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Metabolites
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Advances in Cardiometabolic Research
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Advances in Cardiometabolic Research

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Clinical Metabolic Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 8723

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Antonio Cittadini

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Guest Editor
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University Hospital and School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular endocrinology; heart failure; diabetes; clinical metabolic research
Dr. Roberta D'Assante

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University Hospital and School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular endocrinology; heart failure; biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases is gaining increasing attention in the clinical and pharmaceutical arena. The latest advances in scientific research have made it possible to develop novel clinical tools and improve primary prevention and treatment in order to reduce cardiovascular risk. Against this challenging landscape, a great deal of work still needs to be done.

A step in the right direction has been taken by shedding new light on the wide range of cardiovascular and endocrine alterations that contribute to the impact on the pathophysiology and prognosis of patients affected with this multifactorial disease.

This could be achieved through the identification of new common pathways within various cardiometabolic diseases, and new biomarkers that can help with diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

The aim of the current Special Issue is to provide a holistic and multidisciplinary view of the different aspects of cardiometabolic diseases, and to identify a common approach to improve patient care and life expectancy.

Manuscripts from different research areas, ranging from basic to clinical research, are highly desired.

Prof. Dr. Antonio Cittadini
Dr. Roberta D'Assante
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiometabolic disease
  • metabolism
  • cardiovascular disease
  • cardiovascular risk
  • endocrinology
  • biomarkers
  • diabetes

