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Life
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Biomarkers, Molecular Mechanism, Microenvironments, and Therapeutics in Oral Cancer
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Biomarkers, Molecular Mechanism, Microenvironments, and Therapeutics in Oral Cancer

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 19772

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Prakash Gangadaran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Science & Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
Interests: oral cancer; extracellular vesicles; molecular and nuclear imaging; wound healing; cell-based cancer therapies and tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral cancer appears initially as a small swelling or sore in the mouth. Oral cancer, which includes cancers of the floor of the mouth, tongue, lips, cheeks, sinuses, hard and soft palate, and throat (pharynx), can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated early. Despite significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, oral cancer remains the biggest challenge of modern medicine. Identification of early biomarkers, understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor progression, factors involved in the tumor microenvironment and new therapeutics approaches for oral cancer are inevitable and require further research.

We cordially invite you to present your excellent oral cancer research discoveries in this Special Issue to the wider scientific and academic community.

In this Special Issue, entitled “Biomarkers, Molecular Mechanism, Microenvironments, and Therapeutics in Oral Cancer”, we would like to present a collection of articles, such as reviews and systematic reviews, original papers, and clinical trials.

Dr. Prakash Gangadaran
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral cancer
  • therapy
  • drug
  • biomarkers
  • molecular mechanism
  • signaling pathways
  • targeted therapy
  • innovative cancer treatment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4416 KiB  
Article
PD-L1 Expression Correlated with Clinicopathological Factors and Akt/Stat3 Pathway in Oral SCC
by Dong-Ho Geum, Dae-Seok Hwang, Chang-Hun Lee, Sung-Dae Cho, Min-A Jang, Mi-Heon Ryu and Uk-Kyu Kim
Life 2022, 12(2), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020238 - 04 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1910
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule that inhibits immune responses. The physiological and prognostic role of the PD-L1 signaling pathway in the oral maxillofacial region is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of PD-L1 in the [...] Read more.
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule that inhibits immune responses. The physiological and prognostic role of the PD-L1 signaling pathway in the oral maxillofacial region is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of PD-L1 in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Furthermore, clinicopathological factors related to PD-L1 expression were examined in patients with OSCC through immunohistochemistry (IHC) of tissue sections and through an in vitro study in OSCC cells. The medical records, radiographic findings, and mortality referrals of 81 patients obtained from the National Statistical Office were reviewed. IHC was performed on tissue specimens of these patients to determine the expression levels of PD-L1, which showed significant statistical differences based on age, tumor size, TNM stage, cervical lymph node metastasis, and locoregional recurrence. Patients with a high PD-L1 expression had significantly poorer survival rates. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional model confirmed the high relative risk ratio for high PD-L1 expression, TNM stage, and neck node metastasis, all of which were significantly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with OSCC. The in vitro study showed that SAS and YD38 cells transfected with PD-L1 siRNA had significantly increased apoptosis, reduced proliferative capacity, and tumorigenicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers, Molecular Mechanism, Microenvironments, and Therapeutics in Oral Cancer)
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11 pages, 22364 KiB  
Article
A Plausible Proposition of CCL20-Related Mechanism in Fusobacterium nucleatum-Associated Oral Carcinogenesis
by Devi Prasad Mandal, Neeta Mohanty, Paresh Kumar Behera, Divya Gopinath, Sasmita Panda, Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif, Darshan Devang Divakar, Sukumaran Anil and Swagatika Panda
Life 2021, 11(11), 1218; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11111218 - 10 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1817
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this prospective observational case–control study is to evaluate the prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Reconnoitering the CCL20-related mechanism of carcinogenesis in Fusobacterium nucleatum-positive OSCC is another objective. Methodology: Tissues from [...] Read more.
Objective: The objective of this prospective observational case–control study is to evaluate the prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Reconnoitering the CCL20-related mechanism of carcinogenesis in Fusobacterium nucleatum-positive OSCC is another objective. Methodology: Tissues from 50 OSCC patients and 30 healthy oral tissues were collected. The prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum was evaluated in both tumour and healthy tissue by polymerase chain reaction. The immunohistochemistry of OSCC tissues was conducted to evaluate the difference in the expression of CCL20 between Fusobacterium nucleatum-positive and -negative OSCC tissues. Results: Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly (p < 0.001) prevalent in OSCC tissues (74%), compared to healthy tissues (26%). No association of Fusobacterium nucleatum or CCL20 immuno-expression with any clinical or histopathological features of OSCC was observed. While the intensity of CCL20 immuno-expression did not differ (p = 0.053), the CCL20-positive cell population was significantly different (p = 0.034) between Fusobacterium nucleatum-positive and -negative OSCC. Conclusion: Fusobacterium nucleatum is possibly prevalent in oral cancer tissues in the Indian population. By using immunohistochemistry, this is the first study to propose that the carcinogenesis in Fusobacterium nucleatum-positive OSCC may be CCL20-related. The findings enrich the knowledge of mechanisms involved in Fusobacterium nucleatum-mediated oral carcinogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers, Molecular Mechanism, Microenvironments, and Therapeutics in Oral Cancer)
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Review

