Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Delivery and Controlled Release".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2022) | Viewed by 14879

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: mucoadhesion; vaginal drug administration; thin films; HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis; pH-responsive DDS; bigels; controlled release

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: mucoadhesion; vaginal drug administration; thin films; HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis; naturally occuring polymers; polyelectrolyte complexes; electrospun nanofibers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mucoadhesion, described as many polymers’ ability to adhere to a mucosal membrane, is a characteristic of great interest in the development of drug delivery systems for vaginal, ocular, nasal, buccal and oral routes. The use of mucoadhesive polymers enables increased residence times in ​​administration or action, which is an appealing strategy to improve the treatment of local pathologies or promote greater drug bioavailability by enhancing its absorption. Furthermore, mucoadhesive polymers are frequently capable of acting as drug-release modulators, allowing sustained or stimuli-responsive drug release. However, despite their potential, the therapeutic application of these polymers is still limited. This Special Issue aims to advance the development of new drug dosage forms that benefit from the properties of mucoadhesive polymers, from development and characterization to in vivo evaluation of new formulations.

Dr. Araceli Martín Illana
Dr. Raúl Cazorla Luna
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • mucoadhesion
  • drug delivery systems
  • biopolymers
  • vaginal administration
  • buccal administration
  • oral administration
  • ocular administration
  • nasal administration
  • sustained release

