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Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2020) | Viewed by 50263

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Wolfram Fürbeth

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Interests: corrosion; corrosion protection; corrosion testing; coatings; nanocoatings; sol-gel coatings; self-healing; anodising; plasma-electrolytic oxidation; electrochemical corrosion investigations; scanning Kelvin probe; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Corrosion is an important issue in many industrial fields. It leads to high economic losses of 3–4% of the GDP of an industrialized country year by year. Adequate corrosion protection is therefore essential in many applications. Among others, coatings are by far the most important technology for the corrosion protection of metallic surfaces.

In recent years, the very traditional field of coatings for corrosion protection has gained a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of protective action and corrosion mechanisms of and under protective coatings. This was necessary due to emerging environmental and health issues for some well-established compounds used in former coating systems, e.g., lead or chromates, that have been banned from industrial application. This has also led to a large amount of research in the field of advanced coating systems for corrosion protection.

This situation is the case for all the different types of protective coatings that are typically used. Novel metallic coatings, e.g., novel zinc alloys, are under development as well as novel pretreatment systems or passivating chemicals that avoid the use of chromates. The rise chemical nanotechnology has fostered the development of hybrid or inorganic sol-gel coatings, as well as nanoparticles and nanocapsules to be used as fillers in coating systems. This has also led to the development of novel self-healing and smart coatings. Furthermore, today, bio-based substances are increasingly used for organic coatings. Last but not least, new anodizing processes have also been developed in the frame of increased use of light metals for lightweight construction.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript on any of these types of advanced coatings for corrosion protection for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Wolfram Fürbeth
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metallic coatings
  • anodizing layers
  • sol-gel coatings
  • pretreatments
  • organic coatings
  • self-healing coatings
  • bio-based coatings

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Published Papers (17 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 170 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue: Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection
by Wolfram Fürbeth
Materials 2020, 13(15), 3401; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13153401 - 01 Aug 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2506
Abstract
Corrosion is an important issue in many industrial fields. Among others, coatings are by far the most important technology for corrosion protection of metallic surfaces. The special issue “Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection” has been launched as a means to present recent developments [...] Read more.
Corrosion is an important issue in many industrial fields. Among others, coatings are by far the most important technology for corrosion protection of metallic surfaces. The special issue “Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection” has been launched as a means to present recent developments on any type of advanced coatings for corrosion protection. Fifteen contributions have been collected on metallic, inorganic, polymeric and nanoparticle enhanced coatings providing corrosion protection as well as partly other functionalities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Other

14 pages, 1745 KiB  
Article
Alternative to Nitric Acid Passivation of 15-5 and 17-4PH Stainless Steel Using Electrochemical Techniques
by María Lara-Banda, Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio, Patricia Zambrano-Robledo, Marisol Delgado-E, José A. Cabral-Miramontes, Demetrio Nieves-Mendoza, Erick Maldonado-Bandala, Francisco Estupiñan-López, José G. Chacón-Nava and Facundo Almeraya-Calderón
Materials 2020, 13(12), 2836; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122836 - 24 Jun 2020
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4519 | Correction
Abstract
Increasingly stringent environmental regulations in different sectors of industry, especially the aeronautical sector, suggest the need for more investigations regarding the effect of environmentally friendly corrosion protective processes. Passivation is a finishing process that makes stainless steels more rust resistant, removing free iron [...] Read more.
