993 and $0.438/kWh, respectively. The relationship between its annual power supply and power demand of the OCAS was also analyzed in detail. It was found that the operation hours and the amount of power generation by the proposed PVS were 4156 h and 19,106 kWh in one year. Additionally, it was predicted that the excess power would occur almost every afternoon and reach 43% of the generated power. Therefore, the COE can be further reduced by rationally utilizing the excess power during operation.
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Open AccessArticle
A Resonant Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker for Multi-Terminal HVDC Systems
by
Ryo Miyara, Akito Nakadomari, Hidehito Matayoshi, Hiroshi Takahashi, Ashraf M. Hemeida and Tomonobu Senjyu
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2691
Abstract
High-voltage direct current (DC) transmission systems and multi-terminal direct current transmission systems are attracting attention for expanding the grid to promote introduction of renewable energy. Fault clearing in DC systems is difficult because there is no zero point of current. Hybrid circuit breakers
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High-voltage direct current (DC) transmission systems and multi-terminal direct current transmission systems are attracting attention for expanding the grid to promote introduction of renewable energy. Fault clearing in DC systems is difficult because there is no zero point of current. Hybrid circuit breakers are suitable for fault clearing in DC systems. Conventional hybrid circuit breakers have a hard-switching path that damages the switch. Hard switching damages the device and produces emissions due to harmonic noise. A novel resonant hybrid DC circuit breaker is proposed in this paper. The proposed circuit breaker reduces the damage to the switching device using soft switching due to the current zero point. The proposed circuit breaker is compared with conventional hybrid circuit breakers using numerical simulations. Interruption times and switching types of circuit breakers were compared. The simulation results of the fault clearing characteristics of the proposed breakers show that the proposed breakers have sufficient performance and are capable of stable reconnections in multi-terminal direct current transmission systems.
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Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle
Multi-Criteria Method for Sustainable Design of Energy Conversion Systems
by
Kathleen Mallard, Vincent Debusschere and Lauric Garbuio
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1946
Abstract
Energy production systems for isolated communities lacking national energy grids are, in many countries, associated with first energy access of rural or developing regions. Those communities require innovative design methods to select relevant solutions for sustainable developments in a context of continuously strengthening
[...] Read more.
Energy production systems for isolated communities lacking national energy grids are, in many countries, associated with first energy access of rural or developing regions. Those communities require innovative design methods to select relevant solutions for sustainable developments in a context of continuously strengthening climate change conditions. The design of an innovative solution goes through multiple stages. After identifying opportunities, analyzing a context and identifying a problem, we are interested here in the process of imagining solutions and guiding reflections so that the resulting solutions are sustainable. Sustainability is analyzed from technical, economic, environmental and social angles. The two main visions for imagining solutions, the value proposition and the technical solution, are discussed. We are then developing a multi-criteria method of sustainable design to imagine the technical solution of an electricity production system in a context of first access to energy for isolated communities. This method serves as decision and discussion support between all stakeholders (community, decision makers, project managers) so that they collectively build a sustainable solution. As the exchanges progress, criteria from different fields meet and complement each other to allow the development of the specifications for the energy production solution which will be ultimately developed.
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Open AccessArticle
Analysis of Techno-Economic-Environmental Suitability of an Isolated Microgrid System Located in a Remote Island of Bangladesh
by
Hasan Masrur, Harun Or Rashid Howlader, Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy, Kaisar R. Khan, Josep M. Guerrero and Tomonobu Senjyu
Cited by 60 | Viewed by 5022
Abstract
Following a rise in population, load demand is increasing even in the remote areas and islands of Bangladesh. Being an island that is also far from the mainland of Bangladesh, St. Martin’s is in need of electricity. As it has ample renewable energy
[...] Read more.
Following a rise in population, load demand is increasing even in the remote areas and islands of Bangladesh. Being an island that is also far from the mainland of Bangladesh, St. Martin’s is in need of electricity. As it has ample renewable energy resources, a renewable energy-based microgrid system seems to be the ultimate solution, considering the ever-increasing price of diesel fuel. This study proposes a microgrid system and tests its technical and economic feasibility in that area. All possible configurations have been simulated to try and find the optimal system for the island, which would be eco-friendly and economical with and without considering renewable energy options. The existing power supply configuration has also been compared to the best system after analyzing and investigating all technical and economic feasibility. Sensitivity and risk analysis between different cases provide added value to this study. The results show that the current diesel-based system is not viable for the island’s people, but rather a heavy burden to them due to the high cost of per unit electricity and the net present cost. In contrast, a PV /Wind/Diesel/Battery hybrid microgrid appeared to be the most feasible system. The proposed system is found to be around 1.5 times and 28% inexpensive considering the net present cost and cost of energy, respectively, with a high (56%) share of renewable energy which reduces 23% carbon dioxide.
