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Optical Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring II

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 7831

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Paulo Antunes

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Guest Editor

1. I3N & Physics Department of the Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
2. Instituto de Telecomunicações, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: optical fiber sensors; e-Health platforms; structural health monitoring; biosensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Humberto Varum

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Guest Editor

Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Interests: earthquake engineering; structural analysis and design; structural health monitoring; finite element modeling and analysis; building codes; nonlinear analysis; construction engineering; structural optimization; building materials; construction materials; protection of cultural heritage; structural engineering; seismic design; cultural studies; conservation and restoration of cultural heritage; structural reliability; civil engineering materials adobe; nondestructive testing; sustainable construction; civil engineering technology; construction technology; life-cycle assessment; reinforced concrete buildings; masonry buildings
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The evolution and need for the preservation and maintenance of existing structures, recent or historical, has fostered research in the area of structural monitoring and translated into the development of new techniques, equipment and sensors. The early detection of damage and the accurate assessment of structural safety require monitoring systems, the data of which can be used to calibrate numerical models for structural analysis, and to assess their safety. Data are obtained under real-time conditions, considering a group of parameters related to structural properties such as stresses, accelerations, deformations and displacements. The analysis of structural properties is particularly relevant when the structure is subjected to extreme events (earthquakes, wind, fire, explosions, among others) or by repeated loads (road/rail/air traffic, vibrations induced by equipment and machines), since they affect the structural integrity and put users at risk. In order to prevent the severe damage and eventual collapse of the structures, as well as the consequent human, material and economic losses, monitoring systems become valuable tools for today's society.

Structure monitoring is becoming increasingly important, not only for preventive actions, but also because of economic and sustainability concerns; it can help to ensure a safer and more comfortable built environment. Identifying structural damage and monitoring its evolution requires the development of sensing and structural monitoring techniques. Among these detection technologies are optical sensors, which have advantages such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, reduced size and mass and minimal aesthetic invasion.

Following the success of our Sensors Special Issue on “Optical Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring”, we would like to once again invite our colleagues from across the world to contribute their expertise, insights and findings in the form of original research articles and reviews to the current Special Issue, entitled “Optical Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring II”. This Special Issue will continue to focus on the current state-of-the-art of optical sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM), covering recent technological improvements in new devices/sensors and emerging applications. The Guest Editors intend to provide an overview of the present status and future perspectives of the aforementioned topics in this Special Issue.

The manuscripts should cover topics including, but not limited to, the following:

Physical, chemical, and environmental optical sensors for SHM;
Interferometric and polarimetric sensors;
Nano- and micro-structured fiber sensors, including fiber gratings and photonic crystal fibers;
Multiplexing and sensor networking;
Distributed sensing;
Advances in interrogation techniques for optical sensing;
Smart structures and sensors;
Bragg gratings, Fabry–Perot cavities, and plasmonic and Mach–Zehnder interferometers;
SHM case studies using optical technologies;
Low-cost, miniaturized, and selective and multiparameter optical devices;
Energy-efficient SHM integrated platforms;
Big data analysis for SHM;
SHM advanced signal processing techniques.

Dr. Paulo Antunes
Prof. Dr. Humberto Varum
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 6296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improved 3D Pavement Texture Reconstruction Method Based on Interference Fringe via Optimizing the Post-Processing Method

by Chu Chu, Ya Wei and Haipeng Wang

Sensors 2023, 23(10), 4660; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104660 - 11 May 2023

Viewed by 1117

Abstract

The surface quality of pavement has a significant influence on the driving comfort and the skid resistance performance of roads. The 3D pavement texture measurement provides the basis for engineers to calculate the pavement performance index, such as the international roughness index (IRI), the texture depth (TD), and the rutting depth index (RDI), of different types of pavements. The interference-fringe-based texture measurement is widely used because of its high accuracy and high resolution, by which the 3D texture measurement has excellent accuracy in measuring the texture of workpieces with a diameter of <30 mm. When measuring the engineering products with a larger area (or larger areas), such as pavement surfaces, however, the accuracy is deficient because unequal incident angles due to the beam-divergence angle of the laser beam are ignored during the postprocessing of the measured data. This study aims to improve the accuracy of 3D pavement texture reconstruction based on the interference fringe (3D-PTRIF) by considering the influence of the unequal incident angles during postprocessing. It is found that the improved 3D-PTRIF has better accuracy than the traditional 3D-PTRIF, reducing the reconstruction errors between the measured value and the standard value by

74.51 %

. In addition, it solves the problem of a reconstructed slant surface, which deviates from the horizontal plane of the original surface. Compared to the traditional post-processing method, for the case of smooth surface, the slope can be decreased by

69.00 %

; for the case of coarse surface, the slope can be decreased by

15.29 %

. The results of this study will facilitate accurate quantifying of the pavement performance index by using the interference fringe technique, such as IRI, TD, and RDI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring II)

