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Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s...
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Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 36558

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sheng Qiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agriculutral University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: weed biology and management; invasive alien plants; epigenetics in plant plasticity
Prof. Dr. Liwang Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: genetics and breeding of vegetable crops; applied genomics; germplasm enhancement and utilization; biotechnology of vegetable crops
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yiming Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: plant-microbe interactions; plant immunity, signal transduction; proteomics; apoplast
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yahua Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: plant–microbe interactions; bioremediation; phytoremediation; heavy metal contaminated soils; sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas); Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanjing Agricultural University is celebrating its 120th anniversary in 2022. The history of NAU can be traced back to its predecessors—the Sanjiang Normal School, a teacher training center in Nanjing founded in 1902, and the Faculty of Agriculture of Private University of Nanking, which was founded in 1914. Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU) is a national key institution of higher learning, directly affiliated to the Chinese Ministry of Education. Famously known for its established disciplines in agriculture and life sciences, NAU also offers balanced, comprehensive programs in diverse branches of learning, including sciences, economics, management, engineering, humanities, and law.  In the fourth round of China’s national assessment of disciplines, four of NAU’s first-level disciplines, including Crop Science, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Plant Protection, and Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management, were rated “A+”, while another three first-level disciplines—Public Administration, Food Science and Engineering, and Horticulture—were rated “A”.

In recognition of these achievements, Plants is planning a dedicated Special Issue entitled “Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary”. This Special Issue will publish high-quality full research articles or comprehensive literature reviews in the broad scope of plant sciences. We would like to invite you to contribute an original research paper or a comprehensive review article on a trendy or hot topic for peer review and possible publication.

Prof. Dr. Sheng Qiang
Prof. Dr. Liwang Liu
Prof. Dr. Yiming Wang
Prof. Dr. Yahua Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (23 papers)

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13 pages, 1784 KiB  
Communication
In Site Soil Seed-Banks: Size, Composition and Persistence across Tropical Successional Stages
by Julieta Benitez-Malvido
Plants 2023, 12(15), 2760; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12152760 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1159
Abstract
I investigated the size, composition and persistence of the seed-bank in primary forests, secondary forests and old-fields in southern Mexico. I also assessed the contribution of the seed-bank to regeneration relative to other propagule sources. In all habitats, I removed by hand all [...] Read more.
I investigated the size, composition and persistence of the seed-bank in primary forests, secondary forests and old-fields in southern Mexico. I also assessed the contribution of the seed-bank to regeneration relative to other propagule sources. In all habitats, I removed by hand all plants and litter and excluded the seed-rain. For one year, I counted the number of plant species (5–50 cm tall) emerged and grouped them into different growth-forms: trees, shrubs, palms, herbs, woody lianas, epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes. A total of 95 species emerged. The seed-bank size, composition and persistence showed strong variation among successional stages. Emergence was low for primary and secondary forests, but high for old-fields (19, 26, and 68 plants per m−2, respectively). Herbs were the most abundant in the seed-bank and palms the less. Time had a negative effect on seed-bank size in primary forests and old-fields; whereas for secondary forests size remained constant throughout the year. The number of emerged plants in different growth-forms changed significantly across time for all successional stages. Overall, the seed-bank provided a greater number of plants in old-fields relative to other propagule sources combined. The results showed that forest modification alters the input of propagules throughout the seed-bank for different plant growth-forms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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16 pages, 9819 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of CCO Gene Family in Liriodendron chinense
by Guoxia Xue, Lingfeng Hu, Liming Zhu, Ya Chen, Chen Qiu, Ruifang Fan, Xiaoxiao Ma, Zijian Cao, Jinhui Chen, Jisen Shi and Zhaodong Hao
Plants 2023, 12(10), 1975; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101975 - 14 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1879
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) is an enzyme that can catalyze carotenoids to volatile aromatic substances and participate in the biosynthesis of two important phytohormones, i.e., abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactone (SL). However, the genome-wide identification and analysis of the CCO gene family in [...] Read more.
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) is an enzyme that can catalyze carotenoids to volatile aromatic substances and participate in the biosynthesis of two important phytohormones, i.e., abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactone (SL). However, the genome-wide identification and analysis of the CCO gene family in the rare and endangered woody plant Liriodendron chinense has not been reported. Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the CCO gene family in the L. chinense genome and examined its expression pattern during different developmental processes and in response to various abiotic stresses. A total of 10 LcCCO genes were identified and divided into 6 subfamilies according to the phylogenetic analysis. Subcellular localization prediction showed that most of the LcCCO proteins were located in the cytoplasm. Gene replication analysis showed that segmental and tandem duplication contributed to the expansion of this gene family in the L. chinense genome. Cis-element prediction showed that cis-elements related to plant hormones, stress and light response were widely distributed in the promoter regions of LcCCO genes. Gene expression profile analysis showed that LcNCED3b was extensively involved in somatic embryogenesis, especially the somatic embryo maturation, as well as in response to heat and cold stress in leaves. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that LcNCED3b obviously responded to drought stress in roots and leaves. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the LcCCO gene family and a potential gene target for the optimization of the somatic embryogenesis system and resistance breeding in the valuable forest tree L. chinense. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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16 pages, 7028 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Donor Ages on the Growth of Cutting Seedlings Propagated from Ancient Platycladus orientalis
by Yao Dong, Wei Guo, Wenfa Xiao, Jianfeng Liu, Zirui Jia, Xiulian Zhao, Zeping Jiang and Ermei Chang
Plants 2023, 12(9), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091754 - 25 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1280
Abstract
The effects of tree age on the growth of cutting seedlings propagated from ancient trees have been an important issue in plant breeding and cultivation. In order to understand seedling growth and stress resistance stability, phenotypic measurements, physiological assays, and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing [...] Read more.