Increasingly stringent environmental regulations in different sectors of industry, especially the aeronautical sector, suggest the need for more investigations regarding the effect of environmentally friendly corrosion protective processes. Passivation is a finishing process that makes stainless steels more rust resistant, removing free iron from the steel surface resulting from machining operations. This results in the formation of a protective oxide layer that is less likely to react with the environment and cause corrosion. The most commonly used passivating agent is nitric acid. However, it is know that high levels of toxicity can be generated by using this agent. In this work, a study has been carried out into the electrochemical behavior of 15-5PH (precipitation hardening) and 17-4PH stainless steels passivated with (a) citric and (b) nitric acid solutions for 60 and 90 min at 49 °C, and subsequently exposed to an environment with chlorides. Two electrochemical techniques were used: electrochemical noise (EN) and potentiodynamic polarization curves (PPC) according to ASTM G199-09 and ASTM G5-13, respectively. The results obtained indicated that, for both types of steel, the passive layer formed in citric acid as passivating solution had very similar characteristics to that formed with nitric acid. Furthermore, after exposure to the chloride-containing solution and according with the localization index (LI) values obtained, the stainless steels passivated in citric acid showed a mixed type of corrosion, whereas the steels passivated in nitric acid showed localized corrosion. Overall, the results of the R n values derived show very low and similar corrosion rates for the stainless steels passivated with both citric and nitric acid solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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11 pages, 5248 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Erosion–Corrosion Resistance of Tungsten by Carburizing Using Spark Plasma Sintering Technique
by Yan Jiang, Junfeng Yang, Zhuoming Xie and Qianfeng Fang
Materials 2020, 13(12), 2719; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122719 - 15 Jun 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2274
Abstract
The biggest obstacle for the application of tungsten as the target materials in the spallation neutron source is its serious corrosion in the coolant of flowing water. For this reason, W–Cr–C clad tungsten was developed by tungsten carburizing in a spark plasma sintering [...] Read more.
The biggest obstacle for the application of tungsten as the target materials in the spallation neutron source is its serious corrosion in the coolant of flowing water. For this reason, W–Cr–C clad tungsten was developed by tungsten carburizing in a spark plasma sintering device, with superior corrosion resistance in the static immersion and electrochemical corrosion test. This work focused on its erosion and corrosion performance in a flowing water system, based upon test parameters simulated under the service conditions. W–Cr–C clad tungsten showed superior corrosion resistance to that of bare tungsten due to the corrosion form changing from the intergranular corrosion of bare tungsten to pitting corrosion of W–Cr–C coating. The corrosion rate of tungsten was as high as tenfold that of the coated sample at 20 °C, and at most fourfold at 60 °C after testing for 360 h. Effects of water velocity and temperature on pitting and intergranular corrosion were investigated in detail and their corresponding corrosion mechanisms were analyzed and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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9 pages, 3309 KiB  
Article
Investigations of the Deuterium Permeability of As-Deposited and Oxidized Ti2AlN Coatings
by Lukas Gröner, Lukas Mengis, Mathias Galetz, Lutz Kirste, Philipp Daum, Marco Wirth, Frank Meyer, Alexander Fromm, Bernhard Blug and Frank Burmeister
Materials 2020, 13(9), 2085; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092085 - 01 May 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3814
Abstract
Aluminum containing Mn+1AXn (MAX) phase materials have attracted increasing attention due to their corrosion resistance, a pronounced self-healing effect and promising diffusion barrier properties for hydrogen. We synthesized Ti2AlN coatings on ferritic steel substrates by physical vapor deposition [...] Read more.
Aluminum containing Mn+1AXn (MAX) phase materials have attracted increasing attention due to their corrosion resistance, a pronounced self-healing effect and promising diffusion barrier properties for hydrogen. We synthesized Ti2AlN coatings on ferritic steel substrates by physical vapor deposition of alternating Ti- and AlN-layers followed by thermal annealing. The microstructure developed a {0001}-texture with platelet-like shaped grains. To investigate the oxidation behavior, the samples were exposed to a temperature of 700 °C in a muffle furnace. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiles revealed the formation of oxide scales, which consisted mainly of dense and stable α-Al2O3. The oxide layer thickness increased with a time dependency of ~t1/4. Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) scans revealed a diffusion of Al from the coating into the substrate. Steel membranes with as-deposited Ti2AlN and partially oxidized Ti2AlN coatings were used for permeation tests. The permeation of deuterium from the gas phase was measured in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) permeation cell by mass spectrometry at temperatures of 30–400 °C. We obtained a permeation reduction factor (PRF) of 45 for a pure Ti2AlN coating and a PRF of ~3700 for the oxidized sample. Thus, protective coatings, which prevent hydrogen-induced corrosion, can be achieved by the proper design of Ti2AlN coatings with suitable oxide scale thicknesses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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18 pages, 7208 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Laser Power on the Properties of M3B2-Type Boride-Based Cermet Coatings Prepared by Laser Cladding Synthesis
by Zhaowei Hu, Wenge Li and Yuantao Zhao
Materials 2020, 13(8), 1867; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081867 - 16 Apr 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2170
Abstract
Boride-based cermet can serve as a good protective coating for low-corrosion and wear-resistant materials, such as carbon steels, due to their mechanical and chemical properties. In this study, M3B2 (M: Mo, Ni, Fe, and Cr) boride-based cermet coatings were fabricated [...] Read more.
