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Micromachines
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Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics
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Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A：Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 19654

Special Issue Editors

Dr. He Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: chip-integrated optoelectronic devices; nanowire photonics; nonlinear optics; all-optical computing; optical logic gates; micro- and nanofabrication process; MEMS sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xinyang Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: fiber lasers; nonlinear optics; mid-infrared lasers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yizhong Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, IL, 60637, US
Interests: nanophotonics; nonlinear optics; ultrafast optics; lasers; hybrid quantum systems interfacing different quantum degrees of freedom; novel qubit platforms; quantum networks

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Integrated photonic and optoelectronic technologies have become powerful tools to drive the development of devices to be much smaller and highly integrated, with lower power consumption and higher functionality. With the development of advanced materials and nanofabrication techniques, the last two decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices, such as graphene-based ultrafast optical detectors, Si-based ultra-low-loss waveguides, Brillouin integrated lasers, lithium-niobite-film-integrated high-speed modulators, and the emerging new area of artificial intelligence and quantum computing. Thus, this Special Issue, to be published in Micromachines, aims to present original state-of-the-art research papers and review articles on the topic of active and passive integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices, methods for the design and simulation of integration process, micro- and nanofabrication techniques, and related advanced functional nanomaterials in integrated devices.

Dr. He Yang
Dr. Xinyang Su
Dr. Yizhong Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • active and passive photonic devices
  • nanoscale optical modulators and photodetectors
  • chip-integrated single-photon generation and detection
  • photonic interfaced hybrid quantum systems
  • photonic computing and photonic quantum computing
  • advanced nanomaterials for photonic structures
  • on chip mid-IR photonics
  • micro- and nanofabrication techniques

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1590 KiB  
Article
Excitation of Terahertz Spoof Surface Plasmons on a Roofed Metallic Grating by an Electron Beam
by Yongqiang Liu, Xutao Zhang, Yan Wang, He Cai, Jinhai Sun, Yong Zhu and Liangsheng Li
Micromachines 2024, 15(3), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15030293 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 565
Abstract
In this paper, both fundamental SSP modes on a roofed metallic grating and its effective excitation of the bounded SSP mode by an injected electron beam on the structure are numerically examined and investigated in the THz regime. Apart from the bounded SSP [...] Read more.
In this paper, both fundamental SSP modes on a roofed metallic grating and its effective excitation of the bounded SSP mode by an injected electron beam on the structure are numerically examined and investigated in the THz regime. Apart from the bounded SSP mode on the metallic grating with open space, the introduced roofed metallic grating can generate a closed waveguide mode that occupies the dispersion region outside the light line. The closed waveguide mode shifts gradually to a higher frequency band with a decreased gap size, while the bounded SSP mode line becomes lower. The effective excitation of the bounded SSP mode on this roofed metallic grating is also implemented and studied by using a particle-in-cell simulation studio. The output SSP power spectrums with various gap sizes by the same electron beam on this roofed metallic grating are obtained and analyzed. The simulation results reveal that the generated SSP spectra show a slight red shift with a decreased gap size. This work on the excitation of the SSP mode using an electron beam can benefit the development of high-power compact THz radiation sources by utilizing the strong near-field confinement of SSPs on metallic gratings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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10 pages, 3330 KiB  
Communication
Increasing the Light Extraction Efficiency of Organic Light-Emitting Devices by Electrochemically Corroded Patterned Substrates
by Yang Wang, Zhonghao Li, Yu Bai and Yingzhi Wang
Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010067 - 29 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 765
Abstract
A substrate with microstructure can increase the light extraction efficiency of OLEDs. However, the present preparation methods for micro- and nanostructures are not suited for broad-area manufacturing. In this research, we suggested an electrochemical etching approach to patterning Si substrates and effectively generated [...] Read more.
A substrate with microstructure can increase the light extraction efficiency of OLEDs. However, the present preparation methods for micro- and nanostructures are not suited for broad-area manufacturing. In this research, we suggested an electrochemical etching approach to patterning Si substrates and effectively generated a vast area of micro-/nanostructures on the surface of Si. We created OLEDs using this patterned substrate. It was discovered through this study that when the current density is 100 mA/cm2, the brightness increases by 1.67 times and the efficiency increases by 1.43 times, over a planar equivalent. In the future, this electrochemical etching process for patterned silicon substrates might give rise to a new approach to the large-scale manufacture of microstructured silicon substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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11 pages, 4491 KiB  
Article
Double-Strip Array-Based Metasurfaces with BICs for Terahertz Thin Membrane Detection
by Yanchun Shen, Jinlan Wang, Hongyu Sheng, Xiaoming Li, Jing Yang, Hongmei Liu and Dejun Liu
Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010043 - 25 Dec 2023
Viewed by 730
Abstract
A double-strip array-based metasurface that supports the sharp quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) is demonstrated in terahertz regions. By tuning the structural parameters of metal strips, the conversion of BICs and quasi-BICs is controllable. The simulated results exhibit an achieved maximum Q-factor [...] Read more.
