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Advances in Glass/Glass Ceramics: From Material Characterizations to Device Applications
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Advances in Glass/Glass Ceramics: From Material Characterizations to Device Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2024) | Viewed by 6485

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. El Sayed Yousef

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
Interests: glass and glass ceramics for optics and photonics; photoluminescence for lighting applications; novel laser glass for optical fiber telecommunication; bioglass/ceramics and their medical applications; glass for dosimetry; radiation shielding protection
Prof. Dr. Manuela Joanna Reben

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, Engineering and Technical Sciences AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
Interests: synthesis and technology of special glasses; tableware glass; float; packaging; glass ceramics; properties of glass: thermal, optical, structural, microstructural; physical–chemical spectroscopy of RE ions in glass and glass ceramics; glassy waste; crystallization; nucleation process; high-entropy materials; bioglass; glass processing: tempering, fusing, insulated glass

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This upcoming Special Issue will present the latest advances in the characterization and development of glass and glass ceramics for a wide variety of applications, indicating present and future research directions in glass and glass ceramics. Potential topics that could be explored include: durable low-temperature glasses; far-infrared transmitting glasses; full-color photosensitive glasses; glass microlens arrays; direct precision molding; specialized glass ceramics for dental restorations, film, paper, or tough materials. Furthermore, this Special Issue will present discussions of advanced characterization techniques used to analyze the structure and physicochemical and electrochemical nature of glasses and glass ceramics, including analyses of morphology and various useful processing techniques and applications. It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, theoretical studies, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

This Special Issue aims to bring together scientists from a range of disciplines, with a particular focus on interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Theory, design, device technology, and applications of glass and glass ceramics;
  • Innovative processing and synthesis of glass ceramics and glasses;
  • Modeling of ceramics and glasses (from atomic to micro- and macro-scales);
  • Crystallization, glass ceramics and glass;
  • Future prospects for advanced glass and ceramics;
  • Optical technology, photonics, and lasers;
  • Sensing and environmental optics;
  • Fiber-optic sensors;
  • Medical application of glass and glass ceramics.

