Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
5.2
3.4
Journals
Materials
Special Issues
Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II
materials-logo
Submit to Special Issue Submit Abstract to Special Issue Review for Materials Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2024 | Viewed by 13737

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pan Gong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: bulk metallic glasses; high-entropy alloys; titanium alloys; metallic composites; precision metal plastic forming; powder metallurgy; incremental sheet forming
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maojun Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: superalloys; metal cutting; composites; additive manufacturing; laser processing/cutting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Guangchao Han

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: microforming; ultrasonic forming; ultrasonic machining; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xin Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials of Hebei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300400, China
Interests: solidification behavior of light alloys; bulk metallic glass composites; strengthening and toughening of metals and their fatigue behavior; functional metal materials for water treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization via microstructural modifications and processing techniques of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties over their service lives. The goal of this Special Issue on the physical metallurgy of metals and alloys is to bring together information on the recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment described in our works on the design and development of advanced metals and alloys and to provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nano materials as well as functional materials will also be included.

Examples of some of the recent advances relating to the design, properties, and processing of advanced metals and alloys include novel material processing techniques, manufacturing methods/theories, microstructural characterization, modeling development, and advanced equipment. Conventional and nonconventional processes relating to machining, forming, laser processing, additive/subtractive manufacturing, surface modification, and the solidification of high-performance alloys/metals are also included. 

Topics of papers that will be considered for publication in this Special Issue of Materials can include all the above classes of materials and the areas of physical metallurgy, process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium-/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nano materials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modeling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena. Full papers, short communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Dr. Pan Gong
Dr. Maojun Li
Dr. Guangchao Han
Dr. Xin Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced metallic alloys
  • combinatorial alloy design
  • additive manufacturing and powder metallurgy
  • energy field-assisted machining and plastic-forming technologies
  • solidification and casting
  • high-energy beam welding
  • heat treatment and surface treatment
  • microstructure-property characterization
  • simulation and modeling
  • strengthening and toughening technologies

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (15 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

15 pages, 9808 KiB  
Article
Microstructure Evolution, Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of an FeCrAl Alloy
by Xiang-Qian Fang, Jin-Bin Wang, Si-You Liu, Jun-Zhe Wen, Hong-Yu Song and Hai-Tao Liu
Materials 2024, 17(8), 1847; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081847 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 214
Abstract
The deteriorated plasticity arising from the insoluble precipitates may lead to cracks during the rolling of FeCrAl alloys. The microstructure evolution and hot deformation behavior of an FeCrAl alloy were investigated in the temperature range of 750–1200 °C and strain rate range of [...] Read more.
The deteriorated plasticity arising from the insoluble precipitates may lead to cracks during the rolling of FeCrAl alloys. The microstructure evolution and hot deformation behavior of an FeCrAl alloy were investigated in the temperature range of 750–1200 °C and strain rate range of 0.01–10 s−1. The flow stress of the FeCrAl alloy decreased with an increasing deformation temperature and decreased strain rate during hot working. The thermal deformation activation energy was determined to be 329.49 kJ/mol based on the compression test. Then, the optimal hot working range was given based on the established hot processing maps. The hot processing map revealed four small instability zones. The optimal working range for the material was identified as follows: at a true strain of 0.69, the deformation temperature should be 1050–1200 °C, and the strain rate should be 0.01–0.4 s−1. The observation of key samples of thermally simulated compression showed that discontinuous dynamic recrystallization started to occur with the temperate above 1000 °C, leading to bended grain boundaries. When the temperature was increased to 1150 °C, the dynamic recrystallization resulted in a microstructure composed of fine and equiaxed grains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 3386 KiB  
Article
Local Structural Modifications in Metallic Micropillars Induced by Plasma Focused Ion Beam Processing
by Kritika Singh, Surya Snata Rout, Christina Krywka and Anton Davydok
Materials 2023, 16(22), 7220; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16227220 - 18 Nov 2023
Viewed by 679
Abstract
A focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) is a powerful tool that is routinely used for scale imaging from the micro- to nanometer scales, micromachining, prototyping, and metrology. In spite of the significant capabilities of a FIB-SEM, there are inherent artefacts (e.g., [...] Read more.
A focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) is a powerful tool that is routinely used for scale imaging from the micro- to nanometer scales, micromachining, prototyping, and metrology. In spite of the significant capabilities of a FIB-SEM, there are inherent artefacts (e.g., structural defects, chemical interactions and phase changes, ion implantation, and material redeposition) that are produced due to the interaction of Ga+ or other types of ions (e.g., Xe+, Ar+, O+, etc.) with the sample. In this study, we analyzed lattice distortion and ion implantation and subsequent material redeposition in metallic micropillars which were prepared using plasma focus ion beam (PFIB) milling. We utilized non-destructive synchrotron techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray nanodiffraction to examine the micropillars prepared using Xe+ ion energies of 10 keV and 30 keV. Our results demonstrate that higher Xe ion energy leads to higher density of implanted ions within the redeposited and milled material. The mixing of ions in the redeposited material significantly influences the lattice structure, causing deformation in regions with higher ion concentrations. Through an X-ray nanodiffraction analysis, we obtained numerical measurements of the strain fields induced in the regions, which revealed up to 0.2% lattice distortion in the ion bombardment direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 5928 KiB  
Article
Improvement in Corrosion Performance of ECAPed AZ80/91 Mg Alloys Using SS316 HVOF Coating
by Gajanan M. Naik, Priyaranjan Sharma, Gajanan Anne, Raj Kumar Pittala, Rahul Kumar, Gnane Swarnadh Satapathi, Ch Sateesh Kumar and Filipe Fernandes
Materials 2023, 16(20), 6651; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206651 - 11 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1074
Abstract
Mg AZ80/91 alloys are highly popular due to their lightweight, high strength-to-weight ratio, and good machinability. However, their moderate mechanical properties and corrosion resistance have limited their use in the automotive, aerospace, and defense sectors. This study primarily aims to enhance the mechanical [...] Read more.
Mg AZ80/91 alloys are highly popular due to their lightweight, high strength-to-weight ratio, and good machinability. However, their moderate mechanical properties and corrosion resistance have limited their use in the automotive, aerospace, and defense sectors. This study primarily aims to enhance the mechanical performance and corrosion resistance of Mg AZ80/91 alloys, making them more suitable for applications in the aerospace and automotive industries. Firstly, equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) of Mg AZ80/91 alloys has been attempted to improve their mechanical properties. Secondly, a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coating of SS316 was applied over the Mg AZ80/91 substrate to enhance its corrosion resistance. In the second step, an HVOF coating of SS316 is applied over the Mg AZ80/91 substrate for better corrosion resistance. The experimental findings demonstrate that the application of an SS316 coating on the ECAP-4P AZ80/91 Mg alloy substrate results in a uniform and dense layer with an average thickness of approximately 80 ± 5 µm. The HVOF-based SS316 coating on 4P-ECAP leads to a noteworthy enhancement in microhardness and a reduction in the corrosion rate, especially in a NaCl solution (3.5 wt.%). This improvement holds great promise for producing reliable, long-lasting, and resilient automotive, aerospace, and defense components. The application of an HVOF-based SS316 coating onto the AZ80 Mg alloy, which had not undergone ECAP treatment, led to a substantial enhancement in corrosion resistance. This resulted in a notable decrease in the corrosion current density, reducing it from 0.297 mA/cm2 to 0.10 µA/cm2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 16020 KiB  
Article
Microstructure Evolution at Ni/Fe Interface in Dissimilar Metal Weld between Ferritic Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel
by Xiaogang Li, Junfeng Nie, Xin Wang, Kejian Li and Haiquan Zhang
Materials 2023, 16(18), 6294; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186294 - 20 Sep 2023
Viewed by 807
Abstract
The formation and evolution of microstructures at the Ni/Fe interface in dissimilar metal weld (DMW) between ferritic steel and austenitic stainless steel were investigated. Layered martensitic structures were noted at the nickel-based weld metal/12Cr2MoWVTiB steel interface after welding and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). [...] Read more.