Boride-based cermet can serve as a good protective coating for low-corrosion and wear-resistant materials, such as carbon steels, due to their mechanical and chemical properties. In this study, M3B2 (M: Mo, Ni, Fe, and Cr) boride-based cermet coatings were fabricated on Q235 steel with mixed powders of Mo, B, Ni60, and Cr by laser cladding synthesis, and the effects of laser power on the properties of the cermet layer were investigated. Three laser powers (2200, 2500, and 2800 W) were used at the same scanning speed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed that all the coatings were composed of M3B2-type borides and {Fe, Ni} alloys. The micro-hardness, corrosion, and frictional experiments showed that the cermet coatings enhanced the corresponding performances of the Q235 steels at the three laser powers. However, the micro-hardness of the coatings decreased as the power increased, and the maximum micro-hardness value was 1166.3 HV (Vickers Hardness). The results of the corrosion and frictional experiments showed that the best performance was obtained at a laser power of 2500 W, followed by 2800 and 2200 W. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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15 pages, 2200 KiB  
Article
Material Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Cavitation Erosion and Corrosion Suppression in Water Hydraulic Valves
by Masoud Kamoleka Mlela, He Xu, Feng Sun, Haihang Wang and Gabriel Donald Madenge
Materials 2020, 13(2), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020453 - 17 Jan 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3071
Abstract
In the milestone of straggling to make water hydraulics more advantageous, the choice of coating polymer for water hydraulics valves plays an essential role in alleviating the impact of cavitation erosion and corrosion, and this is a critical task for designers. Fulfilling the [...] Read more.
In the milestone of straggling to make water hydraulics more advantageous, the choice of coating polymer for water hydraulics valves plays an essential role in alleviating the impact of cavitation erosion and corrosion, and this is a critical task for designers. Fulfilling the appropriate selection, we conflicted properties that are vital for erosion and corrosion inhibitors, as well as the tribology in the sense of coefficient of friction. This article aimed to choose the best alternative polymer for coating on the selected substrate, that is, Cr2O3, Al2O3, Ti2O3. By applying PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations), the best polymer obtained with an analyzed performance attribute is Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that comes up with higher outranking (0.5932052). A Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to identify the stronger bonding with the regards of the better cleave plane between Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and the selected substrate. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Al2O3 cleaved in (010) plane was observed to be the strongest bond in terms of binding energy (3188 kJ/mol) suitable for further studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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11 pages, 5049 KiB  
Article
Influence of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings on Stress Corrosion of AlMg6 Alloy
by Lesław Kyzioł and Aleksandr Komarov
Materials 2020, 13(2), 356; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020356 - 12 Jan 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2164
Abstract
This paper shows results of a study on the corrosion behavior of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings sampled from the AlMg6 alloy. The alloy was simultaneously subjected to a corrosive environment and static tensile stress. For comparative purposes, the tests were run for both [...] Read more.
