Antifungal Natural Substances and Actives

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 1831

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: essential oils; microbiology; human physio-pathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial activity of natural substances; microbiology and clinical microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the extensive abuse of chemicals to control diseases has been associated with the increasing number of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The growth of fungi resistant to conventional antimicrobial agents is one of the biggest concerns worldwide. The problem of fungal infections in humans, veterinary, and environmental settings is constantly growing. Pathogenic fungi, such as human cells, are eukaryotic, and potential selective drugs can only attack limited targets. However, the only licensed antifungal therapies, polyenes, azoles, echinocandins, and flucytosine, suffer several limitations due to cross-target toxicity. Thus, the need for more effective and less toxic antifungal agents is mandatory. In this scenario, the search for new alternative natural resources, alone or in combination with conventional molecules, is desirable both to bypass the new resistances and to define effective therapeutic approaches with fewer side effects. Essential oils are among the most promising natural substances due to their marked antifungal characteristics. These natural substances are complex mixtures of volatile active components obtained from aromatic plants through distillation or pressing processes. This Special Issue welcomes the submission of scientific articles on the topic of "Antifungal Natural Substances and Actives". Original articles, brief reports, case reports, reviews, and mini reviews that analyse the antifungal efficacy of essential oils and their components, both against filamentous fungi and yeasts, according to a “one health approach”, will be accepted.

Dr. Maura Di Vito
Dr. Francesca Bugli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Candida spp
  • dermatophytes
  • fungal resistance
  • synergy with antifungal drugs
  • GC-MS analysis

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 8320 KiB  
Article
Inhibitory Properties of Cinnamon Bark Oil against Postharvest Pathogen Penicillium digitatum In Vitro
by Ting Zhou, Jingjing Pan, Jingjing Wang, Qinru Yu, Pengcheng Zhang and Tongfei Lai
J. Fungi 2024, 10(4), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10040249 - 26 Mar 2024
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Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is a major postharvest pathogen that threatens the global citrus fruit industry and causes great economic losses annually. In the present study, inhibitory properties of cinnamon bark oil (CBO) against P. digitatum in vitro were investigated. Results indicated that 0.03% CBO [...] Read more.
Penicillium digitatum is a major postharvest pathogen that threatens the global citrus fruit industry and causes great economic losses annually. In the present study, inhibitory properties of cinnamon bark oil (CBO) against P. digitatum in vitro were investigated. Results indicated that 0.03% CBO could efficiently inhibit the spore germination, germ tube elongation, mycelial growth, colonial expansion and conidial accumulation of P. digitatum. The results of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and MitoTraker Orange (MTO) staining also proved the suppression effects of CBO against P. digitatum. Meanwhile, CBO could inhibit green mold rots induced by P. digitatum in citrus fruit when the working concentration of CBO exceeded 0.06%. In addition, the expressions of 12 genes critical for the growth and virulence of P. digitatum were also significantly regulated under CBO stress. Through a transcriptomic analysis, a total of 1802 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in P. digitatum after 4 h and 8 h of CBO treatment. Most of the DEG products were associated with carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolism. They directly or indirectly led to the disturbance of the membrane and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results may deepen the understanding of antifungal properties of CBO against P. digitatum and provide the theoretical foundation to uncover the antifungal mechanism of CBO at the molecular level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Natural Substances and Actives)
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18 pages, 7547 KiB  
Article
TMT-Based Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Sodium Pheophorbide A against Black Spot Needle Blight Caused by Pestalotiopsis neglecta in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica
by Yundi Zhang, Jing Yang, Shuren Wang, Yunze Chen and Guocai Zhang
J. Fungi 2024, 10(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10020102 - 26 Jan 2024
Viewed by 972
Abstract
Black spot needle blight is a minor disease in Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) caused by Pestalotiopsis neglecta, but it can cause economic losses in severe cases. Sodium pheophorbide a (SPA), an intermediate product of the chlorophyll metabolism [...] Read more.
Black spot needle blight is a minor disease in Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) caused by Pestalotiopsis neglecta, but it can cause economic losses in severe cases. Sodium pheophorbide a (SPA), an intermediate product of the chlorophyll metabolism pathway, is a compound with photoactivated antifungal activity, which has been previously shown to inhibit the growth of P. neglecta. In this study, SPA significantly reduced the incidence and disease index and enhanced the chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. To further study the molecular mechanism of the inhibition, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of P. neglecta mycelia with and without SPA treatment. The cellular proteins were obtained from P. neglecta mycelial samples and subjected to a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labelling LC-MS/MS analysis. Based on the results of de novo transcriptome assembly, 613 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (p < 0.05) were identified, of which 360 were upregulated and 253 downregulated. The 527 annotated DEPs were classified into 50 functional groups according to Gene Ontology and linked to 256 different pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database as a reference. A joint analysis of the transcriptome and proteomics results showed that the top three pathways were Amino acid metabolism, Carbohydrate metabolism, and Lipid metabolism. These results provide new viewpoints into the molecular mechanism of the inhibition of P. neglecta by SPA at the protein level and a theoretical basis for evaluating SPA as an antifungal agent to protect forests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Natural Substances and Actives)
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