The effects of tree age on the growth of cutting seedlings propagated from ancient trees have been an important issue in plant breeding and cultivation. In order to understand seedling growth and stress resistance stability, phenotypic measurements, physiological assays, and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing were performed on sown seedlings propagated from 5-year-old donors and cutting seedlings propagated from 5-, 300-, and 700-year-old Platycladus orientalis donors. In this study, the growth of cutting seedlings propagated from ancient trees was significantly slower; the soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents gradually decreased with the increase in the age of donors, and the flavonoid and total phenolic contents of sown seedlings were higher than those of cutting seedlings. Enrichment analysis of differential genes showed that plant hormone signal transduction, the plant–pathogen interaction, and the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways were significantly up-regulated with the increasing age of cutting seedlings propagated from 300- and 700-year-old donors. A total of 104,764 differentially expressed genes were calculated using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and 8 gene modules were obtained. Further, 10 hub genes in the blue module were identified, which revealed that the expression levels of JAZ, FLS, RPM1/RPS3, CML, and RPS2 increased with the increase in tree age. The results demonstrated that the age of the donors seriously affected the growth of P. orientalis cutting seedlings and that cutting propagation can preserve the resistance of ancient trees. The results of this study provide important insights into the effects of age on asexually propagated seedlings, reveal potential molecular mechanisms, and contribute to an improvement in the level of breeding and conservation of ancient germplasm resources of P. orientalis trees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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16 pages, 4181 KiB  
Article
Uses, Botanical Characteristics, and Phenological Development of Slender Nightshade (Solanum nigrescens Mart. and Gal.)
by Sara Monzerrat Ramírez-Olvera and Manuel Sandoval-Villa
Plants 2023, 12(8), 1645; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081645 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1661
Abstract
Slender nightshade (Solanum nigrescens Mart. and Gal.) is a perennial, herbaceous plant from the Solanaceae family, which is distributed in various environments. The aim of this study was to review the scientific literature and to establish slender nightshade plants under greenhouse conditions [...] Read more.
Slender nightshade (Solanum nigrescens Mart. and Gal.) is a perennial, herbaceous plant from the Solanaceae family, which is distributed in various environments. The aim of this study was to review the scientific literature and to establish slender nightshade plants under greenhouse conditions in order to record their phenological development. The specialized literature regarding the distribution, botanical characteristics, and uses of such species was analyzed. The phenological development was recorded based on the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, Chemische Industrie) guide. Slender nightshade seeds were germinated under greenhouse conditions, then transferred to red porous volcano gravel locally known as tezontle in black polyethylene bags and watered with a Steiner nutrient solution. Changes in phenology were monitored and recorded from germination to the ripening of fruit and seeds. Slender nightshade has a wide distribution in Mexico and is used for medicinal and gastronomical purposes, as well as to control pathogens. The phenological development of slender nightshade has seven stages from germination to the ripening of fruit and seeds. Slender nightshade is a poorly studied plant with potential for human consumption. The phenological recording provides a tool for its management and further research as a crop. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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15 pages, 4056 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Analysis and Abiotic Stress-Responsive Patterns of COBRA-like Gene Family in Liriodendron chinense
by Chen Qiu, Jinhui Chen, Weihuang Wu, Bojun Liao, Xueyan Zheng, Yong Li, Jing Huang, Jisen Shi and Zhaodong Hao
Plants 2023, 12(8), 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081616 - 11 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
The COBRA gene encodes a plant-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein (GAP), which plays an important role in cell wall cellulose deposition. In this study, a total of 7 COBRA-like (COBL) genes were identified in the genome of the rare and endangered woody [...] Read more.
The COBRA gene encodes a plant-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein (GAP), which plays an important role in cell wall cellulose deposition. In this study, a total of 7 COBRA-like (COBL) genes were identified in the genome of the rare and endangered woody plant Liriodendron chinense (L. chinense). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these LcCOBL genes can be divided into two subfamilies, i.e., SF I and II. In the conserved motif analysis of two subfamilies, SF I contained 10 predicted motifs, while SF II contained 4–6 motifs. The tissue-specific expression patterns showed that LcCOBL5 was highly expressed in the phloem and xylem, indicating its potential role in cellulose biosynthesis. In addition, the cis-element analysis and abiotic stress transcriptomes showed that three LcCOBLs, LcCOBL3, LcCOBL4 and LcCOBL5, transcriptionally responded to abiotic stresses, including cold, drought and heat stress. In particular, the quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis further confirmed that the LcCOBL3 gene was significantly upregulated in response to cold stress and peaked at 24–48 h, hinting at its potential role in the mechanism of cold resistance in L. chinense. Moreover, GFP-fused LcCOBL2, LcCOBL4 and LcCOBL5 were found to be localized in the cytomembrane. In summary, we expect these results to be beneficial for research on both the functions of LcCOBL genes and resistance breeding in L. chinense. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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13 pages, 2141 KiB  
Article
Changes in Pomological and Physical Parameters in Rosehips during Ripening
by Brigita Medveckienė, Dovilė Levickienė, Nijolė Vaitkevičienė, Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė and Jurgita Kulaitienė
Plants 2023, 12(6), 1314; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061314 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1036
Abstract
Rosehips of various Rosa spp. are well known for having human health-promoting compounds like mineral nutrients, vitamins, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds. However, little is known about rosehip characteristics which describe the fruit quality and may indicate appropriate harvest times. Our study evaluated [...] Read more.
