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Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine

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A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Methodology, Drug and Device Discovery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2024) | Viewed by 15622

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Angelo Michele Inchingolo

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Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Interests: stem cells regeneration tissue; dental disease; dental biomaterials; orthodontic diseases; orthodontic innovation; oral surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Francesco Inchingolo

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Dr. Gianna Dipalma

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Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: stem cells regeneration tissue; dental disease; dental biomaterials; orthodontic diseases; orthodontic innovation; oral surgery
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Dr. Assunta Patano

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Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; pediatric dentistry; oral medicine; oropharyngeal neoplasms; hygiene; prevention
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Dr. Giuseppina Malcangi

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Guest Editor

Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: stem cells regeneration tissue; dental disease; dental biomaterials; orthodontic diseases; orthodontic innovation; oral surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our utmost pleasure to invite you to submit manuscripts to one of the most current topics in dentistry: “Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine”.

The future of orthodontics and oral surgery is influenced by the advent of digital technology and the change in expectations of our patients. A modern approach often requires interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary know-how, the use of digital technologies for treatment planning to enhance the predictability of the execution, and a comprehensive team approach. New technologies can help in reducing the invasiveness of clinical procedures.

New computer technologies will revolutionize research, diagnosis, treatment, and education in dentistry.

Oral surgery, implants, periodontology and orthodontics are all involved in this continuing evolution.

This Special Issue focuses on all of the recent technology that can enhance research, diagnosis, treatment, and education in dentistry. For this purpose, we invite you to submit original research articles, clinical articles, and reviews on any of the topics mentioned above.

The present Special Issue will focus on clinically and scientifically valuable research in dentistry and allied disciplines in order to provide evidence-based information that will contribute to a better understanding and implementation of cutting-edge, patient-centered, and tailored treatment options.

We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Dr. Angelo Michele Inchingolo
Prof. Dr. Francesco Inchingolo
Dr. Gianna Dipalma
Dr. Assunta Patano
Dr. Giuseppina Malcangi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

oral surgery
orthodontic
aligners
maxillo facial surgery
dental disease
dental materials
orthodontic diseases
periodontology
oral implantology
dental materials
regenerative tissue
growth factor
stem cells
bone regeneration
tissue regeneration
engineering
intraoral scan
personalized medicine

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Convalescing Mandibular Anterior Crowding through Piezocision and the Micro-Osteoperforation Surgical Procedure—A Clinical Comparative Study

by Raghunath Nagasundara Rao, Karuna Elza Oommen, Raghavendra Reddy Nagate, Mohammed A. Al-Qarni, Abdul Razzaq Ahmed, Shreyas Tikare, Shankar T. Gokhale, Ahmed A. AlBariqi, Mohamed Fadul A. Elagib and Saurabh Chaturvedi

J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(2), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14020173 - 31 Jan 2024

Viewed by 739

Abstract

Background: Minimally invasive periodontic (perio) surgical procedures, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation are useful techniques for accelerating tooth movement. These techniques also offer advantages in the orthodontic (ortho) and aesthetic domains. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the rates of lower anterior decrowding with piezocision and micro-osteoperforation. Methods: This clinical study included 24 patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatments. Two periodontic techniques (piezocision (PZ) and micro-osteoperforation (MOP)) were considered for the orthodontic treatments. Each patient was randomly allocated to either the piezocision (PZ) group or the micro-osteoperforation (MOP) group. The piezocision group received five radiographically guided incisions on the labial surface of the alveolar bone, whereas the micro-osteoperforation group received one to three MOPs each using a mini-implant drill between the six lower anterior teeth, and later, an initial arch wire was ligated to each bracket. Little’s irregularity index (LII) was calculated using a digital vernier caliper on study models every four weeks until decrowding was achieved. The difference in the rates of lower anterior crowding between the piezocision and micro-osteoperforation groups was analyzed to determine the statistical significance. Results: The rates of irregularity index change during decrowding were 4.38 ± 0.61 in the piezocision group and 3.82 ± 0.47 in the micro-osteoperforation group. Piezocision was found to be 1.2 times faster than micro-osteoperforation in terms of the rate of decrowding. Conclusion: The advanced perio–ortho combination technique was advantageous in accelerated decrowding. In comparison to MOP, there was an increase in the rate of decrowding with PZ. Decrowding can be completed quickly with PZ, and it can thus be used to treat crowding effectively in a limited time frame. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

