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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 14314

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jing Wang

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Guest Editor

School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Interests: biomaterials; tissue repair; inflammation; biocompatibility; proteins; interaction between materials and cells

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomaterials for tissue repair are constantly emerging; however, only a few of them really meet the requirements of clinical application. Therefore, biomaterials with high-performance properties (including composite components, spatial structure, porosity, degradation ability, surface morphology, and other physical and chemical properties on the interface) are urgently required.

Further, one major obstacle to the development of biomaterials is the imperfection of the mechanism for tissue repair induced by biomaterials. Recently, proteins, especially certain effective peptides, are used to modify biomaterials and, thus, to mediate the interaction between biomaterials and tissue cells in order to promote the repair process. However, the interaction between biomaterials and proteins or other biological molecules is little known. Advanced methods and outstanding experimental design are needed to break through this choke point.

This Special Issue aims to present recent advanced biomaterials for tissue repair, focusing on intelligent methods to regulate cellular behavior and tissue response. Original articles and review papers will deal with the following themes, without being limited to them: advances in biomaterials for tissue repair, optimization of the properties of biomaterials, inflammation response and regulation of biomaterials in tissue repair processes, and the interaction between biomaterials and proteins, peptides, and other biological molecules.

I kindly invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jing Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

biomaterials
tissue repair
inflammation
biocompatibility
proteins
interaction between materials and cells

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 8016 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surfactant-Free Decellularization of Porcine Auricular Cartilage Using Liquefied Dimethyl Ether and DNase

by Hideki Kanda, Kento Oya, Wahyudiono and Motonobu Goto

Materials 2023, 16(8), 3172; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16083172 - 18 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1061

Abstract

The most common decellularization method involves lipid removal using surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and DNA fragmentation using DNase, and is associated with residual SDS. We previously proposed a decellularization method for the porcine aorta and ostrich carotid artery using liquefied dimethyl ether (DME), which is free from the concerns associated with SDS residues, instead of SDS. In this study, the DME + DNase method was tested on crushed porcine auricular cartilage tissues. Unlike with the porcine aorta and the ostrich carotid artery, it is important to degas the porcine auricular cartilage using an aspirator before DNA fragmentation. Although approximately 90% of the lipids were removed using this method, approximately 2/3 of the water was removed, resulting in a temporary Schiff base reaction. The amount of residual DNA in the tissue was approximately 27 ng/mg dry weight, which is lower than the regulatory value of 50 ng/mg dry weight. Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed that cell nuclei were removed from the tissue. Residual DNA fragment length assessment by electrophoresis confirmed that the residual DNA was fragmented to less than 100 bp, which was lower than the regulatory limit of 200 bp. By contrast, in the uncrushed sample, only the surface was decellularized. Thus, although limited to a sample size of approximately 1 mm, liquefied DME can be used to decellularize porcine auricular cartilage. Thus, liquefied DME, with its low persistence and high lipid removal capacity, is an effective alternative to SDS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering)

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17 pages, 11600 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Atherosclerotic-Derived Endothelial Cell Response Conducted by Titanium Oxide Nanotubes

by Ernesto Beltrán-Partida, Benjamín Valdez-Salas, Martha García-López Portillo, Claudia Gutierrez-Perez, Sandra Castillo-Uribe, Jorge Salvador-Carlos, José Alcocer-Cañez and Nelson Cheng

Materials 2023, 16(2), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020794 - 13 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2351

Abstract

Atherosclerosis lesions are described as the formation of an occlusive wall-vessel plaque that can exacerbate infarctions, strokes, and even death. Furthermore, atherosclerosis damages the endothelium integrity, avoiding proper regeneration after stent implantation. Therefore, we investigate the beneficial effects of TiO₂ nanotubes (NTs) in promoting the initial response of detrimental human atherosclerotic-derived endothelial cells (AThEC). We synthesized and characterized NTs on Ti6Al4V by anodization. We isolated AThEC and tested the adhesion long-lasting proliferation activity, and the modulation of focal adhesions conducted on the materials. Moreover, ultrastructural cell-surface contact at the nanoscale and membrane roughness were evaluated to explain the results. Our findings depicted improved filopodia and focal adhesions stimulated by the NTs. Similarly, the NTs harbored long-lasting proliferative metabolism after 5 days, explained by overcoming cell-contact interactions at the nanoscale. Furthermore, the senescent activity detected in the AThEC could be mitigated by the modified membrane roughness and cellular stretch orchestrated by the NTs. Importantly, the NTs stimulate the initial endothelial anchorage and metabolic recovery required to regenerate the endothelial monolayer. Despite the dysfunctional status of the AThEC, our study brings new evidence for the potential application of nano-configured biomaterials for innovation in stent technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering)