Rosehips of various Rosa spp. are well known for having human health-promoting compounds like mineral nutrients, vitamins, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds. However, little is known about rosehip characteristics which describe the fruit quality and may indicate appropriate harvest times. Our study evaluated the pomological (width, length, and weight of fruits, flesh weight, and seed weight), texture, and CIE colour parameters (L*, a*, and b*), chroma (C), and hue angle (h°) of rosehip fruits of Rosa canina, Rosa rugosa, and genotypes of Rosa rugosa ‘Rubra’ and ‘Alba’, harvested at five ripening stages (I–V). The main results revealed that genotype and ripening stage significantly affected parameters. The significantly longest (R. canina) and widest fruits (R. Rugosa) were measured at ripening stage V. Genotypes of R. rugosa ‘Rubra’ and ‘Alba’ had significantly higher fruit and flesh weights at ripening stage V. Rosehips of all investigated genotypes expressed darkness (lower L*) during ripening, and had the highest hue angle h° values at ripening stage I while the lowest was at stage V. The significantly lowest skin elasticity of rosehips was found at stage V. However, R. canina was distinguished by the highest fruit skin elasticity and strength. As our results show, the desired pomological, colour, and texture features of various species and cultivars rosehips can be optimised according to the harvest time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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18 pages, 4778 KiB  
Article
Population Structure, Genetic Diversity and Candidate Genes for the Adaptation to Environmental Stress in Picea koraiensis
by Ya Wang, Zeping Jiang, Aili Qin, Fude Wang, Ermei Chang, Yifu Liu, Wen Nie, Cancan Tan, Yanchao Yuan, Yao Dong, Ruizhi Huang, Zirui Jia and Junhui Wang
Plants 2023, 12(6), 1266; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061266 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1360
Abstract
Picea koraiensis is major silvicultural and timber species in northeast China, and its distribution area is an important transition zone for genus spruce migration. The degree of intraspecific differentiation of P. koraiensis is high, but population structure and differentiation mechanisms are not clear. [...] Read more.
Picea koraiensis is major silvicultural and timber species in northeast China, and its distribution area is an important transition zone for genus spruce migration. The degree of intraspecific differentiation of P. koraiensis is high, but population structure and differentiation mechanisms are not clear. In this study, 523,761 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 113 individuals from 9 populations of P. koraiensis by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Population genomic analysis showed that P. koraiensis was divided into three geoclimatic regions: Great Khingan Mountains climatic region, Lesser Khingan Mountains climatic region, and Changbai Mountain climatic region. Mengkeshan (MKS) population on the northern edge of the distribution area and Wuyiling (WYL) population located in the mining area are two highly differentiated groups. Selective sweep analysis showed that MKS and WYL populations had 645 and 1126 selected genes, respectively. Genes selected in the MKS population were associated with flowering and photomorphogenesis, cellular response to water deficit, and glycerophospholipid metabolism; genes selected in the WYL population were associated with metal ion transport, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and DNA repair. Climatic factors and heavy metal stress drives divergence in MKS and WYL populations, respectively. Our findings provide insights into adaptive divergence mechanisms in Picea and will contribute to molecular breeding studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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22 pages, 2539 KiB  
Article
Effects of High Voltage Electrical Discharge (HVED) on Endogenous Hormone and Polyphenol Profile in Wheat
by Tihana Marček, Kamirán Áron Hamow, Tibor Janda and Eva Darko
Plants 2023, 12(6), 1235; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061235 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1592
Abstract
High voltage electrical discharge (HVED) is an eco-friendly low-cost method based on the creation of plasma-activated water (PAW) through the release of electrical discharge in water which results in the formation of reactive particles. Recent studies have reported that such novel plasma technologies [...] Read more.
High voltage electrical discharge (HVED) is an eco-friendly low-cost method based on the creation of plasma-activated water (PAW) through the release of electrical discharge in water which results in the formation of reactive particles. Recent studies have reported that such novel plasma technologies promote germination and growth but their hormonal and metabolic background is still not known. In the present work, the HVED-induced hormonal and metabolic changes were studied during the germination of wheat seedlings. Hormonal changes including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acids (GAs), indol acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and the polyphenol responses were detected in the early (2nd day) and late (5th day) germination phases of wheat as well as their redistribution in shoot and root. HVED treatment significantly stimulated germination and growth both in the shoot and root. The root early response to HVED involved the upregulation of ABA and increased phaseic and ferulic acid content, while the active form of gibberellic acid (GA1) was downregulated. In the later phase (5th day of germination), HVED had a stimulatory effect on the production of benzoic and salicylic acid. The shoot showed a different response: HVED induced the synthesis of JA_Le_Ile, an active form of JA, and provoked the biosynthesis of cinnamic, p-coumaric and caffeic acid in both phases of germination. Surprisingly, in 2-day-old shoots, HVED decreased the GA20 levels, being intermediate in the synthesis of bioactive gibberellins. These HVED-provoked metabolic changes indicated a stress-related response that could contribute to germination in wheat. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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7 pages, 1285 KiB  
Communication
Exploring the Rice Cultivars in Large-Scale Chinese Local Gazetteers: A Computational Approach
by Yuehua Li and Hui Li
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3403; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233403 - 06 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1174
Abstract
Chinese local gazetteers have long been widely used by scholars to investigate the local products, culture, economy, and much more. Confronted with large-scale digitized resources nowadays, researchers can explore historical texts in a novel way. In this paper, we propose a computational approach [...] Read more.