A double-strip array-based metasurface that supports the sharp quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) is demonstrated in terahertz regions. By tuning the structural parameters of metal strips, the conversion of BICs and quasi-BICs is controllable. The simulated results exhibit an achieved maximum Q-factor for quasi-BICs that exceeds 500, corresponding to a bandwidth that is less than 1 GHz. The optical response of quasi-BICs is mainly affected by the properties of substrates. Resonant frequencies decrease linearly with increasing refractive index. The bandwidth of quasi-BICs decreases to 0.9 GHz when n is 2.2. The sharp quasi-BICs are also sensitive to changes in material absorption. Low-loss materials show higher Q-factors. Thus, the selection of a suitable substrate material will be beneficial in achieving resonance with a high Q value. The sensitivity of DSAs for molecules is assessed using a thin membrane layer. The DSAs show high sensitivity, which achieves a frequency shift of 70 GHz when the thickness of the membrane is 10 μm, corresponding to a sensitivity of 87.5 GHz/RIU. This metasurface with sharp quasi-BICs is expected to perform well in THz sensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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14 pages, 3773 KiB  
Article
Progress of Edge-Emitting Diode Lasers Based on Coupled-Waveguide Concept
by Lili Han, Zhaowei Wang, Nikita Yu. Gordeev, Mikhail V. Maximov, Xiansheng Tang, Artem A. Beckman, Grigoriy O. Kornyshov, Alexey S. Payusov, Yuri M. Shernyakov, Alexey E. Zhukov, Kuilong Li, Ruizhan Zhai, Zhongqing Jia, He Yang and Wei Zhang
Micromachines 2023, 14(6), 1271; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061271 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1428
Abstract
Semiconductor lasers have developed rapidly with the steady growth of the global laser market. The use of semiconductor laser diodes is currently considered to be the most advanced option for achieving the optimal combination of efficiency, energy consumption, and cost parameters of high-power [...] Read more.
Semiconductor lasers have developed rapidly with the steady growth of the global laser market. The use of semiconductor laser diodes is currently considered to be the most advanced option for achieving the optimal combination of efficiency, energy consumption, and cost parameters of high-power solid-state and fiber lasers. In this work, an approach for optical mode engineering in planar waveguides is investigated. The approach referred to as Coupled Large Optical Cavity (CLOC) is based on the resonant optical coupling between waveguides and allows the selection of high-order modes. The state-of-art of the CLOC operation is reviewed and discussed. We apply the CLOC concept in our waveguide design strategy. The results in both numerical simulation and experiment show that the CLOC approach can be considered a simple and cost-efficient solution for improving diode laser performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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13 pages, 9019 KiB  
Article
Broadband All-Optical THz Modulator Based on Bi2Te3/Si Heterostructure Driven by UV-Visible Light
by Yayan Xi, Yixuan Zhou, Xueqin Cao, Jing Wang, Zhen Lei, Chunhui Lu, Dan Wu, Mingjian Shi, Yuanyuan Huang and Xinlong Xu
Micromachines 2023, 14(6), 1237; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061237 - 12 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1027
Abstract
All-optical terahertz (THz) modulators have received tremendous attention due to their significant role in developing future sixth-generation technology and all-optical networks. Herein, the THz modulation performance of the Bi2Te3/Si heterostructure is investigated via THz time-domain spectroscopy under the control [...] Read more.
