Modelling Environmental Ageing & Degradation of Composite Materials

A special issue of Journal of Composites Science (ISSN 2504-477X). This special issue belongs to the section "Composites Modelling and Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 3471

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
Interests: computer modeling; materials science and engineering; physical chemistry; polymer science; composite materials; mathematical modelling; environmental aging; durability
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Guest Editor
Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, India
Interests: number theory; combinatorics; representation theory; algorithms; mathematical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
Interests: polymer composites; nanocomposites; environmental aging; durability; viscoelastic properties; water absorption; modelling

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Guest Editor
Siemens Digital Industries Software, Via Werner von Siemens 1, 20128 Milan, Italy
Interests: composites; durability; degradation; fatigue; bonding; joining; digitalization; digital twin

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Composite materials possess superior mechanical properties, which are often compromised by a degree of environmental aging and degradation. Composite materials, and fibre-reinforced composites in particular, are often used in structures in humid, marine and offshore environments, where aging and degradation processes take place. In the state of the art, mainly expensive and long testing programmes are needed to evaluate the environmental durability of a composite structure, leading to enormous expenses. This aspect slows down the development of novel projects in the composite industry. Current trend aims to replace, at least partly, aforementioned testing programmes with numerical, analytical and multiscale modelling tools.

This Issue is aimed to be multidisciplinary, involving theoretical and computational aspects of predicting composite material properties and deterioration due to aging and degradation. The fundamental understanding of intermolecular interactions, and methodologies such as Quantitative Structure–Property Relationships (QSPR), Molecular Dynamics (MD), Finite Element Analysis (FEA) or novel machine learning tools, such as Bayesian networks, are of interest, but the Issue is not limited to these aspects. The scope of the Special Issue spans across the whole modelling field, including mathematics-, physics- and chemistry-based solutions (analytical, numerical and phenomenological tools).

We invite researchers to contribute to the Special Issue titled “Modelling Environmental Aging and Degradation of Composite Materials”, which is intended to serve as a unique multidisciplinary forum on theoretical and computational science and engineering in regard to the aging and degradation phenomena of composite materials, as well as experimental validation of such modelling methodologies.

 The potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Environmental aging;
  • Durability;
  • Degradation;
  • Modelling;
  • Mathematical modelling;
  • Kinetics;
  • Physical chemistry;
  • Computer modelling;
  • Multiscale models;
  • Accelerated aging;
  • Accelerated testing methodology;
  • Lifetime prediction;
  • Cross-coupled effects;
  • Polymer composites;
  • Fibre-reinforced composites;
  • Composite materials;
  • Quantitative structure–property relationships;
  • Finite element analysis;
  • Molecular dynamics;
  • Machine learning;
  • Bayesian networks;
  • Computational property prediction and modelling.

Dr. Andrey E. Krauklis
Dr. Kamalakshya Mahatab
Dr. Olesja Starkova
Dr. Abedin I. Gagani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Composites Science is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • environmental aging
  • durability
  • degradation
  • modelling
  • mathematical modelling
  • kinetics
  • physical chemistry
  • computer modelling
  • multiscale models
  • accelerated aging
  • accelerated testing methodology
  • lifetime prediction
  • cross-coupled effects
  • polymer composites
  • fibre-reinforced composites
  • composite materials
  • quantitative structure–property relationships
  • finite element analysis
  • molecular dynamics
  • machine learning
  • bayesian networks
  • computational property prediction and modelling

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 16996 KiB  
Article
Influence of Sizing Aging on the Strength and Fatigue Life of Composites Using a New Test Method and Tailored Fiber Pre-Treatment: A Comprehensive Analysis
by Dennis Gibhardt, Christina Buggisch, Lena Blume-Werry and Bodo Fiedler
J. Compos. Sci. 2023, 7(4), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7040139 - 04 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1189
Abstract
Given the time-consuming and complex nature associated with the aging of composites, a novel fabric pre-aging method was developed and evaluated for static and fatigue testing. It allows for investigating sizing and interphase-related aging effects. This fast method is independent of the diffusion [...] Read more.
Given the time-consuming and complex nature associated with the aging of composites, a novel fabric pre-aging method was developed and evaluated for static and fatigue testing. It allows for investigating sizing and interphase-related aging effects. This fast method is independent of the diffusion processes and the composites’ thickness. Moreover, the new methodology offers enhanced analysis of the sizing, interphase, and fiber-related degradation of composites without aging them by conventional accelerated procedures or under severe maritime environments. For validation purposes, fiber bundle, longitudinal, and transverse tensile tests were performed with five different glass fiber inputs. Significant differences in the durability of composites were found for pre-aging and classical aging, respectively. The impacts of degradation of the single constituents on the fatigue life are identified by cyclic testing of untreated, pre-aged, and wet-aged composites. Here, it is evident that the interphase strength is likewise essential for the tension-tension fatigue performance of unidirectional composites, as is the fiber strength itself. In summary, the presented method provides industry and academia with an additional opportunity to examine the durability of different fibers, sizings, and composites for design purposes following a reasonable methodology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling Environmental Ageing & Degradation of Composite Materials)
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27 pages, 8867 KiB  
Article
Influence of Environmental Parameters and Fiber Orientation on Dissolution Kinetics of Glass Fibers in Polymer Composites
by Andrey E. Krauklis, Hani Amir Aouissi, Selma Bencedira, Juris Burlakovs, Ivar Zekker, Irina Bute and Maris Klavins
J. Compos. Sci. 2022, 6(7), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6070210 - 16 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1680
Abstract
Glass fibers slowly dissolve and age when exposed to water molecules. This phenomenon also occurs when glass fibers are inside fiber-reinforced composites protected by the matrix. This environmental aging results in the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the composite. In structural applications, [...] Read more.
Glass fibers slowly dissolve and age when exposed to water molecules. This phenomenon also occurs when glass fibers are inside fiber-reinforced composites protected by the matrix. This environmental aging results in the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the composite. In structural applications, GFRPs are continuously exposed to water environments for decades (typically, the design lifetime is around 25 years or even more). During their lifetime, these materials are affected by various temperatures, pH (acidity) levels, mechanical loads, and the synergy of these factors. The rate of the degradation process depends on the nature of the glass, sizing, fiber orientation, and environmental factors such as acidity, temperature, and mechanical stress. In this work, the degradation of typical industrial-grade R-glass fibers inside an epoxy fiber-reinforced composite was studied experimentally and computationally. A Dissolving Cylinder Zero-Order Kinetic (DCZOK) model was applied and could describe the long-term dissolution of glass composites, considering the influence of fiber orientation (hoop vs. transverse), pH (1.7, 4.0, 5.7, 7.0, and 10.0), and temperature (20, 40, 60, and 80 °C). The limitations of the DCZOK model and the effects of sizing protection, the accumulation of degradation products inside the composite, and water availability were investigated. Dissolution was experimentally measured using ICP-MS. As in the case of the fibers, for GFRPs, the temperature showed an Arrhenius-type influence on the kinetics, increasing the rate of dissolution exponentially with increasing temperature. Similar to fibers, GFRPs showed a hyperbolic dependence on pH. The model was able to capture all of these effects, and the limitations were addressed. The significance of the study is the contribution to a better understanding of mass loss and dissolution modeling in GFRPs, which is linked to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of GFRPs. This link should be further investigated experimentally and computationally. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling Environmental Ageing & Degradation of Composite Materials)
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