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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 5333

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Dr. Jacek Matys

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Oral Surgery Department, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: medical and dental lasers; laser surface processing; laser decontamination; laser ablation; laser in bone surgery; photobiomodulation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to invite you to submit a manuscript to the forthcoming Special Issue, “Oral Soft Tissue Repair and Oral Diseases”, for the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

This Special Issue covers a wide range of topics related to the use of modern devices and materials in medicine and dentistry across different levels of research, from basic and applied science to laboratory, pre-clinical, and clinical studies. The Special Issue involves studies at a molecular level of how to apply new advanced devices, e.g., The research on Endoret and exogenous system in oral tissue regeneration, using patients' own bioactive proteins, growth factors and biomaterial scaffolds for treatment, which provides a new way to stimulate and accelerate tissue healing and bone regeneration. Lipid nanoparticle coated nucleoside modified messenger RNA (mRNA) platforms have been evaluated in various models of soft and hard tissue regeneration, such as myocardial infarction, and have shown promising results. In addition, platelet-rich preparations constitute relatively new biotechnologies that stimulate and accelerate tissue healing and bone regeneration. The versatility and biocompatibility of this method stimulate its application in tissue regeneration. Finally, studies that help to better understand how we can decrease bacterial, viral, and fungal contamination in the healthcare environment will be considered for publication in this issue.

Dr. Jacek Matys
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

oral medicine
tissue regeneration
lasers
photobiomodulation
periodontology
implant dentistry

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2947 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biomimetic Apatite/Natural Polymer Composite Granules as Multifunctional Dental Tissue Regenerative Material

by Barbara Kołodziejska, Ramona Figat and Joanna Kolmas

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16751; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316751 - 25 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 707

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of novel composite biomaterials designed for dental applications, aiming to potentially address the prevalent challenge of dental and periodontal tissue loss. The composites consisted of biomimetic hydroxyapatite (mHA) enriched with Mg²⁺, CO₃²⁻, and Zn²⁺ ions, type I collagen, alginate, and, additionally, chitosan and sericin. The granules were loaded with ibuprofen sodium salt. The investigation encompassed a morphology characterization, a porosity analysis, a chemical structure assessment, and an examination of the swelling behavior, drug release kinetics (ibuprofen), and release profiles of zinc and magnesium ions. The granules exhibited irregular surfaces with an enhanced homogeneity in the chitosan-coated granules and well-developed mesoporous structures. The FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of ibuprofen sodium, despite overlapping bands for the polymers. The granules demonstrated a high water-absorption capacity, with delayed swelling observed in the chitosan-coated granules. Ibuprofen displayed burst-release profiles, especially in the G1 and G3 samples. In the case of the chitosan-coated granules (G2 and G4), lower amounts of ibuprofen were released. In turn, there was a significant difference in the released amount of magnesium and zinc ions from the granules, which was most likely caused by their different location in the hydroxyapatite crystals. The cytotoxicity assays confirmed the non-cytotoxic behavior of the biomaterial. These findings suggest the potential applicability of these biomaterials in dental scenarios, emphasizing their multifunctional and biocompatible nature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Soft Tissue Repair and Oral Diseases)

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13 pages, 1182 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bone Allograft Acid Lysates Change the Genetic Signature of Gingival Fibroblasts

by Layla Panahipour, Azarakhsh Oladzad Abbasabadi, Anja Wagner, Klaus Kratochwill, Monika Pichler and Reinhard Gruber

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(22), 16181; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216181 - 10 Nov 2023

Viewed by 791

Abstract

Bone allografts are widely used as osteoconductive support to guide bone regrowth. Bone allografts are more than a scaffold for the immigrating cells as they maintain some bioactivity of the original bone matrix. Yet, it remains unclear how immigrating cells respond to bone allografts. To this end, we have evaluated the response of mesenchymal cells exposed to acid lysates of bone allografts (ALBA). RNAseq revealed that ALBA has a strong impact on the genetic signature of gingival fibroblasts, indicated by the increased expression of IL11, AREG, C11orf96, STC1, and GK—as confirmed by RT-PCR, and for IL11 and STC1 by immunoassays. Considering that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is stored in the bone matrix and may have caused the expression changes, we performed a proteomics analysis, TGF-β immunoassay, and smad2/3 nuclear translocation. ALBA neither showed detectable TGF-β nor was the lysate able to induce smad2/3 translocation. Nevertheless, the TGF-β receptor type I kinase inhibitor SB431542 significantly decreased the expression of IL11, AREG, and C11orf96, suggesting that other agonists than TGF-β are responsible for the robust cell response. The findings suggest that IL11, AREG, and C11orf96 expression in mesenchymal cells can serve as a bioassay reflecting the bioactivity of the bone allografts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Soft Tissue Repair and Oral Diseases)

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13 pages, 2091 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enamel Matrix Derivative Suppresses Chemokine Expression in Oral Epithelial Cells

by Layla Panahipour, Sara Botta, Azarakhsh Oladzad Abbasabadi, Zohreh Afradi and Reinhard Gruber

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 13991; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813991 - 12 Sep 2023