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11 pages, 1989 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Technique of Interproximal Enamel Reduction Based on Computer-Aided Navigation Technique—An In Vitro Study

by María Dolores Cotrina-Peregrín, Patricia Arrieta-Blanco, Juan Manuel Aragoneses-Lamas, Alberto Albaladejo Martínez, Ana Belén Lobo Galindo and Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho

J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(2), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14020138 - 26 Jan 2024

Viewed by 771

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the accuracy of a novel interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) technique based on a computer-aided static navigation technique with respect to a conventional free-hand-based technique for interproximal enamel reduction. Twenty anatomical-based experimental cast models of polyurethane were randomly distributed into the following IPR techniques: IPR technique based on computer-aided static navigation technique (n = 10) (GI) for Group A and conventional free-hand-based technique for the IPR (n = 10) (FHT) for Group B. The anatomical-based experimental cast models of polyurethane randomly assigned to the GI study group were submitted for a preoperative 3D intraoral surface scan; then, datasets were uploaded into 3D implant-planning software to design virtual templates for the interproximal enamel reduction technique. Afterward, the anatomical-based experimental cast models of polyurethane of both GI and FHT study groups were subjected to a postoperative digital impression by a 3D intraoral surface scan to compare the accuracy of the interproximal enamel reduction techniques at the buccal (mm), lingual/palatal (mm), and angular (◦) levels using the Student t-test. Statistically significant differences between the interproximal enamel reduction technique based on the computer-aided static navigation technique and the conventional free-hand-based technique for the interproximal enamel reduction at the buccal (p = 0.0008) and lingual/palatal (p < 0.0001) levels; however, no statistically significant differences were shown at the angular level (p = 0.1042). The interproximal enamel reduction technique based on computer-aided static navigation technique was more accurate than the conventional free-hand-based technique for interproximal enamel reduction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

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11 pages, 3249 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Is Augmented Reality Technology Effective in Locating the Apex of Teeth Undergoing Apicoectomy Procedures?

by Nuria Tamayo-Estebaranz, María José Viñas, Patricia Arrieta-Blanco, Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho and Juan Manuel Aragoneses-Lamas

J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010073 - 07 Jan 2024

Viewed by 780

Abstract

This study seeks to assess the accuracy of apical location using an augmented reality (AR) device with a free-hand method. Sixty (60) osteotomy site preparations were randomly assigned to one of two study groups: A. AR device (AR) (n = 30), and B. conventional free-hand method (FHM) (n = 30). Preoperative CBCT scans and intraoral scans were taken and uploaded to specialized implant-planning software to virtually plan preparations for the apical location osteotomy sites. The planning software was then used to automatically segment the teeth in each experimental model for their complete visualization using the AR device. A CBCT scan was carried out postoperatively after conducting the apical location procedures. The subsequent datasets were imported into therapeutic software to analyze the coronal, apical, and angular deviations. The Mann–Whitney non-parametric test was used. There were no statistically significant differences identified at the coronal (p = 0.1335), apical (p = 0.2401), and angular deviations (p = 0.4849) between the AR and FHM study groups. The augmented reality technique did not show a statistically significant accuracy of osteotomies for apical location when compared with the conventional free-hand method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

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10 pages, 538 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Condylar Positional Changes in Skeletal Class II and Class III Malocclusions after Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery

by Víctor Ravelo, Gabriela Olate, Marcio de Moraes, Claudio Huentequeo, Roberto Sacco and Sergio Olate

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(11), 1544; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13111544 - 27 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1008

Abstract

Orthognathic surgery is indicated to modify the position of the maxillomandibular structure; changes in the mandibular position after osteotomy can be related to changes in the position of the mandibular condyle in the articular fossa. The aim of this study was to determine changes produced in the mandibular condyle 6 months after orthognathic surgery. A cross-sectional study was conducted that included subjects who had undergone bimaxillary orthognathic surgery to treat dentofacial deformity of Angle class II (group CII) or Angle class III (group CIII). Standardized images were taken using cone-beam computed tomography 21 days before surgery and 6 months after surgery; measurement scales were used to identify the condylar position and its relations with the anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces. The results were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk and Student’s t-tests, while considering a value of p < 0.05 as indicating a significant difference. Fifty-two joints from 26 patients, with an average age of 27.9 years (±10.81), were analyzed. All subjects in both group CII and group CIII showed a significant change in the anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces. However, postoperative changes in the position of the condyle in the articular fossa were not significant in the anteroposterior analysis. We conclude that orthognathic surgery causes changes in the sagittal position of the mandibular condyle in subjects with mandibular retrognathism and prognathism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