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15 pages, 3226 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fast-Setting Calcium Silicate-Based Pulp Capping Cements—Integrated Antibacterial, Irritation and Cytocompatibility Assessment

by Gabriel Kato, Pedro Sousa Gomes, Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek, Cláudia Rodrigues, Maria Helena Fernandes and Liliana Grenho

Materials 2023, 16(1), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010450 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2585

Abstract

Calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) are endodontic materials widely used in vital pulp-capping approaches. Concerning the clinical application, the reduced set time and pre-mixed formulations are relevant characteristics during the operative management of pulpal exposure, aiming to optimise the work time and improve cross-infection/asepsis control. Additionally, clinical success seems to be greatly dependent on the biological performance of the materials that directly contact the living pulp. As such, this work approaches an integrative biological characterisation (i.e., antibacterial, irritation, and cytocompatibility assays) of three fast-setting CSCs—Biodentine^TM, TotalFill^® BC RRM™ Fast Putty, and Theracal LC^®. These cements, after setting for 24 h, presented the expected topography and elemental composition (assessed by scanning electron microscopy, coupled with EDS analysis), in accordance with the information of the manufacturer. The set cements displayed a significant and similar antibiofilm activity against S. mutans, in a direct contact assay. Twenty-four-hour eluates were not irritant in the standardised CAM assay, but elicited distinct dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity profiles on fibroblastic cells—i.e., Biodentine was devoid of toxicity, TotalFill presented a slight dose-dependent initial toxicity that was easily overcome, and Theracal LC was deleterious at high concentrations. When compared to long-setting ProRoot MTA cement, which highlighted the pursued integrative approach, Biodentine presented a similar profile, but TotalFill and Theracal LC displayed a poorer performance regarding antibiofilm activity/cytocompatibility features, and Theracal LC suggested eventual safety concerns. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering)

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9 pages, 1781 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biocompatible Nano-Hydroxyapatites Regulate Macrophage Polarization

by Da-Wang Zhao, Xin-Cheng Fan, Yi-Xiang Zhao, Wei Zhao, Yuan-Qiang Zhang, Ren-Hua Zhang and Lei Cheng

Materials 2022, 15(19), 6986; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196986 - 08 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1669

Abstract

Research on regulation of the immune microenvironment based on bioactive materials is important to osteogenic regeneration. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is believed to be a promising scaffold material for dental and orthopedic implantation due to its ideal biocompatibility and high osteoconductivity. However, any severe inflammation response can lead to loosening and fall of implantation, which cause implant failures in the clinic. Morphology modification has been widely studied to regulate the host immune environment and to further promote bone regeneration. Here, we report the preparation of nHAPs, which have uniform rod-like shape and different size (200 nm and 400 nm in length). The morphology, biocompatibility, and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated. The results showed that the 400 nm nHAPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility and osteoimmunomodulation, which can not only induce M2-phenotype macrophages (M2) polarization to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines, but also promote the production of osteogenic factor. The reported 400 nm nHAPs are promising for osteoimmunomodulation in bone regeneration, which is beneficial for clinical application of bone defects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering)

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16 pages, 7683 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Electroconductive, Thermosensitive, and Injectable Chitosan/Pluronic/Gold-Decorated Cellulose Nanofiber Hydrogel as an Efficient Carrier for Regeneration of Cardiac Tissue

by Hajar Tohidi, Nahid Maleki-Jirsaraei, Abdolreza Simchi, Fatemeh Mohandes, Zahra Emami, Lorenzo Fassina, Fabio Naro, Bice Conti and Federica Barbagallo