The formation and evolution of microstructures at the Ni/Fe interface in dissimilar metal weld (DMW) between ferritic steel and austenitic stainless steel were investigated. Layered martensitic structures were noted at the nickel-based weld metal/12Cr2MoWVTiB steel interface after welding and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). The formation of the interfacial martensite layer during welding was clarified and its evolution during PWHT was discussed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), focused ion beam (FIB), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission kikuchi diffraction (TKD), phase diagrams, and theoretical analysis. In as-welded DMW, the Ni/Fe interface structures consisted of the BCC quenched martensite layer and the FCC partially mixed zone (PMZ), which was the result of inhomogeneous solid phase transformation due to the chemical composition gradient. During the PWHT process, the BCC interfacial microstructure further evolved to a double-layered structure of tempered martensite and quenched martensite newly formed by local re-austenitization and austenite–martensite transformation. These types of martensitic structures induced inhomogeneous hardness distribution near the Ni/Fe interface, aggravating the mismatch of interfacial mechanical properties, which was a potential factor contributing to the degradation and failure of DMW. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3533 KiB  
Article
Effects of TiC, Si, and Al on Combustion Synthesis of Ti3SiC2/TiC/Ti5Si3 Composites
by Chun-Liang Yeh and Kuan-Ling Lai
Materials 2023, 16(18), 6142; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186142 - 09 Sep 2023
Viewed by 673
Abstract
The fabrication of Ti3SiC2 from TiC-containing reactant compacts was investigated by combustion synthesis in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The initial sample composition was formulated based on (3 − x)Ti + ySi + (2 − x)C + xTiC [...] Read more.
The fabrication of Ti3SiC2 from TiC-containing reactant compacts was investigated by combustion synthesis in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The initial sample composition was formulated based on (3 − x)Ti + ySi + (2 − x)C + xTiC + zAl, with stoichiometric parameters of x from 0 to 0.7, y = 1.0 and 1.2, and z = 0 and 0.1. For all samples studied, combustion was sufficiently exothermic to sustain the reaction in the SHS manner. Due to the dilution effect of TiC, combustion wave velocity and reaction temperature substantially decreased with TiC content. When compared with the TiC-free sample, the TiC-containing sample facilitated the formation of Ti3SiC2 and the TiC content of x = 0.5 produced the highest yield. Excess Si (y = 1.2) to compensate for the evaporation loss of Si during combustion and the addition of Al (z = 0.1) to promote the phase conversion were effective in improving the evolution of Ti3SiC2. All final products were composed of Ti3SiC2, TiC, and Ti5Si3. For the TiC-containing samples of x = 0.5, the weight fraction of Ti3SiC2 increased from 67 wt.% in the sample without extra Si and Al to 72 wt.% in the Si-rich sample of y = 1.2 and further up to 85 wt.% in the Si-rich/Al-added sample of y = 1.2 and z = 0.1. As-synthesized Ti3SiC2 grains were in a thin plate-like shape with a thickness of 0.5–1.0 μm and length of about 10 μm. Ti3SiC2 platelets were closely stacked into a layered structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 4499 KiB  
Article
Effects of Material Structure on Stress Relaxation Characteristics of Rapidly Solidified Al-Fe Alloy
by Ryohei Kobayashi, Tatsuya Funazuka, Toru Maeda and Tomomi Shiratori
Materials 2023, 16(17), 5949; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175949 - 30 Aug 2023
Viewed by 697
Abstract
An Al-Fe alloy which was produced by hot extrusion of rapidly solidified powder is a possible solution to substitute copper-based electrical conductor material due to its high strength and high electrical conductivity. However, the stress relaxation characteristic—an essential parameter as a conductor material—and [...] Read more.