All-optical terahertz (THz) modulators have received tremendous attention due to their significant role in developing future sixth-generation technology and all-optical networks. Herein, the THz modulation performance of the Bi2Te3/Si heterostructure is investigated via THz time-domain spectroscopy under the control of continuous wave lasers at 532 nm and 405 nm. Broadband-sensitive modulation is observed at 532 nm and 405 nm within the experimental frequency range from 0.8 to 2.4 THz. The modulation depth reaches 80% under the 532 nm laser illumination with a maximum power of 250 mW and 96% under 405 nm illumination with a high power of 550 mW. The mechanism of the largely enhanced modulation depth is attributed to the construction of a type-II Bi2Te3/Si heterostructure, which could promote photogenerated electron and hole separation and increase carrier density dramatically. This work proves that a high photon energy laser can also achieve high-efficiency modulation based on the Bi2Te3/Si heterostructure, and the UV-Visible control laser may be more suitable for designing advanced all-optical THz modulators with micro-level sizes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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12 pages, 10500 KiB  
Article
Antireflection Structures for VIS and NIR on Arbitrarily Shaped Fused Silica Substrates with Colloidal Polystyrene Nanosphere Lithography
by David Schmelz, Guobin Jia, Thomas Käsebier, Jonathan Plentz and Uwe Detlef Zeitner
Micromachines 2023, 14(6), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061204 - 07 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1186
Abstract
Antireflective (AR) nanostructures offer an effective, broadband alternative to conventional AR coatings that could be used even under extreme conditions. In this publication, a possible fabrication process based on colloidal polystyrene (PS) nanosphere lithography for the fabrication of such AR structures on arbitrarily [...] Read more.
Antireflective (AR) nanostructures offer an effective, broadband alternative to conventional AR coatings that could be used even under extreme conditions. In this publication, a possible fabrication process based on colloidal polystyrene (PS) nanosphere lithography for the fabrication of such AR structures on arbitrarily shaped fused silica substrates is presented and evaluated. Special emphasis is placed on the involved manufacturing steps in order to be able to produce tailored and effective structures. An improved Langmuir-Blodgett self-assembly lithography technique enabled the deposition of 200 nm PS spheres on curved surfaces, independent of shape or material-specific characteristics such as hydrophobicity. The AR structures were fabricated on planar fused silica wafers and aspherical planoconvex lenses. Broadband AR structures with losses (reflection + transmissive scattering) of <1% per surface in the spectral range of 750–2000 nm were produced. At the best performance level, losses were less than 0.5%, which corresponds to an improvement factor of 6.7 compared to unstructured reference substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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12 pages, 6805 KiB  
Article
Design of 2 μm Low-Loss Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fibers
by Tianran Sun, Xinyang Su, Fanchao Meng, Zaining Wang, Jiale Song, Chenglong Zhang, Tianjia Xu, Yunhong Zhang, Huaiwei Zhang, Mengdi Cui and Yi Zheng
Micromachines 2023, 14(6), 1198; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061198 - 05 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1545
Abstract
We systematically studied several of the most traditional hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) structures, with the aim of achieving low confinement loss, single-mode performance, and high insensitivity to bending in the 2 µm band. Moreover, the propagation loss of fundamental mode (FM), higher-order mode [...] Read more.
We systematically studied several of the most traditional hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) structures, with the aim of achieving low confinement loss, single-mode performance, and high insensitivity to bending in the 2 µm band. Moreover, the propagation loss of fundamental mode (FM), higher-order mode (HOMs), and the higher-order mode extinction ratio (HOMER) under different geometric parameters were studied. Analysis showed that the confinement loss of the six-tube nodeless hollow-core anti-resonant fiber at 2 µm was 0.042 dB/km, and its higher-order mode extinction ratio was higher than 9000. At the same time, a confinement loss of 0.040 dB/km at 2 µm was achieved in the five-tube nodeless hollow-core anti-resonant fiber, and its higher-order mode extinction ratio was higher than 2700. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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14 pages, 2777 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Flow Control over Optical Properties of Liquid Crystal–Quantum Dot Hybrids in Microfluidic Devices
by Artem Bezrukov and Yury Galyametdinov
Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 990; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14050990 - 30 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1504
Abstract
In this paper, we report developing approaches to tuning the optical behavior of microfluidic devices by infusing smart hybrids of liquid crystal and quantum dots into microchannel confinement. We characterize the optical responses of liquid crystal–quantum dot composites to polarized and UV light [...] Read more.