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 4813 KiB  
Article
Cell-Friendly Chitosan-Xanthan Gum Membranes Incorporating Hydroxyapatite Designed for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
by Rafael Maza Barbosa, Daniel Navarro da Rocha, Renata Francielle Bombaldi de Souza, Jheison Lopes Santos, José Ricardo M. Ferreira and Ângela Maria Moraes
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(2), 705; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020705 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1611
Abstract
In this work, a simple method was proposed to produce dense composite polysaccharide-based membranes to be used for guided tissue and guided bone regeneration. The mucoadhesive polysaccharides chitosan (C) and xanthan gum (X) were used to produce polyelectrolyte-based complex membranes. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was [...] Read more.
In this work, a simple method was proposed to produce dense composite polysaccharide-based membranes to be used for guided tissue and guided bone regeneration. The mucoadhesive polysaccharides chitosan (C) and xanthan gum (X) were used to produce polyelectrolyte-based complex membranes. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was added to the formulation as a potential drug carrier, in C:X:HA mass proportions equal to 1:1:0.4, 1:1:2, and 1:1:10, and also to improve membranes bioactivity and biomimetic properties. FTIR analysis indicated successful incorporation of HA in the membranes and XRD analysis showed that no changes in the HA crystalline structure were observed after incorporation. The residual mass evaluated by TGA was higher for the formulation produced at the proportion 1:1:10. The membranes produced showed asymmetrical surfaces, with distinct roughness. Increasing the HA concentration increased the surface roughness. Greater in vitro proliferation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells was observed on the surface of the membrane with 1:1:10 C:X:HA proportion. However, the 1:1:2 formulation showed the most adequate balance of mechanical and biological properties. These results suggest that adding HA to the membranes can influence mechanical parameters as well as cell adhesion and proliferation, supporting the potential application of these materials in regenerative techniques and the treatment of periodontal lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems)
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25 pages, 3866 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Novel Agarose-Based Buccal Gels Scaffold: Mucoadhesive and Pharmacokinetic Profiling in Healthy Volunteers
by Muhammad Ali Syed, Ghiyyas Aziz, Muhammad Bilal Jehangir, Tanveer A. Tabish, Ameer Fawad Zahoor, Syed Haroon Khalid, Ikram Ullah Khan, Khaled Mohamed Hosny, Waleed Yousof Rizg, Sana Hanif, Rabia Arshad, Muhammad Abdul Qayyum and Muhammad Irfan
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(8), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081592 - 30 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2158
Abstract
Agarose (AG) forms hydrocolloid in hot water and possesses a noteworthy gel strength. However, no reasonable scientific work on investigating the mucoadhesive character of AG has been reported. Therefore, the current study was designed to develop AG and carbopol (CP) based buccal gel [...] Read more.
Agarose (AG) forms hydrocolloid in hot water and possesses a noteworthy gel strength. However, no reasonable scientific work on investigating the mucoadhesive character of AG has been reported. Therefore, the current study was designed to develop AG and carbopol (CP) based buccal gel scaffold for simultaneous release of benzocaine (BZN) and tibezonium iodide (TIB). Gels’ scaffold formulations (F1–F12) were prepared with varied concentrations (0.5–1.25% w/v) of AG and CP alone or their blends (AG-CP) using homogenization technique. The prepared formulations were characterized for solid-state, physicochemical, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo mucoadhesive studies in healthy volunteers. The results showed that mucoadhesive property of AG was concentration dependent but improved by incorporating CP in the scaffolds. The ex vivo mucoadhesive time reached >36 h when AG was used alone or blended with CP at 1% w/v concentration or above. The optimized formulation (F10) depicted >98% drugs release within 8 h and was also storage stable up to six months. The salivary concentration of BZN and TIB from formulation F10 yielded a Cmax value of 9.97 and 8.69 µg/mL at 2 and 6 h (tmax), respectively. In addition, the FTIR, PXRD, and DSC results confirmed the presence of no unwanted interaction among the ingredients. Importantly, the mucoadhesive study performed on healthy volunteers did not provoke any signs of inflammation, pain, or swelling. Clearly, it was found from the results that AG-CP scaffold provided better mucoadhesive properties in comparison to pure AG or CP. Conclusively, the developed AG based mucoadhesive drug delivery system could be considered a potential alternative for delivering drugs through the mucoadhesive buccal route. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems)
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18 pages, 3366 KiB  
Article
Papain-Decorated Mucopenetrating SEDDS: A Tentative Approach to Combat Absorption Issues of Acyclovir via the Oral Route
by Arshad Mahmood, Rabbia Haneef, Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani, Mohammad F. Bostanudin, Muhammad Sohail, Muhammad Sarfraz and Mosab Arafat
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(8), 1584; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081584 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1875
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to enhance the oral bioavailability of Acyclovir (ACV) based on the papain-functionalized self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). The optimum control SEDDS formulation comprised of kolliphore (40%), transcutol (30%), propylene glycol (20%) and oleoyl chloride (10%). However, [...] Read more.
The aim of the current study was to enhance the oral bioavailability of Acyclovir (ACV) based on the papain-functionalized self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). The optimum control SEDDS formulation comprised of kolliphore (40%), transcutol (30%), propylene glycol (20%) and oleoyl chloride (10%). However, in the targeted SEDDS formulation, oleoyl chloride was replaced with oleoyl chloride-papain (OC-PAP) conjugate that was synthesized via an amide bond formation between the acyl halide groups of oleoyl chloride and the amino group of papain. Prior to adding in the SEDDS formulation, the newly synthesized conjugate was evaluated quantitatively by a Bradford assay that demonstrated 45 µg of papain contents per mg of the conjugate. Moreover, the conjugate formation was qualitatively confirmed through FTIR analysis and thin layer chromatography. ACV (a BCS class III drug) was incorporated into the SEDDS formulations after being hydrophobically ion paired with sodium deoxycholate, thereby making it lipophilic. The drug-loaded formulations were emulsified in the 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and evaluated in vitro with respect to drug release and rabbit mucosal permeation studies. Both the formulations illustrated a very comparable drug release over a period of 4 h, afterwards, the OC-PAP-based formulation demonstrated a more sustaining effect. The extent of mucus diffusion evaluated via the silicon tube method demonstrated a 4.92-fold and a 1.46-fold higher penetration of the drug, a 3.21-fold and a 1.56-fold higher permeation through the rabbit intestinal mucus layer, and a 22.94-fold and a 2.27-fold higher retention of the drug over the intact mucosa of rabbit intestine, illustrated by OC-PAP-based nanoemulsions compared to the drug-free solution and controlled nanoemulsion, respectively. According to these in vitro results, papain-functionalized SEDDS is a promising approach for the oral delivery of ACV and many other drugs with oral bioavailability issues, however, in vivo studies in this respect have to be employed before making a comprehensive conclusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems)
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19 pages, 1769 KiB  
Article
Design of Topical Moxifloxacin Mucoadhesive Nanoemulsion for the Management of Ocular Bacterial Infections
by Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef, Ruchi Thakkar, Samir Senapati, Poorva H. Joshi, Narendar Dudhipala and Soumyajit Majumdar
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(6), 1246; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061246 - 12 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2332
Abstract
Ocular bacterial infections can lead to serious visual disability without proper treatment. Moxifloxacin (MOX) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a monotherapy for ocular bacterial infections and is available commercially as an ophthalmic solution (0.5% w/v [...] Read more.
Ocular bacterial infections can lead to serious visual disability without proper treatment. Moxifloxacin (MOX) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a monotherapy for ocular bacterial infections and is available commercially as an ophthalmic solution (0.5% w/v). However, precorneal retention, drainage, and low bioavailability remain the foremost challenges associated with current commercial eyedrops. With this study, we aimed to design a MOX-loaded nanoemulsion (NE; MOX-NE) with mucoadhesive agents (MOX-NEM) to sustain MOX release, as well as to overcome the potential drawbacks of the current commercial ophthalmic formulation. MOX-NE and MOX-NEM formulations were prepared by hot homogenization coupled with probe sonication technique and subsequently characterized. The lead formulations were further evaluated for in vitro release, ex vivo transcorneal permeation, sterilization, and antimicrobial efficacy studies. Commercial MOX ophthalmic solution was used as a control. The lead formulations showed the desired physicochemical properties and viscosity. All lead formulations showed sustained release profiles a period of more than 12 h. Filtered and autoclaved lead formulations were stable for one month (the last time point tested) under refrigeration and at room temperature. Ex vivo transcorneal permeation studies revealed a 2.1-fold improvement in MOX permeation of the lead MOX-NE formulation compared with Vigamox® eyedrops. However, MOX-NEM formulations showed similar flux and permeability coefficients to those of Vigamox® eyedrops. The lead formulations showed similar in vitro antibacterial activity as the commercial eyedrops and crude drug solution. Therefore, MOX-NE and MOX-NEM formulations could serve as effective delivery vehicles for MOX and could improve treatment outcomes in different ocular bacterial infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems)
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14 pages, 5666 KiB  
Article
Single-Step Self-Assembly of Zein–Honey–Chitosan Nanoparticles for Hydrophilic Drug Incorporation by Flash Nanoprecipitation
by Jorge Loureiro, Sónia P. Miguel, Inês J. Seabra, Maximiano P. Ribeiro and Paula Coutinho
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(5), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050920 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2787
Abstract
Zein- and chitosan-based nanoparticles have been described as promising carrier systems for food, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. However, the manufacture of size-controlled zein and chitosan particles is challenging. In this study, an adapted anti-solvent nanoprecipitation method was developed. The effects of the concentration [...] Read more.
Zein- and chitosan-based nanoparticles have been described as promising carrier systems for food, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. However, the manufacture of size-controlled zein and chitosan particles is challenging. In this study, an adapted anti-solvent nanoprecipitation method was developed. The effects of the concentration of zein and chitosan and the pH of the collection solution on the properties of the zein–honey–chitosan nanoparticles were investigated. Flash nanoprecipitation was demonstrated as a rapid, scalable, single-step method to achieve the self-assembly of zein–honey–chitosan nanoparticles. The nanoparticles size was tuned by varying certain formulation parameters, including the total concentration and ratio of the polymers. The zein–honey–chitosan nanoparticles’ hydrodynamic diameter was below 200 nm and the particles were stable for 30 days. Vitamin C was used as a hydrophilic model substance and efficiently encapsulated into these nanoparticles. This study opens a promising pathway for one-step producing zein–honey–chitosan nanoparticles by flash nanoprecipitation for hydrophilic compounds’ encapsulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems)
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Review