An Al-Fe alloy which was produced by hot extrusion of rapidly solidified powder is a possible solution to substitute copper-based electrical conductor material due to its high strength and high electrical conductivity. However, the stress relaxation characteristic—an essential parameter as a conductor material—and the effect of the material structure have not been reported, which was the aim of the present paper. An Al-5%Fe alloy was selected as the test material. The material structures were controlled by hot extrusion practice, annealing, and cold rolling. The Al-Fe intermetallic compound particles controlled the residual stress after the stress relaxation test via the Orowan mechanism. Decreasing the mean inter-particle distance reduces the electrical conductivity. The increase in the number of dislocations by the cold rolling increased strength at room temperature without changing electrical conductivity; however, it did not have a positive effect on the stress relaxation characteristics. The stress relaxation characteristics and the electrical conductivity of the Al-Fe alloy were superior to conventional C52100 H04 phosphor bronze when compared with the case of the same mass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 37847 KiB  
Article
Precision Grinding Technology of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Ceramics by Longitudinal Torsional Ultrasonic Vibrations
by Zejiu Ye, Xu Wen, Weiqiang Wan, Fuchu Liu, Wei Bai, Chao Xu, Hui Chen, Pan Gong and Guangchao Han
Materials 2023, 16(16), 5572; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165572 - 10 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1244
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic material has become the most promising third-generation semiconductor material for its excellent mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature. However, SiC ceramic machining has serious tool wear, low machining efficiency, poor machining quality and other disadvantages due to [...] Read more.
Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic material has become the most promising third-generation semiconductor material for its excellent mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature. However, SiC ceramic machining has serious tool wear, low machining efficiency, poor machining quality and other disadvantages due to its high hardness and high wear resistance, which limits the promotion and application of such materials. In this paper, comparison experiments of longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibration grinding (LTUVG) and common grinding (CG) of SiC ceramics were conducted, and the longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibration grinding SiC ceramics cutting force model was developed. In addition, the effects of ultrasonic machining parameters on cutting forces, machining quality and subsurface cracking were investigated, and the main factors and optimal parameters affecting the cutting force improvement rate were obtained by orthogonal tests. The results showed that the maximum improvement of cutting force, surface roughness and subsurface crack fracture depth by longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibrations were 82.59%, 22.78% and 30.75%, respectively. A longitudinal torsional ultrasonic vibrations cutting force prediction model containing the parameters of tool, material properties and ultrasound was established by the removal characteristics of SiC ceramic material, ultrasonic grinding principle and brittle fracture theory. And the predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental results, and the maximum error was less than 15%. The optimum process parameters for cutting force reduction were a spindle speed of 22,000 rpm, a feed rate of 600 mm/min and a depth of cut of 0.011 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 29121 KiB  
Article
Interface Characteristics of Tungsten-Particle-Reinforced Zr-Based Bulk-Metallic-Glass Composites with Different Tungsten Particle Sizes
by Haoyu Jin, Huie Hu, Junhan Chi, Yunfei Ma and Xiaohong Su
Materials 2023, 16(15), 5212; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155212 - 25 Jul 2023
Viewed by 617
Abstract
This study investigated the interfacial characteristics of tungsten-particle-reinforced Zr-based bulk-metallic-glass composites (Wp/Zr-BMGs) with varying tungsten-particle sizes. To this end, Wp/Zr-BMGs with three different Wp sizes were fabricated using spark plasma sintering. Subsequently, the microstructures and interfacial structures of the Wp/Zr-BMGs were extensively examined, [...] Read more.