Prof. Dr. El Sayed Yousef
Prof. Dr. Manuela Joanna Reben
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced glasses and glass ceramics materials
  • applications of glasses and glass ceramics
  • characterization of glasses and glass ceramics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5853 KiB  
Article
The Crystallization Behavior of a Na2O-GeO2-P2O5 Glass System: A (Micro)Structural, Electrical, and Dielectric Study
by Sara Marijan, Marta Razum, Kristina Sklepić Kerhač, Petr Mošner, Ladislav Koudelka, Jana Pisk, Andrea Moguš-Milanković, Željko Skoko and Luka Pavić
Materials 2024, 17(2), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020306 - 07 Jan 2024
Viewed by 899
Abstract
Sodium-phosphate-based glass-ceramics (GCs) are promising materials for a wide range of applications, including solid-state sodium-ion batteries, microelectronic packaging substrates, and humidity sensors. This study investigated the impact of 24 h heat-treatments (HT) at varying temperatures on Na-Ge-P glass, with a focus on (micro)structural, [...] Read more.
Sodium-phosphate-based glass-ceramics (GCs) are promising materials for a wide range of applications, including solid-state sodium-ion batteries, microelectronic packaging substrates, and humidity sensors. This study investigated the impact of 24 h heat-treatments (HT) at varying temperatures on Na-Ge-P glass, with a focus on (micro)structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of prepared GCs. Various techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were employed. With the elevation of HT temperature, crystallinity progressively rose; at 450 °C, the microstructure retained amorphous traits featuring nanometric grains, whereas at 550 °C, HT resulted in fully crystallized structures characterized by square-shaped micron-scale grains of NaPO3. The insight into the evaluation of electrical and dielectric properties was provided by Solid-State Impedance Spectroscopy (SS-IS), revealing a strong correlation with the conditions of controlled crystallization and observed (micro)structure. Compared to the initial glass, which showed DC conductivity (σDC) on the order of magnitude 10−7 Ω−1 cm−1 at 393 K, the obtained GCs exhibited a lower σDC ranging from 10−8 to 10−10 Ω−1 cm−1. With the rise in HT temperature, σDC further decreased due to the crystallization of the NaPO3 phase, depleting the glass matrix of mobile Na+ ions. The prepared GCs showed improved dielectric parameters in comparison to the initial glass, with a noticeable increase in dielectric constant values (~20) followed by a decline in dielectric loss (~10−3) values as the HT temperatures rise. Particularly, the GC obtained at @450 stood out as the optimal sample, showcasing an elevated dielectric constant and low dielectric loss value, along with moderate ionic conductivity. This research uncovers the intricate relationship between heat-treatment conditions and material properties, emphasizing that controlled crystallization allows for precise modifications to microstructure and phase composition within the remaining glassy phase, ultimately facilitating the fine-tuning of material properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass/Glass Ceramics: From Material Characterizations to Device Applications)
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19 pages, 8972 KiB  
Article
Judd–Ofelt Analysis and Spectroscopy Study of Tellurite Glasses Doped with Rare-Earth (Nd3+, Sm3+, Dy3+, and Er3+)
by Naziha Boudchicha, Mostepha Iezid, Faycal Goumeidane, Messaoud Legouera, P. Syam Prasad and P. Venkateswara Rao
Materials 2023, 16(21), 6832; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216832 - 24 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 999
Abstract
A series of glasses based on (80-y) TeO2-20 BiCl3-y RE2O3 (y = 0, 0.6 mol%; RE = Nd, Sm, Dy, and Er) were prepared. The thermal stability of the glass was determined by differential scanning calorimetry [...] Read more.
A series of glasses based on (80-y) TeO2-20 BiCl3-y RE2O3 (y = 0, 0.6 mol%; RE = Nd, Sm, Dy, and Er) were prepared. The thermal stability of the glass was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The density and optical energy values of the prepared glass increased in the order of Sm2O3, Nd2O3, Dy2O3, and Er2O3. In addition, the glass doped with Er2O3 had the highest refractive index values compared to the other samples. Subsequently, Judd–Ofelt parameters (Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6) were obtained for the family of RE3+ trivalent rare-earth ions introduced as dopants in a tellurite glass. These parameters were calculated from the absorption spectra for each RE3+. The structures were studied by Raman spectroscopy deconvolution, which determined that TeO4, TeO3, TeO3+1, BiO6, and BiCl6 units had formed. In addition, the structural changes in the glass are related to the intensity ratio of TeO4/TeO3, depending on the type of rare-earth. For the optics and Judd–Ofelt parameters, the ray spectroscopy results of the prepared glass show that it is a good candidate for nonlinear optics fibers, a solid laser material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass/Glass Ceramics: From Material Characterizations to Device Applications)
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17 pages, 3701 KiB  
Article
Crystallization of Cristobalite in Sodium Borosilicate Glass in the Presence of Cr2O3
by Marina Konon, Irina G. Polyakova, Anton S. Mazur, Artem S. Saratovskii, Dmitry P. Danilovich and Mikhail Alikin
Materials 2023, 16(14), 5016; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145016 - 15 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1147
Abstract
Glass containing chromium is a promising material for use in various modern fields of application (laser technology, optoelectronic devices, and luminescent resources). Chromium oxides are well-known nucleating agents that can cause crystallization. One of the most commonly observed crystalline phases in silicate glasses [...] Read more.