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11 pages, 592 KiB  
Review
Utility of Keratins as Biomarkers for Human Oral Precancer and Cancer
by Milind Vaidya, Crismita Dmello and Saie Mogre
Life 2022, 12(3), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030343 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2919
Abstract
Human oral cancer is the single largest group of malignancies in the Indian subcontinent and the sixth largest group of malignancies worldwide. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the most common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity, constituting over 90% of oral cancers. About [...] Read more.
Human oral cancer is the single largest group of malignancies in the Indian subcontinent and the sixth largest group of malignancies worldwide. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the most common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity, constituting over 90% of oral cancers. About 90% of OSCCs arise from pre-existing, potentially malignant lesions. According to WHO, OSCC has a 5-year survival rate of 45–60%. Late diagnosis, recurrence, and regional or lymph nodal metastases could be the main causes of the high mortality rates. Biomarkers may help categorize and predict premalignant lesions as high risk of developing malignancy, local recurrence, and lymph nodal metastasis. However, at present, there is a dearth of such markers, and this is an area of ongoing research. Keratins (K) or cytokeratins are a group of intermediate filament proteins that show paired and differentiation dependent expression. Our laboratory and others have shown consistent alterations in the expression patterns of keratins in both oral precancerous lesions and tumors. The correlation of these changes with clinicopathological parameters has also been demonstrated. Furthermore, the functional significance of aberrant keratins 8/18 expression in the malignant transformation and progression of oral tumors has also been documented. This article reviews the literature that emphasizes the value of keratins as biomarkers for the prognostication of human oral precancers and cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers, Molecular Mechanism, Microenvironments, and Therapeutics in Oral Cancer)
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11 pages, 608 KiB  
Review
Biomarker Potential of Vimentin in Oral Cancers
by Saie Mogre, Vidhi Makani, Swapnita Pradhan, Pallavi Devre, Shyam More, Milind Vaidya and Crismita Dmello
Life 2022, 12(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020150 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4674
Abstract
Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process. As much as 5% to 85% of oral tumors can develop from potentially malignant disorders (PMD). Although the oral cavity is accessible for visual examination, the ability of current clinical or histological methods to predict the lesions [...] Read more.
Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process. As much as 5% to 85% of oral tumors can develop from potentially malignant disorders (PMD). Although the oral cavity is accessible for visual examination, the ability of current clinical or histological methods to predict the lesions that can progress to malignancy is limited. Thus, developing biological markers that will serve as an adjunct to histodiagnosis has become essential. Our previous studies comprehensively demonstrated that aberrant vimentin expression in oral premalignant lesions correlates to the degree of malignancy. Likewise, overwhelming research from various groups show a substantial contribution of vimentin in oral cancer progression. In this review, we have described studies on vimentin in oral cancers, to make a compelling case for vimentin as a prognostic biomarker. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers, Molecular Mechanism, Microenvironments, and Therapeutics in Oral Cancer)
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19 pages, 3663 KiB  
Review
An Update on the Effectiveness of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
by Vidya Sankarapandian, Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran, Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran, Manasi P. Jogalekar, Sridharan Gurunagarajan, Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy, Prakash Gangadaran and Byeong-Cheol Ahn
Life 2022, 12(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010059 - 02 Jan 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7600
Abstract
Probiotics are living microbes that play a significant role in protecting the host in various ways. Gut microbiota is one of the key players in maintaining homeostasis. Cancer is considered one of the most significant causes of death worldwide. Although cancer treatment has [...] Read more.
Probiotics are living microbes that play a significant role in protecting the host in various ways. Gut microbiota is one of the key players in maintaining homeostasis. Cancer is considered one of the most significant causes of death worldwide. Although cancer treatment has received much attention in recent years, the number of people suffering from neoplastic syndrome continues to increase. Despite notable improvements in the field of cancer therapy, tackling cancer has been challenging due to the multiple properties of cancer cells and their ability to evade the immune system. Probiotics alter the immunological and cellular responses by enhancing the epithelial barrier and stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic compounds, thereby reducing cancer burden and growth. The present review focuses on the various mechanisms underlying the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers, Molecular Mechanism, Microenvironments, and Therapeutics in Oral Cancer)
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