Viewed by 929

Abstract

Epithelial cells in periodontitis patients increasingly express chemokines, suggesting their active involvement in the inflammatory process. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is an extract of porcine fetal tooth germs clinically applied to support the regrowth of periodontal tissues. Periodontal regeneration might benefit from the potential anti-inflammatory activity of EMD for epithelial cells. Our aim was, therefore, to set up a bioassay where chemokine expression is initiated in the HSC2 oral squamous carcinoma cell line and then test EMD for its capacity to lower the inflammatory response. To establish the bioassay, HSC2 cells being exposed to TNFα and LPS from E. coli (Escherichia coli) or P. gingivalis (Porphyromonas gingivalis) were subjected to RNAseq. Here, TNFα but not LPS caused a robust increase of chemokines, including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CCL5, and CCL20 in HSC2 cells. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed the increased expression of the respective chemokines in cells exposed to TNFα and IL-1β. Under these conditions, EMD reduced the expression of all chemokines at the transcriptional level and CXCL8 by immunoassay. The TGF-β receptor type I kinase-inhibitor SB431542 reversed the anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, EMD-activated TGF-β-canonical signaling was visualized by phosphorylation of smad3 and nuclear translocation of smad2/3 in HSC2 cells and blocked by SB431542. This observation was confirmed with primary oral epithelial cells where EMD significantly lowered the SB431542-dependent expression of CXCL8. In summary, our findings suggest that TGF-β signaling mediates the effects of EMD to lower the forced expression of chemokines in oral epithelial cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Soft Tissue Repair and Oral Diseases)

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12 pages, 1114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cystatin SN (CST1) as a Novel Salivary Biomarker of Periodontitis

by Federica Romano, Francesco Franco, Matteo Corana, Giuliana Abbadessa, Federica Di Scipio, Barbara Pergolizzi, Chiara Castrignano, Mario Aimetti and Giovanni N. Berta

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 13834; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813834 - 08 Sep 2023

Viewed by 825

Abstract

Identification of biomarkers could help in assessing periodontal health status and monitoring treatment outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify potential innovative salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis using an untargeted proteomic approach. Forty-five healthy non-smoker participants diagnosed as having periodontally healthy conditions (H), severe periodontitis (P), and healthy but reduced periodontium after active periodontal treatment (T) were consecutively enrolled (15 per each group) in the study. A higher number of spots were identified in the proteome of unstimulated whole saliva collected from H and T subjects compared with P group, mainly within the range of 8–40 kDa. Protein spots of interest were analysed by MALDI-TOF-MS, allowing the identification of cystatin SN (CST1) isoform, as confirmed by Western blot. CST1 was markedly expressed in the H group, while it was absent in most P samples (p < 0.001). Interestingly, a distinct CST1 expression was observed in saliva from T patients. CST1 was negatively correlated with the percentage of pathological sites (p < 0.001) and was effective in discriminating active periodontitis from healthy periodontal status (whether H or T). Therefore, salivary CST1 may be a promising non-invasive biomarker for periodontal disease diagnosis and monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Soft Tissue Repair and Oral Diseases)

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Review

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23 pages, 632 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Molecular Approach for Detecting Bacteria and Fungi in Healthcare Environment Aerosols: A Systematic Review

by Jacek Matys, Julia Kensy, Tomasz Gedrange, Ireneusz Zawiślak, Kinga Grzech-Leśniak and Maciej Dobrzyński

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084154 - 09 Apr 2024

Viewed by 415

Abstract

Molecular methods have become integral to microbiological research for microbial identification. This literature review focuses on the application of molecular methods in examining airborne bacteria and fungi in healthcare facilities. In January 2024, a comprehensive electronic search was carried out in esteemed databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, employing carefully selected keywords such as ((bacteria) OR (virus) OR (fungi)) AND (aerosol) AND ((hospital) OR (healthcare) OR (dental office)) AND ((molecular) OR (PCR) OR (NGS) OR (RNA) OR (DNA) OR (metagenomic) OR (microarray)), following the PRISMA protocol. The review specifically targets healthcare environments with elevated concentrations of pathogenic bacteria. A total of 487 articles were initially identified, but only 13 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The study disclosed that the prevalent molecular methodology for appraising aerosol quality encompassed the utilization of the PCR method, incorporating either 16S rRNA (bacteria) or 18S rRNA (fungi) amplification techniques. Notably, five diverse molecular techniques, specifically PFGE, DGGE, SBT, LAMP, and DNA hybridization methods, were implemented in five distinct studies. These molecular tests exhibited superior capabilities compared to traditional bacterial and fungal cultures, providing precise strain identification. Additionally, the molecular methods allowed the detection of gene sequences associated with antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, molecular testing offers significant advantages over classical microbiological culture, providing more comprehensive information. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Soft Tissue Repair and Oral Diseases)

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13 pages, 1075 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Interleukin 6 in Periodontitis and Its Complications

by Małgorzata Mazurek-Mochol, Tobias Bonsmann, Martyna Mochol, Agata Poniewierska-Baran and Andrzej Pawlik

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(4), 2146; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042146 - 10 Feb 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 946

Abstract

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleomorphic pro-inflammatory cytokine that is strongly associated with local as well as systemic inflammatory processes. Its role in physiological and pathogenic processes throughout the human body has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. Measurements of the IL-6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GFC), as well as in serum, can be important diagnostic and prognostic factors in periodontal diseases (PD) and in assessing their impact on a range of related inflammatory diseases. This narrative review explores the significant role of IL-6 in patients with periodontitis and its association with other widespread inflammatory pathologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Soft Tissue Repair and Oral Diseases)

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