Chinese local gazetteers have long been widely used by scholars to investigate the local products, culture, economy, and much more. Confronted with large-scale digitized resources nowadays, researchers can explore historical texts in a novel way. In this paper, we propose a computational approach in order to perform large-scale quantitative analysis of plant knowledge embedded in Chinese local gazetteers. We select the typical rice cultivars by their occurrences in the records, interpret their common features, and leverage the data clustering algorithm to investigate the inner connections among cultivars. We conduct a case study on a dataset of records of rice cultivars over 8 centuries in Jiangsu Province, China. We find that although planting early-season rice in Jiangsu province was the common practice, the local rice farmers cared more about the color, quality, and uses of cultivars than their sowing time. In addition, not all the rice varieties mentioned frequently in records are local plants. Plants imported from other provinces or countries were also highly recorded because of their good quality and special characteristics. Our study offers a practical guide and reference to history study as well as useful clues for modern agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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18 pages, 3859 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Profiling of HD-Zip Genes in ABA-Mediated Processes in Fragaria vesca
by Yong Wang, Junmiao Fan, Xinjie Wu, Ling Guan, Chun Li, Tingting Gu, Yi Li and Jing Ding
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3367; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233367 - 04 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1373
Abstract
Members of homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors can play their roles by modulating abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis. So far, our knowledge of the functions of HD-Zips in woodland strawberries (Fragaria vesca), a model plant for studying ABA-mediated fruit [...] Read more.
Members of homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors can play their roles by modulating abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis. So far, our knowledge of the functions of HD-Zips in woodland strawberries (Fragaria vesca), a model plant for studying ABA-mediated fruit ripening, is limited. Here, we identified a total of 31 HD-Zip genes (FveHDZ1-31) in F. vesca, and classified them into four subfamilies (I to IV). Promoter analyses show that the ABA-responsive element, ABRE, is prevalent in the promoters of subfamily I and II FveHDZs. RT-qPCR results demonstrate that 10 of the 14 investigated FveHDZs were consistently >1.5-fold up-regulated or down-regulated in expression in response to exogenous ABA, dehydration, and ABA-induced senescence in leaves. Five of the six consistently up-regulated genes are from subfamily I and II. Thereinto, FveHDZ4, and 20 also exhibited significantly enhanced expression along with increased ABA content during fruit ripening. In yeast one-hybrid assays, FveHDZ4 proteins could bind the promoter of an ABA signaling gene FvePP2C6. Collectively, our results strongly support that the FveHDZs, particularly those from subfamilies I and II, are involved in the ABA-mediated processes in F. vesca, providing a basis for further functional characterization of the HD-Zips in strawberry and other plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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11 pages, 1124 KiB  
Article
Multiple Resistance Mechanisms Involved in Glyphosate Resistance in Eleusine indica
by Wei Deng, Zhiwen Duan, Yang Li, Cheng Peng and Shuzhong Yuan
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3199; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233199 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1571
Abstract
Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide and is widely used for weed control in non-cultivated land in China. One susceptible (S) and five putative glyphosate-resistant (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5) Eleusine indica biotypes were selected to investigate their resistance levels and the potential [...] Read more.
Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide and is widely used for weed control in non-cultivated land in China. One susceptible (S) and five putative glyphosate-resistant (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5) Eleusine indica biotypes were selected to investigate their resistance levels and the potential resistance mechanisms. Based on the dose–response assays, the R3 and R5 biotypes showed a low-level (2.4 to 3.5-fold) glyphosate resistance, and the R1, R2, and R4 biotypes exhibited a moderate- to high-level (8.6 to 19.2-fold) resistance, compared with the S biotype. The analysis of the target-site resistance (TSR) mechanism revealed that the P106A mutation and the heterozygous double T102I + P106S mutation were found in the R3 and R4 biotypes, respectively. In addition, the similar EPSPS gene overexpression was observed in the R1, R2, and R5 biotypes, suggesting that additional non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms may contribute to glyphosate resistance in R1 and R2 biotypes. Subsequently, an RNA-Seq analysis was performed to identify candidate genes involved in NTSR. In total, ten differentially expressed contigs between untreated S and R1 or R2 plants, and between glyphosate-treated S and R1 or R2 plants, were identified and further verified with RT-qPCR. One ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene, one aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) gene and one cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CytP450) gene were up-regulated in R1 or R2 plants. These results indicated that EPSPS overexpression, single or double mutation was a common TSR mechanisms in E. indica. Additional NTSR mechanisms could play an essential role in glyphosate resistance. Three genes, ABCC4, AKR4C10, and CYP88, could serve as important candidate genes and deserve further functional studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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15 pages, 2610 KiB  
Article
Transgene Was Silenced in Hybrids between Transgenic Herbicide-Resistant Crops and Their Wild Relatives Utilizing Alien Chromosomes
by Zicheng Shao, Lei Huang, Yuchi Zhang, Sheng Qiang and Xiaoling Song
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3187; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233187 - 22 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1264
Abstract
The commercialization of transgenic herbicide-resistant (HR) crops may cause gene flow risk. If a transgene in progenies of transgenic crops and wild relatives is silencing, these progenies should be killed by the target herbicide, thus, the gene flow risk could be decreased. We [...] Read more.
