Impact of Macronutrients on Metabolism

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 June 2024 | Viewed by 1386

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
Interests: public health; nutritional epidemiology; metabolic health; protein intake; intervention studies; cohort studies; systematic reviews

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Poor metabolic health is often captured by the metabolic syndrome, which is considered a combination of metabolic dysfunctions including unfavorable blood glucose levels, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), blood pressure and abdominal obesity. It is associated with a number of chronic health conditions and is established as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and some cancers.
In this context, diet plays an important role in primary and secondary prevention, but when it comes to the ideal distribution of macronutrients, the literature is inconclusive. A diet high in carbohydrates has frequently been associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Some studies conclude that replacing carbohydrates with any fat, particularly polyunsaturated fat, will improve metabolic functions. Positive effects are assumed for protein with increased intake.

What studies of carbohydrates, fats and protein have in common is an increasing emphasis on the role of quality and source, suggesting different metabolic responses by subgroups of macronutrients. This makes coming to an overall conclusion and the formulation of nutritional recommendations even more difficult.
The aim of this Special Issue is to elucidate the role of macronutrient intake, their combinations and interactions in the diet on the pathway to metabolic function and dysfunction. Authors are invited to submit original research or systematic reviews examining one of the following aspects:

  • Identification of pathways that explain the association between macronutrient intake and metabolic response/health (common markers of metabolic health, metabolomic approaches, metabolic disease risk)
  • Acute or chronic metabolic response after intake of certain macronutrients
  • The role of dietary macronutrient combinations and substitutions
  • The relevance of macronutrient source and quality
  • Recent findings from longitudinal studies or randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews and meta-analyses are highly appreciated and warmly welcomed.

Dr. Janine Wirth
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • carbohydrate intake
  • dietary protein
  • chronic metabolic response

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 578 KiB  
Article
Association between Protein Intake and Diabetes Complications Risk Following Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-Potsdam Study
by Elif Inan-Eroglu, Olga Kuxhaus, Franziska Jannasch, Daniela V. Nickel and Matthias B. Schulze
Metabolites 2024, 14(3), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14030172 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 948
Abstract
Our knowledge about the connection between protein intake and diabetes-related complications comes largely from studies among those already diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is a lack of information on whether changing protein intake after diabetes diagnosis affects complications risk. We [...] Read more.
Our knowledge about the connection between protein intake and diabetes-related complications comes largely from studies among those already diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is a lack of information on whether changing protein intake after diabetes diagnosis affects complications risk. We aimed to explore the association between protein intake (total, animal, and plant) and vascular complications in incident T2D patients considering pre-diagnosis intake and changes in intake after diagnosis. This prospective cohort study included 1064 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort who developed T2D during follow-up (physician-verified). Dietary protein intake was measured with a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. We included physician-reported incident diabetes complications (myocardial infarction, stroke, nephropathy, and neuropathy). A total of 388 participants developed complications, 82 macrovascular complications, and 343 microvascular complications. Substituting carbohydrates with protein showed a trend towards lower complications risk, although this association was not statistically significant (hazard ratio (HR) for 5% energy (E) substitution: 0.83; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.60–1.14). Increasing protein intake at the expense of carbohydrates after diabetes diagnosis was not associated with total and microvascular complications (HR for 5% E change substitution: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.89–1.08 and HR for 5% E change substitution: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.92–1.14, respectively). Replacing carbohydrates with protein did not elevate the risk of diabetes complications in incident T2D cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Macronutrients on Metabolism)
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