Materials 2022, 15(15), 5122; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155122 - 23 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2505

Abstract

Myocardial infarction is a major cause of death worldwide and remains a social and healthcare burden. Injectable hydrogels with the ability to locally deliver drugs or cells to the damaged area can revolutionize the treatment of heart diseases. Herein, we formulate a thermo-responsive and injectable hydrogel based on conjugated chitosan/poloxamers for cardiac repair. To tailor the mechanical properties and electrical signal transmission, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with an average diameter of 50 nm were physically bonded to oxidized bacterial nanocellulose fibers (OBC) and added to the thermosensitive hydrogel at the ratio of 1% w/v. The prepared hydrogels have a porous structure with open pore channels in the range of 50–200 µm. Shear rate sweep measurements demonstrate a reversible phase transition from sol to gel with increasing temperature and a gelation time of 5 min. The hydrogels show a shear-thinning behavior with a shear modulus ranging from 1 to 12 kPa dependent on gold concentration. Electrical conductivity studies reveal that the conductance of the polymer matrix is 6 × 10⁻² S/m at 75 mM Au. In vitro cytocompatibility assays by H9C2 cells show high biocompatibility (cell viability of >90% after 72 h incubation) with good cell adhesion. In conclusion, the developed nanocomposite hydrogel has great potential for use as an injectable biomaterial for cardiac tissue regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering)

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19 pages, 17021 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simultaneous Substitution of Fe and Sr in Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate: Synthesis, Structural, Magnetic, Degradation, and Cell Adhesion Properties

by So-Min Kim, Kyung-Hyeon Yoo, Hyeonjin Kim, Yong-Il Kim and Seog-Young Yoon

Materials 2022, 15(13), 4702; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134702 - 05 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1877

Abstract

β-tricalcium phosphate is a promising bone graft substitute material with biocompatibility and high osteoinductivity. However, research on the ideal degradation and absorption for better clinical application remains a challenge. Now, we focus on modifying physicochemical properties and improving biological properties through essential ion co-substitution (Fe and Sr) in β-TCPs. Fe- and Sr-substituted and Fe/Sr co-substituted β-TCP were synthesized by aqueous co-precipitation with substitution levels ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mol%. The β-TCP phase was detected by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Changes in Ca–O and P–O bond lengths of the co-substituted samples were observed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results of VSM represent the M-H graph having a combination of diamagnetic and ferromagnetic properties. A TRIS–HCl solution immersion test showed that the degradation and resorption functions act synergistically on the surface of the co-substituted sample. Cell adhesion tests demonstrated that Fe enhances the initial adhesion and proliferation behavior of hDPSCs. The present work suggests that Fe and Sr co-substitution in β-TCP can be a candidate for promising bone graft materials in tissue engineering fields. In addition, the possibility of application of hyperthermia for cancer treatment can be expected. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering)

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Review

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24 pages, 2090 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue Application

by Mariana Souto-Lopes, Maria Helena Fernandes, Fernando Jorge Monteiro and Christiane Laranjo Salgado

Materials 2023, 16(12), 4483; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124483 - 20 Jun 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1289

Abstract

Tissue regeneration of large bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering employs biomimetic strategies to produce graft composite scaffolds that resemble the bone extracellular matrix to guide and promote osteogenic differentiation of the host precursor cells. Aerogel-based bone scaffold preparation methods have been increasingly improved to overcome the difficulties in balancing the need for an open highly porous and hierarchically organized microstructure with compression resistance to withstand bone physiological loads, especially in wet conditions. Moreover, these improved aerogel scaffolds have been implanted in vivo in critical bone defects, in order to test their bone regeneration potential. This review addresses recently published studies on aerogel composite (organic/inorganic)-based scaffolds, having in mind the various cutting-edge technologies and raw biomaterials used, as well as the improvements that are still a challenge in terms of their relevant properties. Finally, the lack of 3D in vitro models of bone tissue for regeneration studies is emphasized, as well as the need for further developments to overcome and minimize the requirement for studies using in vivo animal models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering)

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