This study investigated the interfacial characteristics of tungsten-particle-reinforced Zr-based bulk-metallic-glass composites (Wp/Zr-BMGs) with varying tungsten-particle sizes. To this end, Wp/Zr-BMGs with three different Wp sizes were fabricated using spark plasma sintering. Subsequently, the microstructures and interfacial structures of the Wp/Zr-BMGs were extensively examined, and the mechanical properties of the microzone at the Wp/Zr-BMG interface were evaluated using a nanoindentation method. The results revealed that the interfaces of Wp/Zr-BMGs, irrespective of the Wp size, exhibited dissolution-diffusion characteristics. Moreover, the thickness of the interface diffusion layer was positively correlated to the size of Wp. The addition of Wp enhanced the elastic modulus and hardness of Zr-BMGs at the interface, as these effects are inversely related to the Wp size. Furthermore, this study established a relationship between the interfacial mechanical properties and the interfacial characteristics of particle-reinforced bulk-metallic-glass composites. Thus, this study can serve as a guide for future research in the field of Wp/Zr-BMGs and similar particle-reinforced composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3325 KiB  
Article
Effects of Hot Extrusion Temperature Conditions on the Hardness and Electrical Conductivity of Rapidly Solidified Al-Fe Alloys
by Ryohei Kobayashi, Tatsuya Funazuka, Toru Maeda and Tomomi Shiratori
Materials 2023, 16(14), 5050; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145050 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1027
Abstract
Rapidly solidified Al-Fe alloys produced by hot extrusion are a promising replacement for copper-based electrical conductors because of their light weight. However, the effects of the extrusion temperature conditions on the mechanical and electrical properties of extruded materials are unknown. The present work [...] Read more.
Rapidly solidified Al-Fe alloys produced by hot extrusion are a promising replacement for copper-based electrical conductors because of their light weight. However, the effects of the extrusion temperature conditions on the mechanical and electrical properties of extruded materials are unknown. The present work investigated the effects of billet preheating temperature, in situ temperature during extrusion, and additional heat treatment after extrusion on hardness and electrical conductivity. An air-jet atomized Al-2.3%Fe alloy powder was pre-sintered into cylindrical billets and then hot-extruded. The hardness of the extrudates decreased as the in situ temperature during extrusion increased above 650 K. The billet preheating temperature affected the in situ temperature during extrusion. Additional annealing after extrusion decreased the hardness. The cause of the decrease in hardness was coarsening of the grain of the aluminum matrix. The electrical conductivity increased with higher billet preheating temperatures before extrusion or additional annealing after extrusion; however, an in situ temperature rise for a few seconds during extrusion did not affect the conductivity. The increase in electrical conductivity was considered to be caused by a decrease in the amount of solute iron, which requires holding the material at a high temperature for longer than several minutes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 6622 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy with WC Particle Reinforcements via Laser Melting Deposition
by Zhen Peng, Zize Fan, Muhammad Raies Abdullah, Congcong Ren, Jinfeng Li and Pan Gong
Materials 2023, 16(13), 4701; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134701 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1100
Abstract
In the present work, a WC particle-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was fabricated by laser melting deposition (LMDed). The LMDed CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (CoCrFeMnNi) composite is primarily comprised of a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. However, in the case of CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 [...] Read more.
In the present work, a WC particle-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was fabricated by laser melting deposition (LMDed). The LMDed CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (CoCrFeMnNi) composite is primarily comprised of a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. However, in the case of CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 wt.% WC, it exhibits a combination of an FCC matrix and a ceramic phase known as M23C6. The corrosion behavior of CoCrFeMnNi and CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 wt.% WC particle in 0.5 M H2SO4 was comparatively investigated. Compared with CoCrFeMnNi, the passive film formed on the CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 wt.% WC had a more stable and stronger protective property. The corrosion current density of the CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 wt.% WC dropped by 149.1% compared to that of the CoCrFeMnNi, indicating that the CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 wt.% WC had better corrosion resistance than that of the CoCrFeMnNi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 5519 KiB  
Article
Effect of Versenium Hydrogensulfate on Properties of Nickel Coatings
by Marek Baraniak, Grzegorz Lota, Jarosław Wojciechowski, Filip Walkiewicz and Magdalena Regel-Rosocka
Materials 2023, 16(11), 4101; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114101 - 31 May 2023
Viewed by 870
Abstract
The salt of formula [H2EDTA2+][HSO4−]2 (dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate di(hydrogen sulfate(VI)) was used to examine the physicochemical properties of the resulting Ni layer and evaluate the applicability of the salt as a new additive for Watts-type baths. [...] Read more.