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 667 KiB  
Article
Associations of Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference among General Korean Adults
by Hack-Lyoung Kim, Hyun Sung Joh, Woo-Hyun Lim, Jae-Bin Seo, Sang-Hyun Kim, Joo-Hee Zo and Myung-A Kim
Metabolites 2023, 13(10), 1082; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101082 - 15 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1005
Abstract
The correlation between body fat parameters and arterial stiffness is still under debate. This study aimed to examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV). We utilized data from 14,228 subjects (mean age [...] Read more.
The correlation between body fat parameters and arterial stiffness is still under debate. This study aimed to examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV). We utilized data from 14,228 subjects (mean age 53.4 ± 16.8 years; 56.9% were female) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The ePWV was calculated using a formula based on age and blood pressure. Simple linear correlation analyses revealed significant associations between both BMI and ePWV (r = 0.098; p < 0.001) and WC and ePWV (r = 0.291; p < 0.001), with a stronger correlation observed between WC and ePWV. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that WC remained significantly associated with ePWV after adjusting for potential confounders (β = 0.020; p = 0.001). However, a statistically significant association was not found between BMI and ePWV (β = 0.011; p = 0.076). Multiple binary logistic regression analysis further indicated that both higher BMI and WC were independently associated with higher ePWV, but the association was more pronounced between WC and ePWV than between BMI and ePWV. These findings underscore a stronger correlation between visceral obesity (as indicated by WC) and arterial stiffness (as indicated by ePWV) compared to overall obesity (as indicated by BMI). This highlights the potential significance of abdominal obesity in assessing cardiovascular risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiometabolic Research)
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12 pages, 1785 KiB  
Article
Liver Fat Storage Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease than Visceral Fat
by Maamoun Basheer, Elias Saad, Helena Jeries and Nimer Assy
Metabolites 2023, 13(8), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13080896 - 28 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1023
Abstract
Fatty liver is one aspect of metabolic syndrome. The roles and contributions of fatty liver and visceral fat storage to coronary artery disease (CAD) are not clear. This study measured associations among visceral fat storage, fatty liver, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and CAD. Patients [...] Read more.
Fatty liver is one aspect of metabolic syndrome. The roles and contributions of fatty liver and visceral fat storage to coronary artery disease (CAD) are not clear. This study measured associations among visceral fat storage, fatty liver, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and CAD. Patients were divided into three groups: excess visceral fat (visceral fat area >330 ± 99 cm2), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and a control group. The definition of fatty liver is liver minus spleen density greater than or equal to −10. We defined early atherosclerosis as intima–media thickness of the common carotid artery >7 mm in men and >0.65 mm in women, measured with Doppler ultrasound. Visceral fat area was defined using CT (>330 ± 99 cm2). Insulin-resistance biomarkers (HOMA), CRP, and oxidant–antioxidant status (MDA-Paraoxonase) were also measured. Patients with high liver or visceral fat showed higher coronary plaque prevalence (50% (p < 0.001), 38% (p < 0.01), respectively vs. 25% in the control group), higher prevalence of coronary stenosis (30% (p < 0.001), 22% (p < 0.01) vs. 11% in the control group), higher intimal thickening (0.98 ± 0.3 (p< 0.01), 0.86 ± 0.1 (p < 0.01) vs. 0.83 ± 0.1 in the control group), higher HOMA (4.0 ± 3.0 (p < 0.005), 3.0 ± 1.0 (p < 0.001) vs. 1.5 ± 1.2 in the control group), and higher triglyceride levels (196.8 ± 103 (p < 0.005), 182.6 ± 90.87 (p < 0.005) vs. 145 ± 60 in the control group). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that fatty liver predicted CAD (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3–4.9, p < 0.001) independently of visceral fat storage (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.2–2.8, p < 0.001). Liver fat storage is a strong independent risk factor for CAD and carotid atherosclerosis and contributes more than visceral fat storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiometabolic Research)
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15 pages, 1077 KiB  
Article
Influence of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts on Blood Aminothiols in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
by Alexander Vladimirovich Ivanov, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Popov, Arkady Andreevich Metelkin, Valery Vasil’evich Aleksandrin, Evgeniy Gennad’evich Agafonov, Maria Petrovna Kruglova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Silina, Victor Aleksandrovich Stupin, Ruslan Andreevich Maslennikov and Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev
Metabolites 2023, 13(6), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13060743 - 10 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1126
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) are associated with a decreased blood glutathione (bGSH) level. Since GSH metabolism is closely related to other aminothiols (homocysteine and cysteine) and glucose, the aim of this study was to reveal the [...] Read more.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) are associated with a decreased blood glutathione (bGSH) level. Since GSH metabolism is closely related to other aminothiols (homocysteine and cysteine) and glucose, the aim of this study was to reveal the associations of bGSH with glucose and plasma aminothiols in CAD patients (N = 35) before CABG and in the early postoperative period. Forty-three volunteers with no history of cardiovascular disease formed the control group. bGSH and its redox status were significantly lower in CAD patients at admission. CABG had no significant effect on these parameters, with the exception of an increase in the bGSH/hemoglobin ratio. At admission, CAD patients were characterized by negative associations of homocysteine and cysteine with bGSH. All these associations disappeared after CABG. An association was found between an increase in oxidized GSH in the blood in the postoperative period and fasting glucose levels. Thus, CAD is associated with the depletion of the intracellular pool and the redox status of bGSH, in which hyperhomocysteinemia and a decrease in the bioavailability of the extracellular pool of cysteine play a role. The present study indicates that CABG causes disruptions in aminothiol metabolism and induces the synthesis of bGSH. Moreover, glucose becomes an important factor in the dysregulation of GSH metabolism in CABG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiometabolic Research)