In this paper, we report developing approaches to tuning the optical behavior of microfluidic devices by infusing smart hybrids of liquid crystal and quantum dots into microchannel confinement. We characterize the optical responses of liquid crystal–quantum dot composites to polarized and UV light in single-phase microflows. In the range of flow velocities up to 10 mm/s, the flow modes of microfluidic devices were found to correlate with the orientation of liquid crystals, dispersion of quantum dots in homogeneous microflows and the resulting luminescence response of these dynamic systems to UV excitation. We developed a Matlab algorithm and script to quantify this correlation by performing an automated analysis of microscopy images. Such systems may have application potential as optically responsive sensing microdevices with integrated smart nanostructural components, parts of lab-on-a-chip logic circuits, or diagnostic tools for biomedical instruments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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10 pages, 2683 KiB  
Article
Miniature Fourier Transform Spectrometer Based on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate
by Lichao Zhang, Guangyang Gou, Jiamin Chen, Wangzhe Li, Weichao Ma, Ruoming Li, Junming An, Yue Wang, Yuanyuan Liu, Wei Yan, Tianjun Ma, Chunxiu Liu, Jianjun Cheng, Zhimei Qi and Ning Xue
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020458 - 15 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1437
Abstract
A miniature Fourier transform spectrometer is proposed using a thin-film lithium niobate electro-optical modulator instead of the conventional modulator made by titanium diffusion in lithium niobate. The modulator was fabricated by a contact lithography process, and its voltage-length and optical waveguide loss were [...] Read more.
A miniature Fourier transform spectrometer is proposed using a thin-film lithium niobate electro-optical modulator instead of the conventional modulator made by titanium diffusion in lithium niobate. The modulator was fabricated by a contact lithography process, and its voltage-length and optical waveguide loss were 2.26 V·cm and 1.01 dB/cm, respectively. Based on the wavelength dispersion of the half-wave voltage of the fabricated modulator, the emission spectrum of the input signal was retrieved by Fourier transform processing of the interferogram, and the analysis of the experimental data of monochromatic light shows that the proposed miniaturized FTS can effectively identify the input signal wavelength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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15 pages, 5838 KiB  
Article
Efficiency Enhancing Technique for Rod Fiber Picosecond Amplifiers with Optimal Mode Field Matching
by Danni Liu, Xiaojie Mao, Guojiang Bi, Tianqi Li, Dawei Zang and Ninghui Sun
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020450 - 15 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1204
Abstract
A high power and high quality picosecond laser is crucial in MEMS fabrication regarding micromachines. Optimal seed beam coupling is an important precondition to enhance laser efficiency. However, empirical coupling limits its development. In this paper, the physical parameters related to coupling are [...] Read more.
A high power and high quality picosecond laser is crucial in MEMS fabrication regarding micromachines. Optimal seed beam coupling is an important precondition to enhance laser efficiency. However, empirical coupling limits its development. In this paper, the physical parameters related to coupling are determined. The relationships among them are established under optical mode matching constraints to satisfy optimal seed beam coupling. According to a theoretical analysis, the focal length cut-off and the optimal coupling position of the coupling lens are acquired. A maximum transmittance of 87.2% is acquired with a 6 W input seed power in the validation experiment. In further power amplification experiments, a diffraction-limited beam quality is achieved, with M2X = 1.111, M2Y = 1.017, an optical efficiency of 60.5% and a slope efficiency of 66%, benefiting from the previous theoretical guidance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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10 pages, 9630 KiB  
Article
High−Accuracy Film−Integrated Optical Sensor for Real−Time Intraocular Pressure Monitoring
by Xiaobin Xu, Zixuan Liu, Liqiang Wang, Yifei Huang and He Yang
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020353 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1567
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a key indicator to evaluate the risk and status of glaucoma, which is one of the main causes of irreversible blindness. However, the IOP value is susceptible to circadian changes and is difficult to be measured real−time. In this [...] Read more.
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a key indicator to evaluate the risk and status of glaucoma, which is one of the main causes of irreversible blindness. However, the IOP value is susceptible to circadian changes and is difficult to be measured real−time. In this paper, we designed a thin−film integrated optical IOP sensor based on the interferometry principle, which could read out the IOP value by interference patterns and monitor the value changes real−time at the same time. The theoretical and experimental results indicated that our sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 0.19 μm/mmHg and an average accuracy of 0.84 mmHg over the pressure range of 0–45 mmHg, which is comparable with the other reported optical systems but with the advantage of easier fabrication process and low−cost. Our sensor device implies great potential in the application of human physiological index measurement and other chip−integrated medical sensing instruments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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9 pages, 18390 KiB  
Article
Tailoring the Topological Charge of a Superposition of Identical Parallel Laguerre–Gaussian Beams
by Victor V. Kotlyar, Alexey A. Kovalev, Elena S. Kozlova and Alexandra A. Savelyeva
Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2227; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122227 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1097
Abstract
In optical computing machines, data can be transmitted by optical vortices, and the information can be encoded by their topological charges. Thus, some optical mechanisms are needed for performing simple arithmetic operations with the topological charges. Here, a superposition of several parallel identical [...] Read more.