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Open AccessArticle
Power Demand Forecasting using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Deep-Learning Model for Monitoring Energy Sustainability
by
Eunjeong Choi, Soohwan Cho and Dong Keun Kim
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 4166
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to design a novel custom power demand forecasting algorithm based on the LSTM Deep-Learning method regarding the recent power demand patterns. We performed tests to verify the error rates of the forecasting module, and to confirm the
[...] Read more.
The purpose of this study is to design a novel custom power demand forecasting algorithm based on the LSTM Deep-Learning method regarding the recent power demand patterns. We performed tests to verify the error rates of the forecasting module, and to confirm the sudden change of power patterns in the actual power demand monitoring system.
We collected the power usage data in every five-minute resolution in a day from some groups of the residential, public offices, hospitals, and industrial factories buildings in one year. In order to grasp the external factors and to predict the power demand of each facility, a comparative experiment was conducted in three ways; short-term, long-term, seasonal forecasting exp[eriments. The seasonal patterns of power demand usages were analyzed regarding the residential building. The overall error rates of power demand forecasting using the proposed LSTM module were reduced in terms of each facility. The predicted power demand data shows a certain pattern according to each facility. Especially, the forecasting difference of the residential seasonal forecasting pattern in summer and winter was very different from other seasons. It is possible to reduce unnecessary demand management costs by the designed accurate forecasting method.
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Open AccessArticle
ANN for Assessment of Energy Consumption of 4 kW PV Modules over a Year Considering the Impacts of Temperature and Irradiance
by
Adel Alblawi, M. H. Elkholy and M. Talaat
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4342
Abstract
Solar energy is considered the greatest source of renewable energy. In this paper, a case study was performed for a single-axis solar tracking model to analyze the performance of the solar panels in an office building under varying ambient temperatures and solar radiation
[...] Read more.
Solar energy is considered the greatest source of renewable energy. In this paper, a case study was performed for a single-axis solar tracking model to analyze the performance of the solar panels in an office building under varying ambient temperatures and solar radiation over the course of one year (2018). This case study was performed in an office building at the College of Engineering at Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. The office building was supplied with electricity for a full year by the designed solar energy system. The study was conducted across the four seasons of the studied year to analyze the performance of a group of solar panels with the total capacity of a 4 kW DC system. The solar radiation, temperature, output DC power, and consumed AC power of the system were measured using wireless sensor networks (for temperature and irradiance measurement) and a signal acquisition system for each hour throughout the whole day. A single-axis solar tracker was designed for each panel (16 solar panels were used) using two light-dependent resistors (LDR) as detecting light sensors, one servo motor, an Arduino Uno, and a 250 W solar panel installed with an array tilt angle of 21°. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to estimate energy consumption, according to the dataset of AC load power consumption for each month and the measurement values of the temperature and irradiance. The relative error between the measured and estimated energy was calculated in order to assess the accuracy of the proposed ANN model and update the weights of the training network. The maximum absolute relative error of the proposed system did not exceed 2 × 10
−4. After assessment of the proposed model, the ANN results showed that the average energy in the region of the case study from a 4 kW DC solar system for one year, considering environmental impact, was around 8431 kWh/year.
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Open AccessReview
Bibliometric Analysis of the Mass Transport in a Gas Diffusion Layer in PEM Fuel Cells
by
Blandy Pamplona Solis, Julio César Cruz Argüello, Leopoldo Gómez Barba, Mayra Polett Gurrola, Zakaryaa Zarhri and Danna Lizeth TrejoArroyo
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3887
Abstract
The growth trend of publications in the field of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) was analyzed using bibliometric techniques to the identification of the areas with significant development and the orientations that have guided the research on energy cells. This study extracted
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The growth trend of publications in the field of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) was analyzed using bibliometric techniques to the identification of the areas with significant development and the orientations that have guided the research on energy cells. This study extracted the data from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases to compare the bibliometric indicators of the published productions. In spite of bibliometric analysis advantages to knowing about the trends in a study area, this research requires methods to support the investigation process through the selection of a relevant bibliographic portfolio. This study applied the Methodi Ordinatio that provides a new approach to achieve it. A proposed list of the articles ranked by InOrdinatio is presented to compose the final portfolio. The obtained results in the research sub-theme of the Mass Transport in Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) confirm the complexity in the study area by presenting erratic patterns of exponential growth. United States, China, and Japan are the leading countries on PEMFC publications. These countries have in common a strong spending by the business sector for R&D, and their gross domestic product is greater than 2%.
