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Advances in Crystallization Kinetics, Structure and Properties of Engineering Materials, Surface-Modified Non-ferrous Alloys

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2023) | Viewed by 7116

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Beata Krupińska

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: non-ferrous metal alloys; modification; thermal analysis; microstructure; mechanical properties
Prof. Dr. Mariusz Krupiński

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: metal alloys; crystallization kinetics; phase transitions; modification of surface layers; alloying; plastic deformation
Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Labisz

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
Interests: light metal alloys; laser surface techniques, engineering materials for rail transpotation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Industrial progress and the usage of new technologies and research methods force the development of material engineering and continuous improvement of existing materials, as well as the creation of new high-quality materials.

The influence of alloying elements on the microstructure and properties of non-ferrous alloys is obvious. The aim of the research is usually to optimize the addition of the alloying elements with regard to the stability of the structure and properties under working conditions. Modification of the chemical composition enables strengthening as a result of solution and precipitation processes, as well as dispersion phases introduced into the melt.

Durability and working stability are priorities and result in the search for new materials with stable and better mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties in corrosive conditions. The main group of modified materials is non-ferrous alloys. An important aspect of improving materials is the modification of their microstructure, and sometimes it is more expedient to modify their surface layer. Modification of the chemical composition causes a change in the crystallization kinetics, including the temperature of the beginning and end of solidification and phase transformations occurring in non-ferrous alloys. This affects the microstructure and is one of the factors shaping the properties of the material.

In this Special Edition, we want to present how important is the material itself. How does the modification improve the properties and help to create new functional materials? How does the modification of surface layers with technological methods change them, allowing them to be used in places where they have not been used so far? How does the modification of the chemical composition affect the kinetics of crystallization?

If you answer these questions in your research, we invite you to publish them in our Special Issue.

Dr. Beata Krupińska
Prof. Dr. Mariusz Krupiński
Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Labisz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • modification of the chemical composition
  • kinetic crystallization
  • modification of the chemical composition of the surface layer
  • thermomechanical treatment
  • metallurgy
  • microstructure
  • mechanical property
  • non-ferrous metal alloys