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9 pages, 1085 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Retrospective Analysis of the Airway Space Changes in Dentofacial Deformity after Two-Jaw Orthognathic Surgery Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

by Víctor Ravelo, Gabriela Olate, Alejandro Unibazo, Márcio de Moraes and Sergio Olate

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(8), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13081256 - 14 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1075

Abstract

Orthognathic surgery is used to modify anomalies in maxillomandibular position; this process can significantly affect the anatomy of the airway and cause functional changes. This study aims to define the impact of mandibular maxillary movement on the airway of subjects with dentofacial deformity. A retrospective study was conducted on subjects with Angle class II (CII group) and Angle class III (CIII group) dentofacial deformities. The subjects were treated via bimaxillary surgery; for all of them, planning was performed with software and 3D printing. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was obtained 21 days before surgery and 6 months after surgery and was used for planning and follow-up with the same conditions and equipment. Was used the superimposition technique to obtain the maximum and minimum airway areas and total airway volume. The data were analyzed with the Shapiro–Wilk test and Student’s t-test, while Spearman’s test was used to correlate the variables, considering a value of p < 0.05. Thus, 76 subjects aged 18 to 55 years (32.38 ± 10.91) were included: 46 subjects were in CII group, treated with a maxillo-mandibular advancement, and 30 subjects were in the CIII group, treated with a maxillary advancement and a mandibular setback. In the CII group, a maxillary advancement of +2.45 mm (±0.88) and a mandibular advancement of +4.25 mm (±1.25) were observed, with a significant increase in all the airway records. In the CIII group, a maxillary advancement of +3.42 mm (±1.25) and a mandibular setback of −3.62 mm (±1.18) were noted, with no significant changes in the variables measured for the airway (p > 0.05). It may be concluded that maxillo-mandibular advancement is an effective procedure to augment the airway area and volume in the CII group. On the other hand, in subjects with mandibular prognathism and Angle class III operated with the maxillary advancement and mandibular setback lower than 4 mm, it is possible to not reduce the areas and volume in the airway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

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10 pages, 246 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Malocclusion and Scoliosis: Is There a Correlation?

by Sabina Saccomanno, Stefano Saran, Licia Coceani Paskay, Nicola Giannotta, Rodolfo Francesco Mastrapasqua, Alessio Pirino and Fabio Scoppa

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(8), 1249; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13081249 - 10 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2648

Abstract

Introduction: Scoliosis is a complex three-dimensional malformation of the spine. Although its etiology is still being investigated, it is clear that a number of factors can influence this syndrome. The spinal deformity of idiopathic scoliosis can be viewed from an etiopathogenetic perspective as a symptom of a complicated condition with a multifactorial etiology. Numerous studies have established its relationship with malocclusion, but it is still unclear how these factors interact. Malocclusion is a change in the physiological alignment of the upper and lower teeth that can be either dental or skeletal in origin. This study’s objective is to assess the relationship between scoliosis and malocclusion. Material and Methods: A total of 646 patients were enrolled (554 females and 92 males), 447 with scoliosis and 199 without, from private dental and orthopedic practices, to answer an anonymous questionnaire. They were selected in private dental and orthopedic practices where they had dental and orthopedic examinations. Twenty-two patients were excluded because of a lack of answers. Participants were given a bilingual survey, in English and Italian, composed of 13 questions formulated specifically for this study, using Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA). Results: Univariate analysis of the question “Do you have scoliosis?” shows a significant correlation with the following questions: “Was scoliosis a family issue?” (p < 0.05 OR 7.30 IC: 3.05–17.46) “Do you have malocclusion?” (p < 0.05, OR: 1.19 IC:1.0–1.34) and “Was mal-occlusion a family issue?” (p < 0.01, OR: 1.39 IC 1.10–1.77). Performing a multivariate analysis for the same variables, the best predictors of scoliosis were “Was scoliosis a family issue?” (p < 0.001) and “Was malocclusion a family issue?” (p < 0.05), while the question “Do you have malocclusion” lost significance. Conclusion: This study adds further confirmation that there might be an important connection between malocclusion and scoliosis; it suggests that dentists and orthopedists have to check, as early as possible, for the probable presence of both pathologies to avoid a severe progression which, in most cases, may require significant therapy and even surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

15 pages, 2631 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Newly Developed Orthodontic-Logopedic Screening Procedure for Myofunctional Dysfunctions—A Pilot Study

by Christoph-Ludwig Hennig, Antonia Neumann, Ann Nitzsche, Albert Stemmler, Knuth Tränckner, Nicola Kühn, Thomas Lehmann and Collin Jacobs

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(8), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13081248 - 10 Aug 2023