The commercialization of transgenic herbicide-resistant (HR) crops may cause gene flow risk. If a transgene in progenies of transgenic crops and wild relatives is silencing, these progenies should be killed by the target herbicide, thus, the gene flow risk could be decreased. We obtained the progenies of backcross generations between wild Brassca juncea (AABB, 2n = 36) and glufosinate-resistant transgenic Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38, PAT gene located on the C-chromosome). They carried the HR gene but did not express it normally, i.e., gene silencing occurred. Meanwhile, six to nine methylation sites were found on the promoter of PAT in transgene-silencing progenies, while no methylation sites occurred on that in transgene-expressing progenies. In addition, transgene expressing and silencing backcross progenies showed similar fitness with wild Brassica juncea. In conclusion, we elaborate on the occurrence of transgene-silencing event in backcross progenies between transgenic crop utilizing alien chromosomes and their wild relatives, and the DNA methylation of the transgene promoter was an important factor leading to gene silencing. The insertion site of the transgene could be considered a strategy to reduce the ecological risk of transgenic crops, and applied to cultivate lower gene flow HR crops in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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19 pages, 11276 KiB  
Article
Fitness and Rhizobacteria of F2, F3 Hybrids of Herbicide-Tolerant Transgenic Soybean and Wild Soybean
by Rong Liang, Xueqin Ji, Zewen Sheng, Jinyue Liu, Sheng Qiang and Xiaoling Song
Plants 2022, 11(22), 3184; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223184 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1299
Abstract
The introduction of herbicide-tolerant (HT) transgenic soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) into farming systems raises great concern that transgenes may flow to endemic wild soybeans (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) via pollen, which may increase the ecological risks by increasing the [...] Read more.
The introduction of herbicide-tolerant (HT) transgenic soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) into farming systems raises great concern that transgenes may flow to endemic wild soybeans (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) via pollen, which may increase the ecological risks by increasing the fitness of hybrids under certain conditions and threaten the genetic diversity of wild soybean populations. In order to demonstrate the potential risk of gene flow from the HT soybean to the wild soybean, the fitness of F2 and F3 hybrids obtained from two wild soybean populations (HLJHRB-1, JSCZ) collected from China and the HT soybean was measured under farmland and wasteland soil conditions, as well as with or without weed competition. Compared with their wild progenitors, the F2 and F3 hybrids of HLJHRB-1 displayed a higher emergence rate, higher aboveground dry biomass, more pods and filled-seed plants, as well as better composite fitness under four planting conditions. The F2 and F3 hybrids of JSCZ also displayed a higher emergence rate, higher aboveground dry biomass, more pods, and more filled seeds per plant under mixed planting, whereas these characteristics were lower under pure planting conditions in wasteland and farmland soil. Therefore, the composite fitness of JSCZ hybrids was higher or lower depending on the planting conditions. Furthermore, the soil microbial communities of the F3 of HLJHRB-1, JSCZ, and the wild soybean were investigated with 16S rDNA sequencing, which showed that low alpha diversity of rhizobacteria was relative to high fitness, and Rhizobium played an important role in promoting F3 plant growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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12 pages, 2347 KiB  
Article
Long−Distance Wind Dispersal Drives Population Range Expansion of Solidago canadensis
by Zheng Zhang, Guangyue Wen, Dexiao Bu, Guojun Sun and Sheng Qiang
Plants 2022, 11(20), 2734; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11202734 - 16 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1388
Abstract
Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) is a serious invasive alien plant species that exerts negative effects on natural and agricultural ecosystems in China. Few studies have addressed the dispersal of S. canadensis to explain how it rapidly spreads to large areas over [...] Read more.
Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) is a serious invasive alien plant species that exerts negative effects on natural and agricultural ecosystems in China. Few studies have addressed the dispersal of S. canadensis to explain how it rapidly spreads to large areas over long distances. Here, we quantify the dispersal of S. canadensis via wind by capturing in situ−stained diaspores. The diaspores were trapped and counted along 11 radiating transects from the center of a dispersal source. Solidago canadensis diaspores could be dispersed in all directions from the source, traveling longer distances and in greater amounts in the downwind direction than the upwind one. With a source including about 58 million diaspores and a wind speed at Beaufort scale 4, the dispersal distance in the prevailing wind direction (PWD) was at least 2000 m. Diaspores shattered at a rate of approximately 3% daily with the common wind speed of scale 4, indicating that dispersal could last for more than a month. A mechanistic model was used to fit the dispersal curve along the PWD. Although the model slightly underestimated long−distance dispersal, it still demonstrated the potential of long−distance dispersal with great source strength. Wind−dispersed diaspores to new areas persisted over winter and were able to form new plants at a density of about 2 plants per m2 at 500 m away from the source. Further experiments showed that the dispersed amount of S. canadensis diaspores was significantly positively correlated with the temperature and wind speed, but significantly negatively correlated with relative humidity, which indicated that, during a day, the maximum dispersal usually occurred in the afternoon when the temperature was the highest and the relative humidity the lowest. In addition, for an already existent population patch, the patch range can expand 2−4 m per year, mainly depending on the seedlings recruited from the rhizomes. These results provide insights into the long−distance dispersal of S. canadensis by wind and its effects on the range expansion process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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7 pages, 1200 KiB  
Communication
Growth and Competitiveness of ALS-Inhibiting Herbicide-Resistant Amaranthus retroflexus L.