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21 pages, 887 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Signatures Elucidate the Effect of Body Mass Index on Type 2 Diabetes
by Qiuling Dong, Sidra Sidra, Christian Gieger, Rui Wang-Sattler, Wolfgang Rathmann, Cornelia Prehn, Jerzy Adamski, Wolfgang Koenig, Annette Peters, Harald Grallert and Sapna Sharma
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020227 - 03 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2209
Abstract
Obesity plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes, but the molecular mechanism that links obesity and diabetes is still not completely understood. Here, we used 146 targeted metabolomic profiles from the German KORA FF4 cohort consisting of 1715 [...] Read more.
Obesity plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes, but the molecular mechanism that links obesity and diabetes is still not completely understood. Here, we used 146 targeted metabolomic profiles from the German KORA FF4 cohort consisting of 1715 participants and associated them with obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the basic model, 83 and 51 metabolites were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) and T2D, respectively. Those metabolites are branched-chain amino acids, acylcarnitines, lysophospholipids, or phosphatidylcholines. In the full model, 42 and 3 metabolites were significantly associated with BMI and T2D, respectively, and replicate findings in the previous studies. Sobel mediation testing suggests that the effect of BMI on T2D might be mediated via lipids such as sphingomyelin (SM) C16:1, SM C18:1 and diacylphosphatidylcholine (PC aa) C38:3. Moreover, mendelian randomization suggests a causal relationship that BMI causes the change of SM C16:1 and PC aa C38:3, and the change of SM C16:1, SM C18:1, and PC aa C38:3 contribute to T2D incident. Biological pathway analysis in combination with genetics and mice experiments indicate that downregulation of sphingolipid or upregulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolism is a causal factor in early-stage T2D pathophysiology. Our findings indicate that metabolites like SM C16:1, SM C18:1, and PC aa C38:3 mediate the effect of BMI on T2D and elucidate their role in obesity related T2D pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiometabolic Research)
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13 pages, 985 KiB  
Article
The Importance of HDL-Cholesterol and Fat-Free Percentage as Protective Markers in Risk Factor Hierarchy for Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
by Ivona Mitu, Cristina-Daniela Dimitriu, Cristina Preda, Ovidiu Mitu, Irina-Iuliana Costache, Radu-Ștefan Miftode and Manuela Ciocoiu
Metabolites 2022, 12(12), 1217; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121217 - 04 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1233
Abstract
This research focused on establishing a hierarchy concerning the influence of various biological markers and body composition parameters on preventing, diagnosing and managing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Our cross-sectional cohort study included 104 subjects without any atherosclerotic antecedent pathology, organized in two groups (with [...] Read more.
This research focused on establishing a hierarchy concerning the influence of various biological markers and body composition parameters on preventing, diagnosing and managing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Our cross-sectional cohort study included 104 subjects without any atherosclerotic antecedent pathology, organized in two groups (with and without MetS). All participants underwent clinical and anthropometric measurements, DEXA investigation and blood tests for all MetS criteria, together with adiponectin, leptin, insulin, uric acid and CRP. Based on mathematical logic, we calculated a normalized sensitivity score to compare the predictive power of biomarkers and parameters associated with MetS, upon the prevalence of MetS. Patients with MetS report higher levels of uric acid (p = 0.02), CRP (p = 0.012) and lower levels of adiponectin (p = 0.025) than patients without MetS. The top three biological markers with the highest predictive power of the prevalence of the disease are HDL, insulin, and adiponectin:leptin ratio, and the top three body composition parameters are trunk fat-free percentage, waist-height ratio and trunk fat percentage. Their high sensitivity scores differentiate them from all the other markers analysed in the study. Our findings report relevant scores for estimating the importance of cardiometabolic risks in the prevalence of MetS. The high rank of protective markers, HDL and trunk fat-free percentage, suggest that positive effects have a stronger association with the prevalence of MetS, than negative ones do. Therefore, this risk stratification study provides important support for prevention and management programs regarding MetS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiometabolic Research)
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25 pages, 2647 KiB  
Systematic Review
Distinctive Signs of Disease as Deterrents for the Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review
by Francesco Nappi and Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh
Metabolites 2023, 13(3), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030430 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1478
Abstract
Endothelial integrity plays a major role in homeostasis and is responsive to the numerous endogenous factors released. While its functional role in vascular tone is well described, its role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is of interest as a potential therapeutic target. [...] Read more.
Endothelial integrity plays a major role in homeostasis and is responsive to the numerous endogenous factors released. While its functional role in vascular tone is well described, its role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is of interest as a potential therapeutic target. We performed a systematic review to provide an overview of new therapeutic and diagnostic targets for the treatment of coronary artery disease related to endothelial dysfunction. Databases of PubMed, Ovid’s version of MEDLINE, and EMBASE were interrogated with appropriate search terms. Inclusion criteria have been met by 28 studies that were included in the final systematic review. We identified inflammation, pulmonary hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Fabry disease as pathophysiological mechanisms and explored the therapeutic options related to these conditions including medications such as Canakinumab. Endothelial dysfunction has a key role in several different pathophysiological processes which can be targeted for therapeutic options. Ongoing research should be targeted at making the transition to clinical practice. Further research is also needed on understanding the amelioration of endothelial dysfunction with the use of cardiovascular medications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiometabolic Research)
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