Glass containing chromium is a promising material for use in various modern fields of application (laser technology, optoelectronic devices, and luminescent resources). Chromium oxides are well-known nucleating agents that can cause crystallization. One of the most commonly observed crystalline phases in silicate glasses is cristobalite, which lowers their mechanical strength, leading to the destruction of the material. The objective of this investigation was to study in detail the crystallization of cristobalite in sodium borosilicate glass in the presence of 2 mol% Cr2O3, depending on the thermal history of the glass. The glass was studied using XRD, SEM, EPR, FTIR-spectroscopy, XPS, and solid-state NMR. Eskolaite, α-Cr2O3, which had crystallized in this glass, stimulated the bulk crystallization of cristobalite at 550 °C after isothermally treating it for 72 h, due to the phase-separated structure of the glass with its interpenetrating phase morphology. Polytypism, resulting in the incorporation of alkalis into the cristobalite structure, was observed. Cr2O3 causes the catalytic crystallization of cristobalite at an extremely low temperature, which is at lower concentrations and temperatures than in glass containing Fe2O3 with a similar composition. The crystal growth rate and the incubation time for the crystallization of cristobalite were roughly estimated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass/Glass Ceramics: From Material Characterizations to Device Applications)
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10 pages, 1971 KiB  
Article
Sol–Gel Synthesis of Translucent and Persistent Luminescent SiO2@ SrAl2O4 Eu, Dy, B Materials
by Madara Leimane, Katrina Krizmane, Ivita Bite, Jurgis Grube and Virginija Vitola
Materials 2023, 16(12), 4416; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124416 - 15 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1236
Abstract
This publication offers an economically promising method of persistent luminescent silicate glass synthesis that does not involve high temperatures or ready-made (separately synthesized) PeL particles. In this study, we demonstrate the formation of SrAl2O4 doped with Eu, Dy, and B [...] Read more.
This publication offers an economically promising method of persistent luminescent silicate glass synthesis that does not involve high temperatures or ready-made (separately synthesized) PeL particles. In this study, we demonstrate the formation of SrAl2O4 doped with Eu, Dy, and B in a SiO2 glass structure using the one-pot low-temperature sol–gel synthesis method. By varying the synthesis conditions, we can use water-soluble precursors (e.g., nitrates) and a dilute aqueous solution of rare-earth (RE) nitrates as starting materials for SrAl2O4 synthesis, which can be formed during the sol–gel process at relatively low sintering temperatures (600 °C). As a result, translucent, persistently luminescent glass is obtained. The glass shows the typical Eu2+ luminescence and the characteristic afterglow. The afterglow duration is about 20 s. It is concluded that the slow drying procedure (2 weeks) is optimal for these samples to sufficiently get rid of the excess water (mainlyOH groups) and solvent molecules that can influence the strontium aluminate luminescence properties and have a pernicious effect on the afterglow. It can also be concluded that boron is playing a crucial role in the formation of trapping centers needed for PeL processes in the PeL silicate glass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass/Glass Ceramics: From Material Characterizations to Device Applications)
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18 pages, 4745 KiB  
Article
Resulting Effect of the p-Type of ZnTe: Cu Thin Films of the Intermediate Layer in Heterojunction Solar Cells: Structural, Optical, and Electrical Characteristics
by Moustafa Ahmed, Ahmed Alshahrie and Essam R. Shaaban
Materials 2023, 16(8), 3082; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16083082 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1409
Abstract
The microstructural, electrical, and optical properties of Cu-doped and undoped ZnTe thin films grown on glass substrates are covered in this article. To determine the chemical makeup of these materials, both energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed. The cubic [...] Read more.
The microstructural, electrical, and optical properties of Cu-doped and undoped ZnTe thin films grown on glass substrates are covered in this article. To determine the chemical makeup of these materials, both energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed. The cubic zinc-blende crystal structure of ZnTe and Cu-doped ZnTe films was discovered using X-ray diffraction crystallography. According to these microstructural studies, the average crystallite size increased as the amount of Cu doping increased, whereas the microstrain decreased as the crystallinity increased; hence, defects were minimized. The Swanepoel method was used to compute the refractive index, and it was found that the refractive index rises as the Cu doping levels rises. The optical band gap energy was observed to decrease from 2.225 eV to 1.941 eV as the Cu content rose from 0% to 8%, and then slightly increase to 1.965 eV at a Cu concentration of 10%. The Burstein–Moss effect may be connected to this observation. The larger grain size, which lessens the dispersion of the grain boundary, was thought to be the cause of the observed increase in the dc electrical conductivity with an increase in Cu doping. In structured undoped and Cu-doped ZnTe films, there were two carrier transport conduction mechanisms that could be seen. According to the Hall Effect measurements, all the grown films exhibited a p-type conduction behavior. In addition, the findings demonstrated that as the Cu doping level rises, the carrier concentration and the Hall mobility similarly rise, reaching an ideal Cu concentration of 8 at.%, which is due to the fact that the grain size decreases grain boundary scattering. Furthermore, we examined the impact of the ZnTe and ZnTe:Cu (at Cu 8 at.%) layers on the efficiency of the CdS/CdTe solar cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass/Glass Ceramics: From Material Characterizations to Device Applications)
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