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miRNAs in Carcinogenesis of Solid and Hematological Malignancies

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 1814

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Head of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and San Bartolomeo Hospital, Sarzana, Italy
Interests: immunodeficiency; autoimmunity; neuro-endocrino-immunology; pharmacogenomics; soluble molecules; immune-mediated diseases; allergies; vaccines
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increased incidence of solid and hematological malignancies places heightened emphasis on the genetic and epigenetic factors that play a greater role in the etiopathogenesis of individual malignancies and the intricate relationship between individual risk factors. Several risk factors including obesity, alcohol abuse, viral infections (i.e., papillomavirus, Epstein Barr virus), and the use of steroid hormones (i.e., androgens, estrogens) are now widely known to be related to the occurrence of specific malignancies. Knowledge regarding the role of proteins (i.e., alarmins, cytokines) and ions in carcinogenesis is revealing a fascinating scenario. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding molecules of approximately twenty two nucleotides with crucial roles in both healthy and pathological cells. Their expression depends not only on genetic factors, but also on epigenetic mechanisms like genomic imprinting and the inactivation of X chromosome in females. miRNAs are related to the development of pathologies, including neoplastic ones. Steroid hormones, catecholamines, and growth factors (i.e., epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor) play a role in carcinogenesis via the regulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase. There are data in the literature that demonstrate a link between hormones (i.e., estrogens, androgens, catecholamines) and telomerase. Given these premises, this Special Issue aims to associate miRNAs and other risk factors in the carcinogenesis of solid and hematological malignancies.

Dr. Giuseppe Murdaca
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • miRNAs
  • hormones
  •  telomerase
  • alarmins
  • cytokines
  • cancer
  • hematological malignancies

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 1062 KiB  
Review
Gender Differences and miRNAs Expression in Cancer: Implications on Prognosis and Susceptibility
by Santino Caserta, Sebastiano Gangemi, Giuseppe Murdaca and Alessandro Allegra
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11544; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411544 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1431
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small, noncoding molecules of about twenty-two nucleotides with crucial roles in both healthy and pathological cells. Their expression depends not only on genetic factors, but also on epigenetic mechanisms like genomic imprinting and inactivation of X chromosome in females that influence [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs are small, noncoding molecules of about twenty-two nucleotides with crucial roles in both healthy and pathological cells. Their expression depends not only on genetic factors, but also on epigenetic mechanisms like genomic imprinting and inactivation of X chromosome in females that influence in a sex-dependent manner onset, progression, and response to therapy of different diseases like cancer. There is evidence of a correlation between miRNAs, sex, and cancer both in solid tumors and in hematological malignancies; as an example, in lymphomas, with a prevalence rate higher in men than women, miR-142 is “silenced” because of its hypermethylation by DNA methyltransferase-1 and it is blocked in its normal activity of regulating the migration of the cell. This condition corresponds in clinical practice with a more aggressive tumor. In addition, cancer treatment can have advantages from the evaluation of miRNAs expression; in fact, therapy with estrogens in hepatocellular carcinoma determines an upregulation of the oncosuppressors miR-26a, miR-92, and miR-122 and, consequently, apoptosis. The aim of this review is to present an exhaustive collection of scientific data about the possible role of sex differences on the expression of miRNAs and the mechanisms through which miRNAs influence cancerogenesis, autophagy, and apoptosis of cells from diverse types of tumors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue miRNAs in Carcinogenesis of Solid and Hematological Malignancies)
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