This paper shows results of a study on the corrosion behavior of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings sampled from the AlMg6 alloy. The alloy was simultaneously subjected to a corrosive environment and static tensile stress. For comparative purposes, the tests were run for both coated samples and samples without coatings. The research was conducted at a properly prepared stand; the samples were placed in a glass container filled with 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution and stretched. Two levels of tensile stress were accepted for the samples: σ1 = 0.8R0.2 σ2 = R0.2, and the tests were run for two time intervals: t1 = 480 h and t2 = 1000 h. Prolonged stress corrosion tests (lasting up to 1000 h) showed that the samples covered with ceramic coatings demonstrated significantly higher corrosion resistance than the samples without the coatings. Protective properties of the coating could be explained by its structure. Surface pores were insignificant, and their depth was very limited. The porosity level of the main coating layer was 1%. Such a structure of coating and its phase composition provided high protective properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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11 pages, 7251 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Corrosion Behavior in Marine Environment of MAO Coatings on Magnesium Alloy
by Yuhong Yao, Wei Yang, Dongjie Liu, Wei Gao and Jian Chen
Materials 2020, 13(2), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020345 - 12 Jan 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2699
Abstract
To improve the corrosion performance of magnesium alloys in the marine environment, the MAO, MAO–Cu2CO3(OH)2·H2O and MAO–Cu2P2O7 ceramic coatings were deposited on AZ91D magnesium alloys in basic electrolyte and the [...] Read more.
To improve the corrosion performance of magnesium alloys in the marine environment, the MAO, MAO–Cu2CO3(OH)2·H2O and MAO–Cu2P2O7 ceramic coatings were deposited on AZ91D magnesium alloys in basic electrolyte and the discoloration mechanism of the Cu-doped MAO coatings and the corrosion behavior of the three MAO coatings in the artificial seawater solution were investigated by SEM, EDS and XPS. The results indicated that the formation and discoloration mechanism of the brown MAO ceramic coatings were attributable to the formation of Cu2O in the coatings. Though the three MAO coatings had a certain protective effect against the corrosion of AZ91D substrate in the artificial seawater, the distinctive stratification phenomenon was found on the MAO–Cu2P2O7 coated sample and the corrosion model of the MAO–Cu2P2O7 coatings in the immersion experiment was established. Therefore, the brown Cu-doped MAO coatings were speculated to significantly reduce the risk of the magnesium parts in marine environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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15 pages, 7024 KiB  
Article
Investigations on Aging Behavior and Mechanism of Polyurea Coating in Marine Atmosphere
by Kaiyuan Che, Ping Lyu, Fei Wan and Mingliang Ma
Materials 2019, 12(21), 3636; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12213636 - 05 Nov 2019
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 5008
Abstract
In this investigation, the aging behaviors of polyurea coating exposed to marine atmosphere for 150 days were studied and the mechanism was analyzed. The influences on surface and mechanical properties, surface morphology, thermal stability behavior, as well as chemical changes evolution of the [...] Read more.
In this investigation, the aging behaviors of polyurea coating exposed to marine atmosphere for 150 days were studied and the mechanism was analyzed. The influences on surface and mechanical properties, surface morphology, thermal stability behavior, as well as chemical changes evolution of the coating were investigated. By attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), changes in the chemical properties of polyurea coatings before (PCB) and after 150 d (PCA) of aging were analyzed, and emphasis was given to the effect of aging on functional group change, the hydrogen bonding behavior, and phase separated morphology. The results displayed prominent chain scission during aging, such as N–H, C=O, and C–O–C and the hydrogen bonded urea carbonyl content showed a decrease trend. The relative content of soft and hard segments showed a significant change, which increased the degree of phase separation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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15 pages, 4211 KiB  
Article
Mechanical and Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foams through Nano-Electrodeposited Composite Coatings
by Yiku Xu, Shuang Ma, Mingyuan Fan, Hongbang Zheng, Yongnan Chen, Xuding Song and Jianmin Hao
Materials 2019, 12(19), 3197; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193197 - 29 Sep 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2350
Abstract
This work aims to improve the properties of aluminum foams including the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by electrodepositing a SiC/TiN nanoparticles reinforced Ni–Mo coating on the substrate. The coatings were electrodeposited at different voltages, and the morphologies of the coating were detected [...] Read more.