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 9819 KiB  
Article
Impact of Titanium Addition on Microstructure, Corrosion Resistance, and Hardness of As-Cast Al+6%Li Alloy
by Marcin Adamiak, Augustine Nana Sekyi Appiah, Anna Woźniak, Paweł M. Nuckowski, Shuhratjon Abdugulomovich Nazarov and Izatullo Navruzovich Ganiev
Materials 2023, 16(7), 2671; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072671 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1475
Abstract
Aluminum–lithium alloys have the potential for use in aerospace applications, and improving their physical, mechanical, and operational characteristics through alloying is a pressing task. Lithium, with a density of 0.54 g/cm3, enhances the elastic modulus of aluminum while reducing the weight [...] Read more.
Aluminum–lithium alloys have the potential for use in aerospace applications, and improving their physical, mechanical, and operational characteristics through alloying is a pressing task. Lithium, with a density of 0.54 g/cm3, enhances the elastic modulus of aluminum while reducing the weight of the resulting alloys, making them increasingly attractive. Adding transition metal additives to aluminum alloys enhances their strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance, due to their modifying effect and grain refinement. The study aimed to investigate the impact of titanium content on the microstructure, corrosion resistance, and hardness of Al-Li alloys. Four alloys were prepared with varying amounts of titanium at 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1.0 wt%. The results showed that the microstructure of the alloy was modified after adding Ti, resulting in a decrease in average grain size to about 60% with the best refinement at 0.05 wt% Ti content. SEM and EDS analysis revealed an irregular net-shaped interdendritic microstructure with an observed microsegregation of Al3Li compounds and other trace elements at the grain boundaries. The samples showed casting defects due to the high content of Li in the alloy, which absorbed air during casting, resulting in casting defects such as shrinkage holes. The corrosion resistance test results were low for the samples with casting defects, with the least resistance recorded for a sample containing 0.1 wt% Ti content, with more casting defects. The addition of Ti increased the microhardness of the alloy to an average of 91.8 ± 2.8 HV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crystallization Kinetics, Structure and Properties of Engineering Materials, Surface-Modified Non-ferrous Alloys)
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8 pages, 3174 KiB  
Article
Effect of Cold Working on the Properties and Microstructure of Cu-3.5 wt% Ti Alloy
by Lue Huang, Lijun Peng, Xujun Mi, Gang Zhao, Guojie Huang, Haofeng Xie and Wenjing Zhang
Materials 2022, 15(22), 8042; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228042 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1187
Abstract
Cu-Ti alloys were strengthened by β’-Cu4Ti metastable precipitation during aging. With the extension of the aging time, the β’-Cu4Ti metastable phase transformed into the equilibrium β-Cu4Ti phase. The Cu-3.5 wt% Ti(Cu-4.6 at% Ti) alloys with different processing [...] Read more.
Cu-Ti alloys were strengthened by β’-Cu4Ti metastable precipitation during aging. With the extension of the aging time, the β’-Cu4Ti metastable phase transformed into the equilibrium β-Cu4Ti phase. The Cu-3.5 wt% Ti(Cu-4.6 at% Ti) alloys with different processing were aged at different temperatures for various times after solution treatment at 880 °C for 1 h. The electrical conductivity of samples under different heat treatments had shown an upward trend as time increased during aging, but the hardness reached the peak value and then decreased. The hardness and electrical conductivity of the samples with 70% deformation after aging are higher tha n the samples without deformation. Deformation after aging would cause the metastable phase to dissolve into a matrix. The best combination value of conductivity and hardness is 13.88% IACS and 340.78 Hv, and the optimal heat treatment is 500 °C for 2 h + 70% deformation + 450 °C for 2 h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crystallization Kinetics, Structure and Properties of Engineering Materials, Surface-Modified Non-ferrous Alloys)
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16 pages, 3742 KiB  
Article
Predicting Elastic Constants of Refractory Complex Concentrated Alloys Using Machine Learning Approach
by Uttam Bhandari, Hamed Ghadimi, Congyan Zhang, Shizhong Yang and Shengmin Guo
Materials 2022, 15(14), 4997; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144997 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2014
Abstract
Refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs) have drawn increasing attention recently owing to their balanced mechanical properties, including excellent creep resistance, ductility, and oxidation resistance. The mechanical and thermal properties of RCCAs are directly linked with the elastic constants. However, it is time consuming [...] Read more.
Refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs) have drawn increasing attention recently owing to their balanced mechanical properties, including excellent creep resistance, ductility, and oxidation resistance. The mechanical and thermal properties of RCCAs are directly linked with the elastic constants. However, it is time consuming and expensive to obtain the elastic constants of RCCAs with conventional trial-and-error experiments. The elastic constants of RCCAs are predicted using a combination of density functional theory simulation data and machine learning (ML) algorithms in this study. The elastic constants of several RCCAs are predicted using the random forest regressor, gradient boosting regressor (GBR), and XGBoost regression models. Based on performance metrics R-squared, mean average error and root mean square error, the GBR model was found to be most promising in predicting the elastic constant of RCCAs among the three ML models. Additionally, GBR model accuracy was verified using the other four RHEAs dataset which was never seen by the GBR model, and reasonable agreements between ML prediction and available results were found. The present findings show that the GBR model can be used to predict the elastic constant of new RHEAs more accurately without performing any expensive computational and experimental work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crystallization Kinetics, Structure and Properties of Engineering Materials, Surface-Modified Non-ferrous Alloys)
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14 pages, 5072 KiB  
Article
Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Modification Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of A356 Alloy
by Xinyi Hu, Dongfu Song, Huiping Wang, Yiwang Jia, Haiping Zou and Mingjuan Chen
Materials 2022, 15(10), 3714; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103714 - 22 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1572
Abstract
Ultrasonic treatment was applied to an A356 aluminum melt with different modifiers, and the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the structure and properties of the A356 alloy were studied. The results showed that α-Al was effectively refined with different ultrasonic modification treatments. In [...] Read more.
Ultrasonic treatment was applied to an A356 aluminum melt with different modifiers, and the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the structure and properties of the A356 alloy were studied. The results showed that α-Al was effectively refined with different ultrasonic modification treatments. In particular, ultrasonic treatment showed the most obvious refinement with macroscopic grains of unmodified alloy and optimized the refinement of secondary dendrite arm spacings in the Sr/Ce synergistic alloys. The eutectic Si of the unmodified A356 alloy had no obvious change after the ultrasonic treatment, but the branch diameter of the eutectic Si reduced in the Sr and Sr/Ce modification alloys after the ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic treatment significantly improved the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the as-cast A356 alloy with the unmodified material, which was due to refinement of the α-Al grains by the ultrasonic treatment. After the T6 heat treatment, the ultimate tensile strength values of the alloys showed no obvious change due to the ultrasonic treatment, but the plasticity of the alloy was significantly improved. Mg2Si precipitation was the dominant strengthening mechanism during the T6 heat treatment, while the plasticity was determined by the size and distribution of the eutectic Si. Acoustic cavitation caused by the ultrasound-activated impurities and the induced heterogeneous nucleation and supercooled nucleation in the groove melt was the main cause of the α-Al refinement, the eutectic Si modification and the improvement in the mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crystallization Kinetics, Structure and Properties of Engineering Materials, Surface-Modified Non-ferrous Alloys)
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