The salt of formula [H2EDTA2+][HSO4−]2 (dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate di(hydrogen sulfate(VI)) was used to examine the physicochemical properties of the resulting Ni layer and evaluate the applicability of the salt as a new additive for Watts-type baths. The Ni coatings deposited from baths containing [H2EDTA2+][HSO4−]2 were compared with those obtained from other baths. The nucleation of nickel on the electrode was proven to occur the slowest in the bath that contained the mixture of [H2EDTA2+][HSO4−]2 and saccharin compared with other baths. The addition of [H2EDTA2+][HSO4−]2 alone (bath III) generated a coating with a morphology similar to that obtained from bath I (without additives). Despite the similar morphology and wettability of the Ni-coated surfaces plated from various baths (all Ni coatings were hydrophilic with contact angles in the range of 68 to 77°), some differences in electrochemical properties were noted. The corrosion resistance for the coatings plated from baths II and IV containing saccharin (Icorr = 1.1 and 1.5 µA/cm2, respectively) and the mixture of saccharin and [H2EDTA2+][HSO4−]2 (Icorr = 0.88 µA/cm2), respectively, was similar or even better than the coating obtained from baths without [H2EDTA2+][HSO4−]2 (Icorr = 9.02 µA/cm2). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Research

78 pages, 27700 KiB  
Review
Cryogenic Treatment of Martensitic Steels: Microstructural Fundamentals and Implications for Mechanical Properties and Wear and Corrosion Performance
by Peter Jurči and Ivo Dlouhý
Materials 2024, 17(3), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17030548 - 23 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 747
Abstract
Conventional heat treatment is not capable of converting a sufficient amount of retained austenite into martensite in high-carbon or high-carbon and high-alloyed iron alloys. Cryogenic treatment induces the following alterations in the microstructures: (i) a considerable reduction in the retained austenite amount, (ii) [...] Read more.
Conventional heat treatment is not capable of converting a sufficient amount of retained austenite into martensite in high-carbon or high-carbon and high-alloyed iron alloys. Cryogenic treatment induces the following alterations in the microstructures: (i) a considerable reduction in the retained austenite amount, (ii) formation of refined martensite coupled with an increased number of lattice defects, such as dislocations and twins, (iii) changes in the precipitation kinetics of nano-sized transient carbides during tempering, and (iv) an increase in the number of small globular carbides. These microstructural alterations are reflected in mechanical property improvements and better dimensional stability. A common consequence of cryogenic treatment is a significant increase in the wear resistance of steels. The current review deals with all of the mentioned microstructural changes as well as the variations in strength, toughness, wear performance, and corrosion resistance for a variety of iron alloys, such as carburising steels, hot work tool steels, bearing and eutectoid steels, and high-carbon and high-alloyed ledeburitic cold work tool steels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 5999 KiB  
Review
Composition Design Strategy for High Entropy Amorphous Alloys
by Hongyu Ding, Qi Zhang and Kefu Yao
Materials 2024, 17(2), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020453 - 18 Jan 2024
Viewed by 842
Abstract
High entropy amorphous alloys (HEAAs) are materials that have received much attention in recent years. They exhibit many unique properties; however, research on their composition design method has not been deep enough. In this paper, we summarized some effective composition design strategies for [...] Read more.