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12 pages, 37140 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Reinforcing Bar Slippage Detection and Bond-Slip Gradient Characterization

by Luis Pereira, Esequiel Mesquita, Nélia Alberto, José Melo, Carlos Marques, Paulo Antunes, Paulo S. André and Humberto Varum

Sensors 2022, 22(22), 8866; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228866 - 16 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1339

Abstract

The detection of bond-slip between the reinforcing bar (RB) and concrete is of great importance to ensure the safety of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The techniques to monitor the connection between the RB and concrete are in constant development, with special focus on the ones with straightforward operation and simple non-intrusive implementation. In this work, a simple configuration is developed using 10 optical fiber sensors, allowing different sections of the same RC structure to be monitored. Since the RB may suffer different strains along its length, the location of the sensors is critical to provide an early warning about any displacement. Bragg gratings were inscribed in both silica and polymer optical fibers and these devices worked as displacement sensors by monitoring the strain variations on the fibers. The results showed that these sensors can be easily implemented in a civil construction environment, and due to the small dimensions, they can be a non-intrusive technique when multiple sensors are implemented in the same RC structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring II)

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17 pages, 7177 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research and Application of Multi-Mode Joint Monitoring System for Shaft Wall Deformation

by Xinqiu Fang, Fan Zhang, Zongshen Shi, Minfu Liang and Yang Song

Sensors 2022, 22(17), 6551; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176551 - 30 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1539

Abstract

The mine shaft is an important channel linking the underground with the surface, undertaking important functions such as personnel and material transportation and ventilation. Thus the shaft, known as the throat of the mine, is the production hub of the whole mine. Since 1980, damage to coal mine shafts has occurred in many areas of China, which has seriously impacted the safety of mine production. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the shaft wall condition is necessary. However, the traditional monitoring method cannot achieve long-term, continuous and stable monitoring of the shaft wall due to the harsh production environment downhole. Hence, a multi-mode joint sensing system for shaft wall deformation and damage is proposed, which is mainly based on FBG sensing and supplemented by vibrating-string sensing. The principle of FBG sensing is that when the external environment such as temperature, pressure and strain changes, the characteristics of light transmission in the FBG such as wavelength, phase and amplitude will also change accordingly. Using the linear relationship between the strain and the wavelength shift of the FBG, the strain of the measured structure is obtained by calculation. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic situations of the mine and analyzes the causes shaft damage. Then the vertical and circumferential theoretical values at different shaft depths are derived in combination with the corresponding force characteristics. Moreover, a four-layer strain transfer structure model of the shaft consisting of the fiber, the protective layer, the bonding layer and the borehole wall is established, which leads to the derivation of the strain transfer relational expression for the surface-mounted FBG sensing on the shaft wall. The strain-sensing transfer law and the factors influencing the strain-sensing transfer of the surface-mounted FBG on the shaft wall are analyzed. The order of key factors influencing the strain-sensing transfer is obtained by numerical simulation: the radius of the protective layer, the length of the FBG paste, and the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer. The packaging parameters with the best strain-sensing transfer of the surface-mounted FBG on the shaft wall are determined. A total of six horizontal level monitoring stations are arranged in a coal mine auxiliary shaft. Through the comprehensive analysis of the sensing data of the two sensors, the results show that the average shaft wall strain–transfer efficiency measured by the FBG sensor reaches 94.02%. The relative average error with the theoretical derivation of shaft wall transfer efficiency (98.6%) is 4.65%, which verifies the strain transfer effect of the surface-mounted FBG applied to the shaft wall. The shaft wall’s deformation monitoring system with FBG sensing as the main and vibrating-string sensing as the supplement is important to realize the early warning of well-wall deformation and further research of the shaft wall rupture mechanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring II)

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Review

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40 pages, 15664 KiB

Open AccessReview

Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Vision Sensing Technology for Structural Health Monitoring

by Haojie Wang, Jin-Kun Guo, Han Mo, Xikang Zhou and Yiping Han

Sensors 2023, 23(9), 4334; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094334 - 27 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3079

Abstract

Structural health monitoring is currently a crucial measure for the analysis of structural safety. As a structural asset management approach, it can provide a cost-effective measure and has been used successfully in a variety of structures. In recent years, the development of fiber optic sensing technology and vision sensing technology has led to further advances in structural health monitoring. This paper focuses on the basic principles, recent advances, and current status of applications of these two sensing technologies. It provides the reader with a broad review of the literature. It introduces the advantages, limitations, and future directions of these two sensing technologies. In addition, the main contribution of this paper is that the integration of fiber optic sensing technology and vision sensing technology is discussed. This paper demonstrates the feasibility and application potential of this integration by citing numerous examples. The conclusions show that this new integrated sensing technology can effectively utilize the advantages of both fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring II)

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