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Open AccessArticle
Efficient Energy-Management System Using A Hybrid Transactive-Model Predictive Control Mechanism for Prosumer-Centric Networked Microgrids
by
Eric Galvan, Paras Mandal, Shantanu Chakraborty and Tomonobu Senjyu
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2603
Abstract
With the development of distributed energy resources (DERs) and advancements in technology, microgrids (MGs) appear primed to become an even more integral part of the future distribution grid. In order to transition to the smart grid of the future, MGs must be properly
[...] Read more.
With the development of distributed energy resources (DERs) and advancements in technology, microgrids (MGs) appear primed to become an even more integral part of the future distribution grid. In order to transition to the smart grid of the future, MGs must be properly managed and controlled. This paper proposes a microgrid energy management system (MGEMS) based on a hybrid control algorithm that combines Transactive Control (TC) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) for an efficient management of DERs in prosumer-centric networked MGs. A locally installed home energy management system (HEMS) determines a charge schedule for the battery electric vehicle (BEV) and a charge–discharge schedule for the solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) to reduce residential customers’ operation cost and to improve their overall savings. The proposed networked MGEMS strategy was implemented in IEEE 33-bus test system and evaluated under different BEV and PV-BESS penetration scenarios to study the potential impact that large amounts of BEV and PV-BESS systems can have on the distribution system and how different pricing mechanisms can mitigate these impacts. Test results indicate that our proposed MGEMS strategy shows potential to reduce peak load and power losses as well as to enhance customers’ savings.
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Open AccessArticle
Stochastic Unit Commitment and Optimal Power Trading Incorporating PV Uncertainty
by
Mohammad Masih Sediqi, Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy, Abdul Matin Ibrahimi, Tomonobu Senjyu and Narayanan. K
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3186
Abstract
This paper focuses on the optimal unit commitment (UC) scheme along with optimal power trading for the Northeast Power System (NEPS) of Afghanistan with a penetration of 230 MW of PV power energy. The NEPS is the biggest power system of Afghanistan fed
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This paper focuses on the optimal unit commitment (UC) scheme along with optimal power trading for the Northeast Power System (NEPS) of Afghanistan with a penetration of 230 MW of PV power energy. The NEPS is the biggest power system of Afghanistan fed from three main sources; 1. Afghanistan’s own power generation units (three thermal units and three hydro units); 2. imported power from Tajikistan; 3. imported power from Uzbekistan. PV power forecasting fluctuations have been handled by means of 50 scenarios generated by Latin-hypercube sampling (LHS) after getting the point solar radiation forecast through the neural network (NN) toolbox. To carry out the analysis, we consider three deterministic UC and two stochastic UC cases with a two-stage programming model that indicates the day-ahead UC as the first stage and the intra-day operation of the system as the second stage. A binary-real genetic algorithm is coded in MATLAB software to optimize the proposed cases in terms of thermal units’ operation costs, import power tariffs, as well as from the perspective of the system reliability risks expressed as the reserve and load not served costs. The results indicate that in the deterministic UC models, the risk of reserve and load curtailment does exist. The stochastic UC approaches including the optimal power trading are superior to the deterministic ones. Moreover, the scheduled UC costs and reserves are different from the actual ones.
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Open AccessArticle
Optimum Capacity and Placement of Storage Batteries Considering Photovoltaics
by
Hiroki Aoyagi, Ryota Isomura, Paras Mandal, Narayanan Krishna, Tomonobu Senjyu and Hiroshi Takahashi
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2985
Abstract
In recent years, due to the enforcement of the Feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme for renewable energy, a large number of photovoltaic (PV) has been introduced, which causes fluctuations in the supply-demand balance of a power system. As measures against this, the introduction of
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In recent years, due to the enforcement of the Feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme for renewable energy, a large number of photovoltaic (PV) has been introduced, which causes fluctuations in the supply-demand balance of a power system. As measures against this, the introduction of large capacity storage batteries and demand response has been carried out, and the balance between supply and demand has been adjusted. However, since the increase in capacity of the storage battery is expensive, it is necessary to optimize the capacity of the storage battery from an economic point of view. Therefore, in the power system to which a large amount of photovoltaic power generation has been introduced, the optimal capacity and optimal arrangement of storage batteries are examined. In this paper, the determination of storage battery placement and capacity considering one year is performed by three-step simulation based on probability density function. Simulations show the effectiveness of storage batteries by considering the introduction of demand response and comparing with multiple cases.