This work aims to improve the properties of aluminum foams including the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by electrodepositing a SiC/TiN nanoparticles reinforced Ni–Mo coating on the substrate. The coatings were electrodeposited at different voltages, and the morphologies of the coating were detected by SEM (scanning electron microscope) to determine the most suitable voltage. We used XRD (x-ray diffraction) and TEM (transmission electron microscope) to analyze the structure of the coatings. The aluminum foams and the substrates on which the coatings were electrodeposited at a voltage of 6.0 V for different electrodeposition times were compressed on an MTS (an Electro-mechanical Universal Testing Machine) to detect the mechanical properties. The corrosion resistance before and after the electrodeposition experiment was also examined. The results showed that the coating effectively improved the mechanical properties. When the electrodeposition time was changed from 10 min to 40 min, the Wv of the aluminum foams increased from 0.852 J to 2.520 J and the σs increased from 1.06 MPa to 2.99 MPa. The corrosion resistance of the aluminum foams was significantly improved after being coated with the Ni–Mo–SiC–TiN nanocomposite coating. The self-corrosion potential, pitting potential, and potential for primary passivation were positively shifted by 294 mV, 99 mV, and 301 mV, respectively. The effect of nanoparticles on the corrosion resistance of the coatings is significant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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16 pages, 8951 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Zn-Al Diffusion Layer on 45 Steel Aided by Mechanical Energy
by Jianbin Tong, Yi Liang, Shicheng Wei, Hongyi Su, Bo Wang, Yuzhong Ren, Yunlong Zhou and Zhongqi Sheng
Materials 2019, 12(18), 3032; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12183032 - 18 Sep 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2905
Abstract
In harsh environments, the corrosion damage of steel structures and equipment is a serious threat to the operational safety of service. In this paper, a Zn-Al diffusion layer was fabricated on 45 steel by the Mechanical Energy Aided Diffusion Method (MEADM) at 450 [...] Read more.
In harsh environments, the corrosion damage of steel structures and equipment is a serious threat to the operational safety of service. In this paper, a Zn-Al diffusion layer was fabricated on 45 steel by the Mechanical Energy Aided Diffusion Method (MEADM) at 450 °C. The microstructure and composition, the surface topography, and the electrochemical performance of the Zn-Al diffusion layer were analyzed before and after corrosion. The results show that the Zn-Al diffusion layer are composed of Al2O3 and Γ1 phase (Fe11Zn40) and δ1 phase (FeZn6.67, FeZn8.87, and FeZn10.98) Zn-Fe alloy. There is a transition zone with the thickness of about 5 μm at the interface between the Zn-Al diffusion layer and the substrate, and a carbon-rich layer exists in this zone. The full immersion test and electrochemical test show that the compact corrosion products produced by the initial corrosion of the Zn-Al diffusion layer will firmly bond to the Zn-Al diffusion layer surface and fill the crack, which plays a role in preventing corrosion of the corrosive medium and reducing the corrosion rate of the Zn-Al diffusion layer. The salt spray test reveals that the initial corrosion products of the Zn-Al diffusion layer are mainly ZnO and Zn5(OH)8Cl2H2O. New corrosion products such as ZnAl2O4, FeOCl appear at the middle corrosion stage. The corrosion product ZnAl2O4 disappears, and the corrosion products Zn(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 appear at the later corrosion stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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15 pages, 8593 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Ni-Fe-Co-P Alloy Coating Containing Nano-CeO2 Particles in NaCl Solution
by Xiuqing Fu, Wenke Ma, Shuanglu Duan, Qingqing Wang and Jinran Lin
Materials 2019, 12(16), 2614; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12162614 - 16 Aug 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2783
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nano-CeO2 particles doping on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of pure Ni-Fe-Co-P alloy coating, Ni-Fe-Co-P-CeO2 composite coating is prepared on the surface of 45 steel by scanning electrodeposition. The morphology, composition, and phase structure of [...] Read more.