In optical computing machines, data can be transmitted by optical vortices, and the information can be encoded by their topological charges. Thus, some optical mechanisms are needed for performing simple arithmetic operations with the topological charges. Here, a superposition of several parallel identical Laguerre–Gaussian beams with single rings is studied. It is analytically and numerically shown that if the weighting coefficients of the superposition are real, then the total topological charge of the superposition is equal to the topological charge of each component in the initial plane and in the far field. We prove that the total topological charge of the superposition can be changed by the phase delay between the beams. In the numerical simulation, we demonstrate the incrementing and decrementing the topological charge. Potential application areas are in optical computing machines and optical data transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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9 pages, 1495 KiB  
Article
Metasurfaces Assisted Twisted α-MoO3 for Spinning Thermal Radiation
by Yasong Sun, Derui Zhang, Biyuan Wu, Haotuo Liu, Bing Yang and Xiaohu Wu
Micromachines 2022, 13(10), 1757; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101757 - 17 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
Spinning thermal radiation has demonstrated applications in engineering, such as radiation detection and biosensing. In this paper, we propose a new spin thermal radiation emitter composed of the twisted bilayer α-MoO3 metasurface; in our study, it provided more degrees of freedom to [...] Read more.
Spinning thermal radiation has demonstrated applications in engineering, such as radiation detection and biosensing. In this paper, we propose a new spin thermal radiation emitter composed of the twisted bilayer α-MoO3 metasurface; in our study, it provided more degrees of freedom to control circular dichroism by artificially modifying the filling factor of the metasurface. In addition, circular dichroism was significantly enhanced by introducing a new degree of freedom (filling factor), with a value that could reach 0.9. Strong-spin thermal radiation resulted from the polarization conversion of circularly polarized waves using the α-MoO3 metasurface and selective transmission of linearly polarized waves by the substrate. This allowed for extra flexible control of spinning thermal radiation and significantly enhanced circular dichroism, which promises applications in biosensing and radiation detection. As a result of their unique properties, hyperbolic materials have applications not only in spin thermal radiation, but also in areas such as near-field thermal radiation. In this study, hyperbolic materials were combined with metasurfaces to offer a new idea regarding modulating near-field radiative heat transfer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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11 pages, 11490 KiB  
Article
Design of Compact and Broadband Polarization Beam Splitters Based on Surface Plasmonic Resonance in Photonic Crystal Fibers
by Chao Mei, Yuan Wu, Jinhui Yuan, Shi Qiu and Xian Zhou
Micromachines 2022, 13(10), 1663; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101663 - 03 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1227
Abstract
In this work, a polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on surface plasmonic resonance is proposed and realized in a designed photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The PCF consists of two kinds of air holes with different diameters. Two solid silica cores near the center [...] Read more.
In this work, a polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on surface plasmonic resonance is proposed and realized in a designed photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The PCF consists of two kinds of air holes with different diameters. Two solid silica cores near the center of the PCF are established by removing the cladding air holes. A gold film is plated at the external surface of the central air hole of the PCF to excite the surface plasmonic resonance. In order to minimize the length and improve the operation bandwidth of the PBS, the influences of the transversal structural parameters of the PCF are investigated in the context of both X and Y polarization beams. It was found that a 123.6-μm-long PBS with an operation bandwidth of 314 nm could be realized after the global optimization of five structural parameters. The proposed PBS may have potential applications in micro-/nano-optical systems for sensing and communications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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Review

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15 pages, 3689 KiB  
Review
Hardware Error Correction for MZI-Based Matrix Computation
by Huihuang Hou, Pengfei Xu, Zhiping Zhou and Hui Su
Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14050955 - 27 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1329
Abstract
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the electronic system has fallen short of providing the needed computation speed. It is believed that silicon-based optoelectronic computation may be a solution, where Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based matrix computation is the key due to its advantages [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the electronic system has fallen short of providing the needed computation speed. It is believed that silicon-based optoelectronic computation may be a solution, where Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based matrix computation is the key due to its advantages of simple implementation and easy integration on a silicon wafer, but one of the concerns is the precision of the MZI method in the actual computation. This paper will identify the main hardware error sources of MZI-based matrix computation, summarize the available hardware error correction methods from the perspective of the entire MZI meshes and a single MZI device, and propose a new architecture that will largely improve the precision of MZI-based matrix computation without increasing the size of the MZI’s mesh, which may lead to a fast and accurate optoelectronic computing system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Photonics and Optoelectronics)
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