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Recent Advanced in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 11867

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Dr. Giovanna Bermano

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Center for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7QB, UK
Interests: obesity; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; cancer; molecular nutrition; natural product; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrients are essential regulators of important metabolic and physiological processes in humans. Suboptimal intakes or excesses may cause developmental and chronic diseases, particularly in those who are genetically susceptible. It is important to re-assess nutrient requirements in the context of their ‘systems’ effects on multiple metabolic pathways, including interactions with other nutrients and genetic backgrounds.

This Special Issue will focus on research aimed at determining the effects of genetic variations on dietary responses (nutrigenetics) and the role of nutrients and bioactive foods in gene expression (nutrigenomics). Studies that aim to characterise the links between nutrition, genetics, biochemistry and ‘omic’ technologies, and which provide more specific guidance for genetic subgroups whose nutrient requirements may differ substantially from the norm, will be considered for publication and will help to understand the relevance of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics to the practice of preventive approaches for optimising health, delaying disease onset, and diminishing disease severity.

Dr. Giovanna Bermano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

nutrients
micronutrients
nutrigenetics
nutrigenomics
prevention
gene expression
ethnic groups

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 266 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Don’t Forget the Bones: Incidence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Bone Disease in a Cohort of Preterm Infants

by Michela Perrone, Amanda Casirati, Stefano Stagi, Orsola Amato, Pasqua Piemontese, Nadia Liotto, Anna Orsi, Camilla Menis, Nicola Pesenti, Chiara Tabasso, Paola Roggero and Fabio Mosca

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(18), 10666; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810666 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1968

Abstract

Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBD) is a condition of reduced bone mineral content (BMC) compared to that expected for gestational age (GA). Preterm birth interrupts the physiological process of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) deposition that occurs mostly in the third trimester of pregnancy, leading to an inadequate bone mineralization during intrauterine life (IUL). After birth, an insufficient intake of Ca and P carries on this alteration, resulting in overt disease. If MBD is often a self-limited condition, in some cases it could hesitate the permanent alteration of bone structures with growth faltering and failure to wean off mechanical ventilation due to excessive chest wall compliance. Despite advances in neonatal intensive care, MBD is still frequent in preterm infants, with an incidence of 16–23% in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, birth weight <1500 g) and 40–60% in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW, birth weight <1000 g) infants. Several risk factors are associated with MBD (e.g., malabsorption syndrome, parenteral nutrition (PN), pulmonary bronchodysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and some chronic medications). The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of MBD in a cohort of VLBWI and the role of some risk factors. We enrolled 238 VLBWIs (107 male). 52 subjects were classified as increased risk (G1) and 186 as standard risk (G2) according to serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and phosphorus (P) levels. G1 subjects have lower GA (p < 0.01) and BW (p < 0.001). Moreover, they need longer PN support (p < 0.05) and invasive ventilation (p < 0.01). G1 presented a higher rate of BPD (p = 0.026). At linear regression analysis, BW and PN resulted as independent predictor of increased risk (p = 0.001, p = 0.040, respectively). Preventive strategies are fundamental to prevent chronic alteration in bone structures and to reduce the risk of short stature. Screening for MBD based on serum ALP could be helpful in clinical practice to identify subjects at increased risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advanced in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics)

14 pages, 1332 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Galactose in the Post-Weaning Diet Programs Improved Circulating Adiponectin Concentrations and Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling

by Peixin Sun, Lianne M. S. Bouwman, Jo-lene de Deugd, Inge van der Stelt, Annemarie Oosting, Jaap Keijer and Evert M. van Schothorst

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(18), 10207; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810207 - 06 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1582

Abstract

Short-term post-weaning nutrition can result in long-lasting effects in later life. Partial replacement of glucose by galactose in the post-weaning diet showed direct effects on liver inflammation. Here, we examined this program on body weight, body composition, and insulin sensitivity at the adult age. Three-week-old female C57BL/6JRccHsd mice were fed a diet with glucose plus galactose (GAL; 16 energy% (en%) each) or a control diet with glucose (GLU; 32 en%) for three weeks, and afterward, both groups were given the same high-fat diet (HFD). After five weeks on a HFD, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. After nine weeks on a HFD, energy metabolism was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and fasted mice were sacrificed fifteen minutes after a glucose bolus, followed by serum and tissue analyses. Body weight and body composition were not different between the post-weaning dietary groups, during the post-weaning period, or the HFD period. Glucose tolerance and energy metabolism in adulthood were not affected by the post-weaning diet. Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher (p = 0.02) in GAL mice while insulin, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations were not affected. Expression of Adipoq mRNA was significantly higher in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT; p = 0.03), while its receptors in the liver and skeletal muscles remained unaffected. Irs2 expression was significantly lower in skeletal muscles (p = 0.01), but not in gWAT or Irs1 expression (in both tissues). Gene expressions of inflammatory markers in gWAT and the liver were also not affected. Conclusively, galactose in the post-weaning diet significantly improved circulating adiponectin concentrations and reduced skeletal muscle Irs2 expression in adulthood without alterations in fat mass, glucose tolerance, and inflammation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advanced in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics)