In order to study the effect of nano-CeO2 particles doping on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of pure Ni-Fe-Co-P alloy coating, Ni-Fe-Co-P-CeO2 composite coating is prepared on the surface of 45 steel by scanning electrodeposition. The morphology, composition, and phase structure of the composite coating are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion behavior of the coatings with different concentrations of nano-CeO2 particles in 50 g/L NaCl solution is studied by Tafel polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion mechanism is discussed. The experimental results show that the obtained Ni-Fe-Co-P-CeO2 composite coating is amorphous, and the addition of nano-CeO2 particles increases the mass fraction of P. With the increase of the concentration of nano-CeO2 particles in the plating solution, the surface flatness of the coating increases. The surface of Ni-Fe-Co-P-1 g/L CeO2 composite coating is uniform and dense, and its self-corrosion potential is the most positive; the corrosion current and corrosion rate are the smallest, and the charge transfer resistance is the largest, showing the best corrosion resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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15 pages, 7929 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Resistance and Apatite-Forming Ability of Composite Coatings formed on Mg–Al–Zn–Ca Alloys
by Anawati Anawati, Hidetaka Asoh and Sachiko Ono
Materials 2019, 12(14), 2262; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142262 - 14 Jul 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2441
Abstract
The properties of composite coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) were affected by the alloy composition. The corrosion resistance and apatite-forming ability of PEO coatings formed on Mg–6Al–1Zn–xCa alloys with a variation of Ca content were investigated. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance [...] Read more.
The properties of composite coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) were affected by the alloy composition. The corrosion resistance and apatite-forming ability of PEO coatings formed on Mg–6Al–1Zn–xCa alloys with a variation of Ca content were investigated. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed an order magnitude improvement of corrosion resistance in the AZ61 alloy as a result of the coating. A higher enhancement in polarization resistance was obtained in the Mg–6Al–1Zn–1Ca and Mg–6Al–1Zn–2Ca alloys due to thicker coatings were formed as a result of the incorporation of calcium oxide/hydroxide. However, the underlying substrates were more prone to localized corrosion with increasing Ca content. The microstructure investigation revealed an enlargement in precipitates (Al2Ca, Mg2Ca) sizes with increasing Ca content in the alloys. The growth of larger size precipitates increased the danger to micro galvanic corrosion. Apatite layers were formed on all of the coatings indicating high apatite-forming ability, but the layers formed on the Mg–6Al–1Zn–1Ca and Mg–6Al–1Zn–2Ca alloys contained higher Mg, possibly due to the accumulation of corrosion product, than that on the Mg–6Al–1Zn alloy. The alloying element Ca should be limited to 1 wt.% as the excess tended to degrade the corrosion resistance and apatite-forming ability of the PEO coating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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11 pages, 4167 KiB  
Article
Mechanically Robust and Repairable Superhydrophobic Zinc Coating via a Fast and Facile Method for Corrosion Resisting
by Junfei Ou, Wenhui Zhu, Chan Xie and Mingshan Xue
Materials 2019, 12(11), 1779; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111779 - 31 May 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2506
Abstract
Zinc coatings and superhydrophobic surfaces have their own characteristics in terms of metal corrosion resistance. Herein, we have prepared a robust and repairable superhydrophobic zinc coating (SZC) based on a widely commercially available cold galvanized paint via a fast (within 10 min) and [...] Read more.
Zinc coatings and superhydrophobic surfaces have their own characteristics in terms of metal corrosion resistance. Herein, we have prepared a robust and repairable superhydrophobic zinc coating (SZC) based on a widely commercially available cold galvanized paint via a fast (within 10 min) and facile process for corrosion resistance. Specifically, the cold galvanized paint was sprayed onto the iron substrate, followed by acetic acid (HAc) etching and stearic acid (STA) hydrophobizing. The as-obtained sample was coded as Fe-Zn-HAc-STA and possessed an apparent contact angle of 168.4 ± 1.5° as well as a sliding angle of 3.5 ± 1.2°. The Fe-Zn-HAc-STA sample was mechanically durable and easily repairable. After being ultrasonicated in ethanol for 100 min, the superhydrophobicity was still retained. The Fe-Zn-HAc-STA sample lost its superhydrophobicity after being abraded against sandpaper with a load of 100 g and regained its superhydrophobicity after HAc etching and subsequent STA hydrophobizing. The corrosion resistance of the SZC was investigated by immersing the Fe-Zn-HAc-STA sample into the static or dynamic aqueous solution of NaCl (3.5 wt.%) and the lasting life of the entrapped underwater air layer (EUAL) was roughly determined by the turning point at the variation curve of surface wettability against immersion time. The lasting life of the EUAL iwas 8 to 10 days for the SZC in the static NaCl solution and it decreased sharply to 12 h in a dynamic one with the flow rate of 2 and 4 m/s. This suggests that the superhydrophobic surface provided extra corrosion protection of 8 to 10 days or 12 h to the zinc coating. We hope that the SZC may find its practical application due to the facile and fast fabrication procedure, the good mechanical durability, the easy repairability, and the good corrosion protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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8 pages, 2707 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Cathodic Protection Design for Pre-Insulated Pipeline in District Heating System Using Computational Simulation
by Min-Sung Hong, Yoon-Sik So and Jung-Gu Kim
Materials 2019, 12(11), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111761 - 30 May 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3408
Abstract
Cathodic protection (CP) has been used as a primary method in the control of corrosion, therefore it is regarded as the most effective way for protecting buried pipelines. However, it is difficult to apply CP to a pipeline for district heating distribution systems, [...] Read more.