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Research on China’s Power Sustainable Transition Under Progressively Levelized Power Generation Cost Based on a Dynamic Integrated Generation–Transmission Planning Model
by
He Huang, DaPeng Liang, Liang Liang and Zhen Tong
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3127
Abstract
The government of China has introduced a series of energy-saving and emission reduction policies and energy industry development plans to promote the low-carbon development of the power sector. Under relatively clear and specific low-carbon development goals, the ongoing power transition has recently been
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The government of China has introduced a series of energy-saving and emission reduction policies and energy industry development plans to promote the low-carbon development of the power sector. Under relatively clear and specific low-carbon development goals, the ongoing power transition has recently been studied intensively in the frame of global sustainable transition. With the development of renewable technologies, besides the long-term development goals, learning and diffusion of innovative technologies and the incentive effect of supportive policies are also important driving forces of the transition. The levelized power generation cost is the power generation cost when the net present value of the power project is zero. In this paper, the levelized power generation cost model with a learning curve and policy scenario is used to reflect the impact of technology diffusion and incentive policies from the economy perspective. By treating it as a state transfer function, a dynamic power generation–transmission integrated planning model based on the Markov Decision Process is established to describe the long-term power transition pathway under the impact of power technology diffusion and incentive policies. Through the calculation of power demand forecasting data up to 2050 and other power system information, the dynamic planning result shows that the current low-carbon policies cannot obviously reduce the expansion of coal power, but if strict low-carbon policies are implemented, the renewable power will gradually become dominant in the power structure before 2030.
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Open AccessArticle
Estimating the Cost of Solar Generation Uncertainty and the Impact of Collocated Energy Storage: The Case of Korea
by
Wooyoung Jeon and Chul-Yong Lee
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3027
Abstract
As a major option for reducing greenhouse gas emission and sustainable development, renewable generation is rapidly expanding in the power sector. However, the variability and uncertainty of renewable generation undermine the reliability of the power system, requiring additional reserve capacities. This study estimates
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As a major option for reducing greenhouse gas emission and sustainable development, renewable generation is rapidly expanding in the power sector. However, the variability and uncertainty of renewable generation undermine the reliability of the power system, requiring additional reserve capacities. This study estimates the costs induced by additional reserve capacities to reduce the uncertainty of solar generation in the Korean power system and analyzes the effectiveness of the Energy Storage System (ESS) in reducing these costs, using the stochastic form of multi-period security-constraint optimal power flow. To determine the input of stochastic solar generation, an ARMAX model and Monte Carlo method are applied for representative solar farms. The results indicate solar power generation by 2029 would increase the required reserve by 56.2% over the current level but coupling a 10 GWh of lithium-ion ESS would reduce it by 61.1% compared to increased reserve level for 2029. The operating cost reduction (benefit) by ESS would be 80.8% higher in 2029 compared to the current level and cover 89.9% of its installation cost. The benefit of ESS will be improved when (1) offer prices of reserves correctly reflect the true opportunity cost of providing reserve services and (2) more variable renewable energies are deployed.
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Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle
Are Renewables as Friendly to Humans as to the Environment?: A Social Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Electricity
by
Shutaro Takeda, Alexander Ryota Keeley, Shigeki Sakurai, Shunsuke Managi and Catherine Benoît Norris
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 7082
Abstract
The adoption of renewable energy technologies in developing nations is recognized to have positive environmental impacts; however, what are their effects on the electricity supply chain workers? This article provides a quantitative analysis on this question through a relatively new framework called social
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The adoption of renewable energy technologies in developing nations is recognized to have positive environmental impacts; however, what are their effects on the electricity supply chain workers? This article provides a quantitative analysis on this question through a relatively new framework called social life cycle assessment, taking Malaysia as a case example. Impact assessments by the authors show that electricity from renewables has greater adverse impacts on supply chain workers than the conventional electricity mix: Electricity production with biomass requires 127% longer labor hours per unit-electricity under the risk of human rights violations, while the solar photovoltaic requires 95% longer labor hours per unit-electricity. However, our assessment also indicates that renewables have less impacts per dollar-spent. In fact, the impact of solar photovoltaic would be 60% less than the conventional mix when it attains grid parity. The answer of “
are renewables as friendly to humans as to the environment?” is “
not-yet, but eventually.”
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