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10 pages, 4442 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Isolation of Reporter Cells That Respond to Vitamin A and/or D Using a piggyBac Transposon Promoter-Trapping Vector System

by Kosuke Ishikawa, Sakura Tamamura, Nobuhito Takahashi, Motoki Takagi, Kentaro Semba and Shinya Watanabe

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9366; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169366 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1231

Abstract

Previously, we established a highly sensitive promoter-trapping vector system using the piggyBac transposon for the efficient isolation of reporter cells. Herein, we examine whether this screening system can be applied to obtain vitamin-responsive cells. As a result, one and two reporter cells that responded to bexarotene (vitamin A) and calcitriol (vitamin D), respectively, were isolated from 4.7 × 10⁶ seeded HeLaS3 cells. 5′ RACE analyses identified the well-known CYP24A1 gene as a calcitriol-responsive gene, as well as two new bexarotene- or calcitriol-responsive genes, BDKRB2 and TSKU, respectively. TSKU, interestingly, also responded to bexarotene. Endogenous levels of the TSKU and BDKRB2 transcripts displayed only slight changes and were not detected in the comprehensive analyses performed to date. Dose–response analyses of BDKRB2 and TSKU reporter cells in parallel revealed a differential profile in response to each vitamin A agonist, suggesting a bioanalyzer. The present study demonstrates that producing multiple reporter cells by a type of random screening can efficiently identify novel genes with unusual characteristics and be used for the profiling of the properties of vitamin compounds. Similar approaches to the method shown here may be useful for identifying new markers and for the analysis or diagnosis of nutrients, toxins, metabolites, etc. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advanced in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics)

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Review

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18 pages, 2096 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of rs713041 Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Disease Susceptibility in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Priscila Barbosa, Nada F. Abo El-Magd, John Hesketh and Giovanna Bermano

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15762; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415762 - 12 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2110

Abstract

Aim: The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs713041, located in the regulatory region, is required to incorporate selenium into the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and has been found to have functional consequences. This systematic review aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to determine whether there is an association between GPX4 (rs713041) SNP and the risk of diseases in humans and its correlation with selenium status. Material and methods: A systematic search for English-language manuscripts published between January 1990 and November 2022 was carried out using six databases: CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess a relationship between GPX4 (rs713041) SNP and the risk of different diseases based on three genetic models. Review Manager 5.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 4 software were used to perform the meta-analysis and carry out Egger’s test for publication bias. Results: Data from 21 articles were included in the systematic review. Diseases were clustered according to the physiological system affected to understand better the role of GPX4 (rs713041) SNP in developing different diseases. Carriers of the GPX4 (rs173041) T allele were associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer in additive and dominant models (p = 0.02 and p = 0.004, respectively). In addition, carriers of the T allele were associated with an increased risk of developing stroke and hypertension in the additive, dominant and recessive models (p = 0.002, p = 0.004 and p = 0.01, respectively). On the other hand, the GPX4 (rs713041) T allele was associated with a decreased risk of developing pre-eclampsia in the additive, dominant and recessive models (p < 0.0001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.0005, respectively). Moreover, selenium levels presented lower mean values in cancer patients relative to control groups (SMD = −0.39 µg/L; 95% CI: −0.64, −0.14; p = 0.002, I² = 85%). Conclusion: GPX4 (rs713041) T allele may influence colorectal cancer risk, stroke, hypertension and pre-eclampsia. In addition, low selenium levels may play a role in the increased risk of cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advanced in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics)

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20 pages, 1473 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nutrient-Mediated Perception and Signalling in Human Metabolism: A Perspective of Nutrigenomics

by Milan Kumar Lal, Eshita Sharma, Rahul Kumar Tiwari, Rajni Devi, Udit Nandan Mishra, Richa Thakur, Rucku Gupta, Abhijit Dey, Priyanka Lal, Awadhesh Kumar, Muhammad Ahsan Altaf, Durgesh Nandini Sahu, Ravinder Kumar, Brajesh Singh and Sunil Kumar Sahu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11305; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911305 - 25 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3839

Abstract

The interaction between selective nutrients and linked genes involving a specific organ reveals the genetic make-up of an individual in response to a particular nutrient. The interaction of genes with food opens opportunities for the addition of bioactive compounds for specific populations comprising identical genotypes. The slight difference in the genetic blueprints of humans is advantageous in determining the effect of nutrients and their metabolism in the body. The basic knowledge of emerging nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics can be applied to optimize health, prevention, and treatment of diseases. In addition, nutrient-mediated pathways detecting the cellular concentration of nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, lipids, and metabolites are integrated and coordinated at the organismal level via hormone signals. This review deals with the interaction of nutrients with various aspects of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics along with pathways involved in nutrient sensing and regulation, which can provide a detailed understanding of this new leading edge in nutrition research and its potential application to dietetic practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advanced in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics)

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