by Ruolin Wang, Yujun Han, Ying Sun, Hongjuan Huang, Shouhui Wei and Zhaofeng Huang
Plants 2022, 11(19), 2639; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192639 - 08 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1324
Abstract
The evolved acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicide-resistant redroot amaranth has been confirmed in China and caused a great loss in soybean production. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and competitiveness of ALS-resistant (R) and ALS-susceptible (S) redroot amaranth biotypes. Seeds of [...] Read more.
The evolved acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicide-resistant redroot amaranth has been confirmed in China and caused a great loss in soybean production. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and competitiveness of ALS-resistant (R) and ALS-susceptible (S) redroot amaranth biotypes. Seeds of both R and S biotypes were subjected to different temperature regimes. Data revealed that the germination percentage and seedling vigor of both biotypes did not differ largely from each other at 10/20 to 30/40 °C. Under noncompetitive conditions, there were no significant leaf number, plant height, or dry weight differences between the R and S biotypes. Moreover, replacement series experiment results indicated that the R and S biotypes have a similar competitive ability. This study shows that there are no significant differences in growth or competitiveness between the R and S redroot amaranth biotypes regarding the physiological characteristics evaluated. Therefore, the proportion and distribution of the R biotype will not be affected in the absence of the ALS-inhibiting herbicide. Some other effective management practices should be adopted to cope with this troublesome weed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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15 pages, 2859 KiB  
Article
Classification and Identification of S Haplotypes in Radish Based on SRK Kinase Domain Sequence Analysis
by Meng Ni, Xiaofang Yi, Qin Wang, Juan Wang, Shuang Wang, Liwang Liu, Liang Xu and Yan Wang
Plants 2022, 11(17), 2304; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172304 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1503
Abstract
Radish is a typical self-incompatible crop. The rapid and accurate identification of S haplotypes can circumvent the blindness of the hybrid combination process, which is critical in radish heterosis utilization and the breeding of new varieties. In this study, based on the gene [...] Read more.
Radish is a typical self-incompatible crop. The rapid and accurate identification of S haplotypes can circumvent the blindness of the hybrid combination process, which is critical in radish heterosis utilization and the breeding of new varieties. In this study, based on the gene sequence which encodes the S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) of radish, and the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, the S haplotypes were identified among 79 cultivated radish genotypes. The PCR results indicated that 79 radish genotypes could be divided into 48 Class I, 13 Class II, and 17 Class I/II S haplotypes. Sequence alignment confirmed that the Class I materials contained 19 S haplotypes, of which three haplotypes (‘NAU-S53’, ‘NAU-S54’ and ‘NAU-S55’) were identified for the first time in radish. After digestion using the Hinf I restriction endonuclease, the SRK domain of DNA fragments of different genotypes showed high polymorphism. Homozygous materials S haplotypes could be quickly distinguished by the differences in the digested bands. Molecular identification of the S haplotype was highly consistent with the field pollination and pollen tube germination results. These results would provide an important approach for the rapid identification of radish S haplotypes and the efficient utilization of self-incompatibility in heterosis breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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14 pages, 8614 KiB  
Article
Capitulum Development and Gametophyte Ontogeny: Histological Insight into the Reproductive Process of a Hexaploidy Population of Solidago canadensis in China
by Yu Zhang, Fei Cao and Sheng Qiang
Plants 2022, 11(15), 2073; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11152073 - 08 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1490
Abstract
Solidago canadensis L., native to North America, has become a troublesome invasive plant worldwide due to its strong sexual reproductive capacity. Although there have been studies on some stages of sexual reproduction, there has been no systematic description of the process. In this [...] Read more.
Solidago canadensis L., native to North America, has become a troublesome invasive plant worldwide due to its strong sexual reproductive capacity. Although there have been studies on some stages of sexual reproduction, there has been no systematic description of the process. In this study, we observed capitulum development, the occurrence of megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis, and embryo development using a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that there was a close relationship between the length of the capitulum bud and the stage in the reproductive process. Capitulum development appeared when the length of the capitate inflorescence was less than 1.73 ± 0.08 mm. The meiosis of microspores occurred when the length of the capitate inflorescence ranged from 2.20 ± 0.07 mm to 3.50 ± 0.10 mm, and mature pollen grains and embryo sacs formed when the length of the capitate inflorescence was greater than 5.15 ± 0.14 mm. Based on the available information, a reproductive calendar showing the key reproductive events from capitulum development to seed formation has been prepared. These processes may be related to its inherent temperature adaptation and non-synchronization of flowering, which may avoid embryo abortion during embryo development and consequently as a key step for its successful invasion in China. These results open up new horizons for effective prevention and control of spread in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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9 pages, 1361 KiB  
Article
Occurrence of Bensulfuron-Methyl Resistance and Target-Site Resistance Mechanisms in Ammannia auriculata Biotypes from Paddy Fields
by Longwei Liu, Peng Wan, Yang Li, Zhiwen Duan, Cheng Peng, Shuzhong Yuan and Wei Deng
Plants 2022, 11(15), 1926; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151926 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1267
Abstract
Ammanniaauriculata is a troublesome broadleaf weed, widely distributed in the paddy fields of southern China. In this study, 10 biotypes of A. auriculata were sampled from Yangzhou City, China, where the paddy fields were seriously infested with A. auriculata, and their [...] Read more.