Viewed by 850

Abstract

Interdisciplinary, patient-specific cooperation between orthodontics and speech therapy plays an important role in the therapy of myofunctional dysfunctions. The following orthodontic-logopedic screening procedure is intended to objectify the diagnosis of such dysfunctions and the progress of therapy. A diagnostic questionnaire was prepared based on existing diagnostic questionnaires for myofunctional dysfunction. It contains 32 questions, with a clinical weighting of 0 to 50 points in total. This results in a point score. The lower the score is, the lower the need for therapy is. The study included 108 patients between the ages of 6 and 50 years. After screening, the patient population was divided into Group 0 (score < 15; no speech therapy need; n = 36) and Group 1 (score ≥ 15; a speech therapy need; n = 72). Group 1 was additionally randomized into Subgroups A (with speech therapy; n = 36) and B (without speech therapy; n = 36). After a treatment interval of 6 months, all patients in Group 1 were examined again with the help of the screening procedure. Statistical analysis (SPSS) and significance testing (Mann–Whitney U test) were performed. At baseline, there was no significant difference between patients in Subgroups A and B (p = 0.157). Subgroup A had a median score of 25, and Subgroup B had a median score of 30. However, after the treatment interval, a significant improvement (p = 0.001) for Subgroup A with a median score of 11 (mean score difference = 14.67) over Subgroup B with a median score 23 (mean score difference of 7.08) was observed. The developed screening procedure was shown to be equally applicable to all patients and treatment providers. With the help of the scores in point form, the need for speech therapy and the progress of such therapy can be objectified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

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10 pages, 976 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Upper Airway Changes and OSAS Risk in Patients after Mandibular Setback Surgery to Treat III Class Skeletal Malocclusion

by Paolo Ronchi, Sabina Saccomanno, Barbara Disconzi, Stefano Saran, Andrea Carganico, Salvatore Bocchieri, Rodolfo Francesco Mastrapasqua, Luca Fiorillo, Sergio Sambataro, Marco Cicciù and Luca Levrini

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(7), 1105; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071105 - 07 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1138

Abstract

Introduction: Mandibular setback surgery (MSS) is one of the treatment options to resolve mandibular prognathism in patients suffering from skeletal class III malocclusion, which cannot be treated with simple orthodontic treatment. The mandibular setback surgical operation can involve changes in the pharyngeal morphology, resulting in a narrowing of the posterior airway space (PAS). This aspect is associated with an increase in airflow resistance, which increases the risk of developing snoring or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of mandibular setback surgery on the upper airways and its possible association with OSAS in patients suffering from class III skeletal malocclusion. Material and methods: A total of 12 patients (5 males and 7 females) were enrolled in this study. The statistical tests highlighted a significant change in the PAS and BMI values in relation to T0, before surgery (PAS: 12.7 SD: 1.2; BMI: 21.7 SD: 1.2), and T1, after surgery (PAS: 10.3 SD: 0.6, p < 0.01; BMI: 23.8 SD: 1.2, p < 0.05). Sample size was calculated to detect an effect size of 0.9, with statistical power set at 0.8 and the significance level set at 0.05. Results: No statistically significant correlation was found between the extent of mandibular setback, PAS and BMI change. Conclusion: This study confirms the effects of mandibular setback surgery on the upper airways, reporting a statistically significant PAS reduction in the medium- and long-term follow-up. On the other hand, no direct correlation was identified with OSAS risk, at least for the small mandibular setback (<8 mm), despite the statistically significant increase in BMI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

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13 pages, 2496 KiB

Open AccessArticle

RA.DI.CA. Splint Therapy in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Displacement without Reduction

by Carlo Di Paolo, Erda Qorri, Giovanni Falisi, Roberto Gatto, Sergio Rexhep Tari, Antonio Scarano, Sofia Rastelli, Francesco Inchingolo and Paola Di Giacomo

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(7), 1095; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071095 - 03 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1460

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study is to report clinical and instrumental changes after RA.DI.CA splint therapy for temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction. Methods: Subjects affected by disc dislocation without reduction were recruited between July 2020 and May 2022 based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and treated with RA.DI.CA. splints over a period of 6 months. Clinical data were collected at each phase of the study (T0, T1, T2). Magnetic resonance imaging and electrognathography data were recorded at the beginning (T0) and at the end (T2) of the study. ANOVA with post-hoc contrasts was performed to assess differences in outcome measures over time. The Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate changes in disc-condyle angle between before- and after-treatment MRI. A two-tailed value of p < 0.05 was regarded as significant. Methods: Ten patients completed the study. There were statistically significant differences over time for arthralgia, headache, neck pain, and mouth opening. Disc recapture and an improved quality of mandibular movement were recorded in 70% of subjects. The clinical and instrumental improvements are probably due to the orthopedic action of RA.DI.CA splint treatment, which allows for a greater degree of joint mobilization. Conclusions: The purpose of this therapy is to recover the disc position if possible and achieve an adequate joint functional adaptation that avoids the progression of the structural damage and the recurrence of symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