Cathodic protection (CP) has been used as a primary method in the control of corrosion, therefore it is regarded as the most effective way for protecting buried pipelines. However, it is difficult to apply CP to a pipeline for district heating distribution systems, because the pipeline has thermally insulated coatings which could disturb the CP. Theoretical calculation and field tests alone are not enough for a reliable CP design, and therefore additional CP design methods such as computational analysis should be used. In this study, the CP design for pre-insulated pipelines is tested considering several environmental factors, such as temperature and coating defect ratio. Additionally, computational analysis is performed to verify and optimize the CP design. The simulation results based on theoretical methods alone failed to satisfy the CP criteria. Then, a re-design is conducted considering the IR drop. Consequently, all of the simulation results of defective pipelines satisfied the CP criteria after adding the proper CP current. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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13 pages, 4086 KiB  
Article
Lotus-Inspired Multiscale Superhydrophobic AA5083 Resisting Surface Contamination and Marine Corrosion Attack
by Binbin Zhang, Weichen Xu, Qingjun Zhu, Shuai Yuan and Yantao Li
Materials 2019, 12(10), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12101592 - 15 May 2019
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3456
Abstract
The massive and long-term service of 5083 aluminum alloy (AA5083) is restricted by several shortcomings in marine and industrial environments, such as proneness to localized corrosion attack, surface contamination, etc. Herein, we report a facile and cost-effective strategy to transform intrinsic hydrophilicity into [...] Read more.
The massive and long-term service of 5083 aluminum alloy (AA5083) is restricted by several shortcomings in marine and industrial environments, such as proneness to localized corrosion attack, surface contamination, etc. Herein, we report a facile and cost-effective strategy to transform intrinsic hydrophilicity into water-repellent superhydrophobicity, combining fluorine-free chemisorption of a hydrophobic agent with etching texture. Dual-scale hierarchical structure, surface height relief and surface chemical elements were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), successively. Detailed investigations of the wetting property, self-cleaning effect, NaCl-particle self-propelling, corrosion and long-term behavior of the consequent superhydrophobic AA5083 surface were carried out, demonstrating extremely low adhesivity and outstanding water-repellent, self-cleaning and corrosion-resisting performance with long-term stability. We believe that the low cost, scalable and fluorine-free transforming of metallic surface wettability into waterproof superhydrophobicity is a possible strategy towards anti-contamination and marine anti-corrosion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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2 pages, 190 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Lara-Banda, M., et al. Alternative to Nitric Acid Passivation of 15-5 and 17-4PH Stainless Steel Using Electrochemical Techniques. Materials 2020, 13, 2836
by María Lara-Banda, Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio, Patricia Zambrano-Robledo, Marisol Delgado-E, José A. Cabral-Miramontes, Demetrio Nieves-Mendoza, Erick Maldonado-Bandala, Francisco Estupiñan-López, José G. Chacón-Nava and Facundo Almeraya-Calderón
Materials 2020, 13(23), 5322; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235322 - 24 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1023
Abstract
The author wishes to make the following correction to this paper [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Corrosion Protection)
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