Ammanniaauriculata is a troublesome broadleaf weed, widely distributed in the paddy fields of southern China. In this study, 10 biotypes of A. auriculata were sampled from Yangzhou City, China, where the paddy fields were seriously infested with A. auriculata, and their resistance levels to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor bensulfuron-methyl were determined. The whole-plant response assays showed that nine A. auriculata biotypes were highly resistant (from 16.4- to 183.1-fold) to bensulfuron-methyl in comparison with a susceptible YZ-S biotype, and only one YZ-6 biotype was susceptible. ALS gene sequencing revealed that three ALS gene copies existed in A. auriculata, and four different amino acid substitutions (Pro197-Leu, -Ala, -Ser, and -His) at site 197 in the AaALS1 or 2 genes were found in eight resistant biotypes. In addition, no amino acid mutations in three ALS genes were found in the YZ-3 biotype. These results suggested that target-site mutations or non-target-site resistance mechanisms were involved in tested resistant A. auriculata biotypes. Finally, a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker was identified to rapidly detect the Pro197 mutations in A. auriculata. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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19 pages, 13468 KiB  
Article
Proteomic Analysis Reveals Salicylic Acid as a Pivotal Signal Molecule in Rice Response to Blast Disease Infection
by Haiying Zhou, Delight Hwarari, Yunhui Zhang, Xiaosong Mo, Yuming Luo and Hongyu Ma
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1702; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131702 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1678
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by a fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most destructive diseases in rice production worldwide, and salicylic acid (SA) can efficiently decrease the damage of M. grisea. Here, we combined the 2-Dimensional-Liquid Chromatography and the Matrix-assisted [...] Read more.
Rice blast disease caused by a fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most destructive diseases in rice production worldwide, and salicylic acid (SA) can efficiently decrease the damage of M. grisea. Here, we combined the 2-Dimensional-Liquid Chromatography and the Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (2D-LC-MALDI-TOF-TOF MS) techniques to compare and identify differentially expressed labelled proteins by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) between the blast-resistant cultivar Minghui and the susceptible rice cultivar Nipponbare in response to blast fungus infection. The group samples were treated with salicylic acid and compared to control samples. A total of 139 DEPs from the two cultivars showed either more than a two-fold change or alternating regulation patterns. Protein functionality analysis also exhibited that these proteins are involved in a wide range of molecular functions including: energy-related activity (30%), signal transduction (11%), redox homeostasis (15%), amino acid and nitrogen metabolism (4%), carbohydrate metabolism (5%), protein folding and assembly (10%), protein hydrolysis (9%), protein synthesis (12%), and other unknown functions (4%). Specifically, we demonstrated that exogenous treatment with salicylic acid promoted recovery in both rice cultivars from Magnaporthe grisea infection by enhancing: the regulation of signal transduction, increasing energy conversion and production through the regulation of the glycolytic pathway, and other various biochemical processes. These findings may facilitate future studies of the molecular mechanisms of rice blast resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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7 pages, 1195 KiB  
Communication
Mechanism of Resistance to Pyroxsulam in Multiple-Resistant Alopecurus myosuroides from China
by Yuning Lan, Ying Sun, Zhen Liu, Shouhui Wei, Hongjuan Huang, Yi Cao, Wenyu Li and Zhaofeng Huang
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1645; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131645 - 22 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1526
Abstract
Black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) is a highly competitive weed in winter wheat fields of China. Due to repeated use of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, many A. myosuroides populations have evolved resistance to pyroxsulam in some wheat fields. Research was conducted to [...] Read more.
Black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) is a highly competitive weed in winter wheat fields of China. Due to repeated use of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, many A. myosuroides populations have evolved resistance to pyroxsulam in some wheat fields. Research was conducted to determine the molecular basis of herbicide resistance in the AH93 A. myosuroides population. Whole-plant dose–response assay confirmed that the AH93 population was resistant to pyroxsulam with a resistance index of 4.2. Cross- and multiple-resistance assays indicated that the AH93 population was cross-resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl and multiple-resistant to pinoxaden. Sequencing of the ALS and ACCase gene revealed that there was no target-site mutation in ALS, but Trp-2027-Cys and Cys-2088-Arg amino acid mutations in ACCase in the AH93 population. A malathion pretreatment study indicated that the AH93 population might have cytochrome P450–mediated herbicide metabolic resistance. This is the first report of pyroxsulam resistance in a multiple-resistant A. myosuroides population in China, and the Cys-2088-Arg mutation is the first reported case of an ACCase mutant conferring herbicide resistance in A. myosuroides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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16 pages, 4415 KiB  
Article
Isolation and Characterization of the GmMT-II Gene and Its Role in Response to High Temperature and Humidity Stress in Glycine max
by Sushuang Liu, Yanmin Liu, Chundong Liu, Yang Li, Feixue Zhang and Hao Ma
Plants 2022, 11(11), 1503; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111503 - 03 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1726
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are polypeptide-encoded genes involved in plant growth, development, seed formation, and diverse stress response. High temperature and humidity stress (HTH) reduce seed development and maturity of the field-grown soybean, which also leads to seed pre-harvest deterioration. However, the function of MTs [...] Read more.