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Review

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13 pages, 970 KiB

Open AccessReview

Evaluation of the Loss of Strength, Resistance, and Elasticity in the Different Types of Intraoral Orthodontic Elastics (IOE): A Systematic Review of the Literature of In Vitro Studies

by Sabina Saccomanno, Vincenzo Quinzi, Licia Coceani Paskay, Livia Caccone, Lucrezia Rasicci, Eda Fani, Daniela Di Giandomenico and Giuseppe Marzo

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(10), 1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13101495 - 14 Oct 2023

Viewed by 923

Abstract

Background: Intraoral orthodontic elastics (IOE), typically referred to as rubber bands, are important tools for correcting malocclusion, and they are classified into latex and synthetic (elastomeric-based) elastics. They have different strengths and sizes, depending on their intended use, that provide clinicians with the ability to correct both anteroposterior and vertical discrepancies. Clinical use, together with saliva, alters the physical characteristics of both latex and synthetic elastics, causing declines in strength over time. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess, through a systematic review of in vitro studies, the properties of intraoral elastics. The primary goal was to evaluate how IOEs behave in terms of tension strength and duration. The secondary goal was to investigate the force loss during the first hours of wear. The tertiary goal was to assess how these forces decayed. Materials and methods: The following electronic databases were searched from December 2020 to April 2021: Medline Full Text, PubMed, Cochrane Clinical Trials Register, Science Direct, and Literature Review. Out of 8505 initial articles, 10 were selected for the systematic review. Results: The force-degradation property was found in all types of IOEs. The loss of strength was directly proportional to time, with the highest value during the first 3 h after extension, regardless of the elastic band size and manufacturer. The forces generated by the latex bands were higher than in those of the elastomeric-based elastics, but they did not consistently correspond to the loads specified by the manufacturers. The retention forces in the latex IOEs were significantly higher than those in the nonlatex bands, suggesting that elastomeric-based bands need to be changed more frequently and at regular intervals throughout a 24 h period. Conclusion: This systematic review indicates that intraoral orthodontic elastics have the greatest loss of force during the first 3 h, that latex rubber bands have the highest strength during the first hour, that the forces generated are not always consistent with the manufacturer’s specifications, and that nonlatex (elastomeric-based) IOEs need to be changed frequently and regularly during a 24-h cycle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

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13 pages, 2384 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mandibular Crowding: Diagnosis and Management—A Scoping Review

by Assunta Patano, Giuseppina Malcangi, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Grazia Garofoli, Nicole De Leonardis, Daniela Azzollini, Giulia Latini, Antonio Mancini, Vincenzo Carpentiere, Claudia Laudadio, Francesco Inchingolo, Silvia D’Agostino, Daniela Di Venere, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, Marco Dolci, Gianna Dipalma and Angelo Michele Inchingolo

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(5), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13050774 - 29 Apr 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3388

Abstract

Background: Crowding is the most frequent malocclusion in orthodontics, with a strong hereditary tendency. It already occurs in pediatric age and is mainly hereditary. It is a sign of a lack of space in the arches, and is not self-correcting, but can worsen over time. The main cause of the worsening of this malocclusion is a progressive and physiological decrease in the arch perimeter. Methods: To identify relevant studies investigating the most common possible treatments for mandibular dental crowding, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted encompassing the last 5 years (2018–2023) using the following MeSH: “mandibular crowding AND treatment” and “mandibular crowding AND therapy “. Results: A total of 12 studies were finally included. An orthodontic treatment cannot ignore the concept of “guide arch”, which concerns the lower arch, because of the objective difficulty in increasing its perimeter; the bone structure of the lower jaw is more compact than that of the upper one. Its expansion, in fact, is limited to a slight vestibularization of the incisors and lateral sectors that may be associated with a limited distalization of the molars. Conclusions: There are various therapeutic solutions available to the orthodontist, and a correct diagnosis through clinical examination, radiographs and model analysis are essential. The decision of how to deal with crowding cannot be separated from an overall assessment of the malocclusion to be treated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and Oral Surgery in Personalized Medicine)

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