High entropy amorphous alloys (HEAAs) are materials that have received much attention in recent years. They exhibit many unique properties; however, research on their composition design method has not been deep enough. In this paper, we summarized some effective composition design strategies for HEAAs. By adjusting the atomic ratio from quinary bulk metallic glasses, Ti20Zr20Cu20Ni20Be20 HEAA with a high fracture strength of 2315 MPa was designed. By similar element addition/substitution, a series of Ti–(Zr, Hf, Nb)–Cu–Ni–Be HEAAs was developed. They possess good glass-forming ability with a maximum critical diameter of 30 mm. Combining elements from those ternary/quaternary bulk metallic glasses has also proved to be an effective method for designing new HEAAs. The effect of high entropy on the property of the alloy, possible composition design methods, and potential applications were also discussed. This paper may provide helpful inspiration for future development of HEAAs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 6792 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review on Combinatorial Film via High-Throughput Techniques
by Dongxin Wang, Wei Jiang, Shurong Li, Xuehui Yan, Shuaishuai Wu, Haochen Qiu, Shengli Guo and Baohong Zhu
Materials 2023, 16(20), 6696; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206696 - 15 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1387
Abstract
Numerous technological advancements in the 21st century depend on the creation of novel materials possessing enhanced properties; there is a growing reliance on materials that can be optimized to serve multiple functions. To efficiently save time and meet the requirements of diverse applications, [...] Read more.
Numerous technological advancements in the 21st century depend on the creation of novel materials possessing enhanced properties; there is a growing reliance on materials that can be optimized to serve multiple functions. To efficiently save time and meet the requirements of diverse applications, high-throughput and combinatorial approaches are increasingly employed to explore and design superior materials. Among them, gradient thin-film deposition is one of the most mature and widely used technologies for high-throughput preparation of material libraries. This review summarizes recent progress in gradient thin-film deposition fabricated by magnetron sputtering, multi-arc ion plating, e-beam evaporation, additive manufacturing, and chemical bath deposition, providing readers with a fundamental understanding of this research field. First, high-throughput synthesis methods for gradient thin films are emphasized. Subsequently, we present the characteristics of combinatorial films, including microstructure, oxidation, corrosion tests, and mechanical properties. Next, the screening methods employed for evaluating these properties are discussed. Furthermore, we delve into the limitations of high-throughput preparation and characterization techniques for combinatorial films. Finally, we provide a summary and offer our perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1966 KiB  
Review
Toughening of Ni-Mn-Based Polycrystalline Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
by Siyao Ma, Xuexi Zhang, Guangping Zheng, Mingfang Qian and Lin Geng
Materials 2023, 16(16), 5725; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165725 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 939
Abstract
Solid-state refrigeration technology is expected to replace conventional gas compression refrigeration technology because it is environmentally friendly and highly efficient. Among various solid-state magnetocaloric materials, Ni-Mn-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (SMAs) have attracted widespread attention due to their multifunctional properties, such as their [...] Read more.
Solid-state refrigeration technology is expected to replace conventional gas compression refrigeration technology because it is environmentally friendly and highly efficient. Among various solid-state magnetocaloric materials, Ni-Mn-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (SMAs) have attracted widespread attention due to their multifunctional properties, such as their magnetocaloric effect, elastocaloric effect, barocaloric effect, magnetoresistance, magnetic field-induced strain, etc. Recently, a series of in-depth studies on the thermal effects of Ni-Mn-based magnetic SMAs have been carried out, and numerous research results have been obtained. It has been found that poor toughness and cyclic stability greatly limit the practical application of magnetic SMAs in solid-state refrigeration. In this review, the influences of element doping, microstructure design, and the size effect on the strength and toughness of Ni-Mn-based ferromagnetic SMAs and their underlying mechanisms are systematically summarized. The pros and cons of different methods in enhancing the toughness of Ni-Mn-based SMAs are compared, and the unresolved issues are analyzed. The main research directions of Ni-Mn-based ferromagnetic SMAs are proposed and discussed, which are of scientific and technological significance and could promote the application of Ni-Mn-based ferromagnetic SMAs in various fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-15
Back to TopTop