Metallothioneins (MTs) are polypeptide-encoded genes involved in plant growth, development, seed formation, and diverse stress response. High temperature and humidity stress (HTH) reduce seed development and maturity of the field-grown soybean, which also leads to seed pre-harvest deterioration. However, the function of MTs in higher plants is still largely unknown. Herein, we isolated and characterized the soybean metallothionein II gene. The full-length fragment is 255 bp and encodes 85 amino acids and contains the HD domain and the N-terminal non-conservative region. The subcellular location of the GmMT-II-GFP fusion protein was clearly located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. The highest expression of the GmMT-II gene was observed in seeds both of the soybean Xiangdou No. 3 and Ningzhen No. 1 cultivars, as compared to other plant tissues. Similarly, gene expression was higher 45 days after flowering followed by 30, 40, and 35 days. Furthermore, the GmMT-II transcript levels were significantly higher at 96 and 12 h in the cultivars Xiangdou No. 3 and Ningzhen No. 1 under HTH stress, respectively. In addition, it was found that when the Gm1-MMP protein was deleted, the GmMT-II could bind to the propeptide region of the Gm1-MMP, but not to the signal peptide region or the catalytic region. GmMT-II overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis increased seed germination and germination rate under HTH conditions, conferring enhanced resistance to HTH stress. GmMT-II overexpressing plants suffered less oxidative damage under HTH stress, as reflected by lower MDA and H2O2 content and ROS production than WT plants. In addition, the activity of antioxidant enzymes namely SOD, CAT, and POD was significantly higher in all transgenic Arabidopsis lines under HTH stress compared wild-tpye plants. Our results suggested that GmMT-II is related to growth and development and confers enhanced HTH stress tolerance in plants by reduction of oxidative molecules through activation of antioxidant activities. These findings will be helpful for us in further understanding of the biological functions of MT-II in plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

21 pages, 1465 KiB  
Review
A Proteomics Insight into Advancements in the Rice–Microbe Interaction
by Lirong Wei, Dacheng Wang, Ravi Gupta, Sun Tae Kim and Yiming Wang
Plants 2023, 12(5), 1079; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051079 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1807
Abstract
Rice is one of the most-consumed foods worldwide. However, the productivity and quality of rice grains are severely constrained by pathogenic microbes. Over the last few decades, proteomics tools have been applied to investigate the protein level changes during rice–microbe interactions, leading to [...] Read more.
Rice is one of the most-consumed foods worldwide. However, the productivity and quality of rice grains are severely constrained by pathogenic microbes. Over the last few decades, proteomics tools have been applied to investigate the protein level changes during rice–microbe interactions, leading to the identification of several proteins involved in disease resistance. Plants have developed a multi-layered immune system to suppress the invasion and infection of pathogens. Therefore, targeting the proteins and pathways associated with the host’s innate immune response is an efficient strategy for developing stress-resistant crops. In this review, we discuss the progress made thus far with respect to rice–microbe interactions from side views of the proteome. Genetic evidence associated with pathogen-resistance-related proteins is also presented, and challenges and future perspectives are highlighted in order to understand the complexity of rice–microbe interactions and to develop disease-resistant crops in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

10 pages, 2769 KiB  
Brief Report
Pro-197-Ser Mutation and Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism Conferring Resistance to Flucarbazone-Sodium in Bromus japonicus
by Yuning Lan, Xinxin Zhou, Shenyuan Lin, Yi Cao, Shouhui Wei, Hongjuan Huang, Wenyu Li and Zhaofeng Huang
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1641; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131641 - 21 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1582
Abstract
In crop fields, resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides found in many troublesome weed species, including Bromus japonicus Thunb, is a worldwide problem. In particular, the development of herbicide resistance in B. japonicus is a severe threat to wheat production in China. The [...] Read more.
In crop fields, resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides found in many troublesome weed species, including Bromus japonicus Thunb, is a worldwide problem. In particular, the development of herbicide resistance in B. japonicus is a severe threat to wheat production in China. The purpose of this research was to investigate the physiological and molecular basis of B. japonicus resistance to flucarbazone-sodium. Dose-response analysis demonstrated that, compared with the susceptible B. japonicus (S) population, the resistant (R) population exhibited a 120-fold increase in flucarbazone-sodium resistance. Nucleotide sequence alignment of the ALS gene indicated that the Pro-197-Ser mutation in ALS was associated with resistance to flucarbazone-sodium in the R population. The results of a malathion pretreatment study showed that B. japonicus might also have remarkable cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450)-mediated metabolic resistance. This is the first report of a Pro-197-Ser mutation and P450-mediated metabolism conferring resistance to flucarbazone-sodium in B. japonicus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Science Research in Nanjing Agricultural University: Commemorating the University’s 120th Anniversary)
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