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27 pages, 3541 KiB  
Review
Biopolymers in Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Treatment of Dry Eye and Allergic Conditions: Application and Perspectives
by Anđelka Račić and Danina Krajišnik
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(2), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020470 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3044
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome and allergic conjunctivitis are the most common inflammatory disorders of the eye surface. Although eye drops are the most usual prescribed dosage form, they are characterized by low ocular availability due to numerous barrier mechanisms of the eye. The use [...] Read more.
Dry eye syndrome and allergic conjunctivitis are the most common inflammatory disorders of the eye surface. Although eye drops are the most usual prescribed dosage form, they are characterized by low ocular availability due to numerous barrier mechanisms of the eye. The use of biopolymers in liquid ophthalmic preparations has numerous advantages, such as increasing the viscosity of the tear film, exhibiting bioadhesive properties, and resisting the drainage system, leading to prolonged retention of the preparation at the site of application, and improvement of the therapeutic effect. Some mucoadhesive polymers are multifunctional excipients, so they act by different mechanisms on increasing the permeability of the cornea. Additionally, many hydrophilic biopolymers can also represent the active substances in artificial tear preparations, due to their lubrication and moisturizing effect. With the modification of conventional ophthalmic preparations, there is a need for development of new methods for their characterization. Numerous methods for the assessment of mucoadhesiveness have been suggested by the literature. This review gives an overview related to the development of mucoadhesive liquid ophthalmic formulations for the treatment of dry eye and allergic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems)
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